Xerocomoideae is an ecologically and economically important Boletaceae subfamily (Boletales) comprising 10 genera. Although many studies have focused on Xerocomoideae in China, the diversity, taxonomy and molecular phylogeny still remained incompletely understood. In the present study, taxonomic and phylogenetic studies on Chinese species of Xerocomoideae were carried out by morphological examinations and molecular phylogenetic analyses. Eight genera in Xerocomoideae, viz. Aureoboletus, Boletellus, Heimioporus, Hemileccinum, Hourangia, Phylloporus, Pulchroboletus, and Xerocomus were confirmed to be distributed in China; 97 species of the subfamily were accepted as being distributed in China; one ambiguous taxon was tentatively named Bol. aff. putuoensis; two synonyms, viz. A. marroninus and P. dimorphus were defined. Among the Chinese accepted species, 13 were newly described, viz. A. albipes, A. conicus, A. ornatipes, Bol. erythrolepis, Bol. rubidus, Bol. sinochrysenteroides, Bol. subglobosus, Bol. zenghuoxingii, H. squamipes, P. hainanensis, Pul. erubescens, X. albotomentosus, and X. fuscatus, 36 known species were redescribed, and the other 48 species were reviewed. Keys to accepted species of Aureoboletus, Boletellus, Heimioporus, Hemileccinum, Hourangia, Phylloporus, and Xerocomus in China were also provided. Taxonomic novelties: New species: Aureoboletus albipes N.K. Zeng, Xu Zhang & Zhi Q. Liang, A. conicus N.K. Zeng, Xu Zhang & Zhi Q. Liang, A. ornatipes N.K. Zeng, Xu Zhang & Zhi Q. Liang, Boletellus erythrolepis N.K. Zeng, R. Xue, S. Jiang & Zhi Q. Liang, Bol. rubidus N.K. Zeng, R. Xue, Y.J. Hao & Zhi Q. Liang, Bol. sinochrysenteroides N.K. Zeng, R. Xue & Kuan Zhao, Bol. subglobosus N.K. Zeng, R. Xue, S. Jiang & Zhi Q. Liang, Bol. zenghuoxingii N.K. Zeng, R. Xue, S. Jiang & Zhi Q. Liang, Hemileccinum squamipes N.K. Zeng, Chang Xu & Zhi Q. Liang, Phylloporus hainanensis N.K. Zeng, L.L. Wu, & Zhi Q. Liang, Pulchroboletus erubescens N.K. Zeng, Chang Xu & Zhi Q. Liang, Xerocomus albotomentosus N.K. Zeng, H.J. Xie, Chang Xu & Zhi Q. Liang, and X. fuscatus N.K. Zeng, H.J. Xie, Chang Xu & Zhi Q. Liang. Citation: Xue R, Zhang X, Xu C, Xie HJ, Wu LL, Wang Y, Tang LP, Hao YJ, Zhao K, Jiang S, Li Y, Yang YY, Li Z, Liang ZQ, Zeng NK (2023). The subfamily Xerocomoideae (Boletaceae, Boletales) in China. Studies in Mycology 106: 95-197. doi: 10.3114/sim.2022.106.03.

Two new species of Leccinellum, viz. L. alborufescens and L. fujianense are described based on morphological and molecular evidence. Both species have a rugulose or pitted brown pileus, a red color change of hymenophore and context, and a pileipellis and stipitipellis composed of chains of subglobose to pyriform cells. The differences between them are the width of the hyphae in the pileipellis and the range of distribution as well as the molecular data. Leccinellum alborufescens has hyphae in the pileipellis up to 13 μm in width, and a distribution in tropical China, whereas L. fujianense has pileipellis hyphae up to 20 μm in width, and a distribution in subtropical China. Detailed descriptions, color photos of fresh basidiomata and line drawings of the microstructures of the two new species are presented.

Previous studies have shown that boletes are abundant and diverse in China, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, morphological, ecological, host relationship, and a four-locus (28S, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2) molecular phylogenetic analyses were used to study the family Boletaceae in subtropical and tropical China. Four new bluing species are described from three genera, viz. Boletellus verruculosus (Chinese name疣柄条孢牛肝菌), Xerocomellus tenuis (Chinese name细柄红绒盖牛肝菌), Xer. brunneus (Chinese name褐盖红绒盖牛肝菌), and Xerocomus zhangii (Chinese name张氏绒盖牛肝菌). Moreover, the genus Nigroboletus is treated as a synonym of Xerocomellus, and a new combination, namely Xer. roseonigrescens (Chinese name玫瑰红绒盖牛肝菌), is proposed.

The morphology, ecology, and phylogenetic relationships of species of Crocinoboletus (Boletaceae, Boletales) were investigated. One species, C. pinetorum, new to science, is characterized by a pileus yellowish orange to pale orange in color, surface of pileus and stipe usually unchanging in color when bruised, shorter basidiospores measuring 9.5–11.5 × 4–5 (–5.5) μm, and its association with pine trees. Information on C. laetissimus and C. rufoaureus is updated. A key to all known taxa of Crocinoboletus is also provided.

Southwest China is extremely rich in fungal resources, and a large number of new taxa have been discovered in recent years. In the present study, we examined 26 specimens of the genera Hydnum and Lentaria sensu lato, most of which were obtained in Yunnan Province. Through ITS-nrLSU-tef1 phylogenetic analysis, combined with morphological studies and geographic analyses, five new species were described, viz. H. cremeum (奶油齿菌), H. flavoquamosum (黄鳞齿菌), H. roseoalbum (粉白齿菌), H. roseotangerinum (粉橙齿菌), and L. subalpina (亚高山木瑚菌). Furthermore, we also supplied new information on some known species, including host plants and new distribution records. We re-examined the holotype sequences of two known taxa, H. flabellatum and H. pallidomarginatum, treating H. flabellatum as a synonym of H. pallidomarginatum. Additionally, a key to Lentaria s.l. in China was provided.