Previous studies have shown that boletes are abundant and diverse in China, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. In the present study, morphological, ecological, host relationship, and a four-locus (28S, tef1, rpb1, and rpb2) molecular phylogenetic analyses were used to study the family Boletaceae in subtropical and tropical China. Four new bluing species are described from three genera, viz. Boletellus verruculosus (Chinese name疣柄条孢牛肝菌), Xerocomellus tenuis (Chinese name细柄红绒盖牛肝菌), Xer. brunneus (Chinese name褐盖红绒盖牛肝菌), and Xerocomus zhangii (Chinese name张氏绒盖牛肝菌). Moreover, the genus Nigroboletus is treated as a synonym of Xerocomellus, and a new combination, namely Xer. roseonigrescens (Chinese name玫瑰红绒盖牛肝菌), is proposed.

Southwest China is extremely rich in fungal resources, and a large number of new taxa have been discovered in recent years. In the present study, we examined 26 specimens of the genera Hydnum and Lentaria sensu lato, most of which were obtained in Yunnan Province. Through ITS-nrLSU-tef1 phylogenetic analysis, combined with morphological studies and geographic analyses, five new species were described, viz. H. cremeum (奶油齿菌), H. flavoquamosum (黄鳞齿菌), H. roseoalbum (粉白齿菌), H. roseotangerinum (粉橙齿菌), and L. subalpina (亚高山木瑚菌). Furthermore, we also supplied new information on some known species, including host plants and new distribution records. We re-examined the holotype sequences of two known taxa, H. flabellatum and H. pallidomarginatum, treating H. flabellatum as a synonym of H. pallidomarginatum. Additionally, a key to Lentaria s.l. in China was provided.

China possesses a particularly high diversity of Ganoderma , a genus of fungi with significant pharmacological relevance. This study provides an integrative taxonomic revision of Chinese Ganoderma species, utilizing a four-locus molecular dataset (ITS, nrLSU, TEF1-α , and RPB2 ) in conjunction with comprehensive morphological and ecological analyses. Two new species from southwestern China, G. roseogelatum (粉胶灵芝) sp. nov . and G. sinolucidum (中华亮盖灵芝) sp. nov ., are described and illustrated. G. sinolucidum has previously been misidentified as the European G. lucidum throughout eastern and southeastern Asia. Our study clarifies that while true G. lucidum occurs in both Europe and temperate East Asia (e.g., northern China), the tropical to subtropical Asian collections previously referred to it represent the distinct new species G. sinolucidum , thereby resolving this long-standing misapplication. Furthermore, two species are newly reported for China: G. eickeri (艾氏灵芝), originally described from South Africa, is documented outside Africa for the first time, indicating a novel Afro-Asian disjunct distribution; and G. oregonense (俄勒冈灵芝), originally described from North America, is confirmed in Asia through sequencing of the G. tibetanum holotype. This finding establishes G. oregonense as the third Ganoderma species with a verified Asia-North America disjunct distribution, following G. applanatum and G. tsugae . Re-examination of type specimens leads to the synonymization of G. weixiense with G. leucocontextum syn. nov ., and G. tibetanum with G. oregonense syn. nov . Sequencing the ITS region from the G. tibetanum holotype resolves longstanding taxonomic uncertainty and confirms the presence of G. oregonense in China. These results refine the taxonomic understanding of Ganoderma diversity in China and correct persistent misapplications of European names to Asian taxa. The study demonstrates the importance of integrating molecular phylogenetics with morphological reassessment to clarify species boundaries within this ecologically and pharmacologically significant genus.

The toothed jelly genus Pseudohydnum P. Karst. ( Basidiomycota , Auriculariales ) has historically been treated under a broad morphological concept centered on P. gelatinosum , a view that has long masked substantial cryptic diversity worldwide. However, many Chinese collections remain taxonomically unresolved and species boundaries are poorly defined. Here, we reassess the species diversity of Chinese Pseudohydnum through an integrative approach combining detailed morphology with multi-marker phylogenetics (ITS, nrLSU, and rpb1 ). We formally describe three new species, P. ellipsosporum sp. nov ., P. macroumbrosum sp. nov ., and P. roseolostipitatum sp. nov . We also refine the circumscriptions of four previously described taxa and provide new insights into their intraspecific variation, geographic distribution, and ecology. Notably, we document a previously unknown host association: P. brunneiceps was consistently found on decayed bamboo ( Phyllostachys edulis ), a substrate never before recorded for any Pseudohydnum species. Critically, our results demonstrate that morphology alone is currently insufficient for species delimitation as convergent or plastic characters obscure diagnostic differences, reinforcing the necessity of molecular validation. These findings substantially expand the known taxonomic and ecological diversity of Pseudohydnum in Asia, suggesting that China, particularly the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, may be a global hotspot for the genus. Overall, this study underscores the essential role of phylogenetic inference in revising species boundaries and elucidating evolutionary patterns in morphologically plastic groups of fungi.