BACKGROUND: The use of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) insecticides is still widely used by farmers in flower and agricultural centers. However, biological monitoring of farmers is still very rare in Indonesia. AChE inhibitors are reported to have toxic effects on various organs.METHODS: This study involved 120 subjects in Cihideung, Cikole and Pangalengan areas. All subjects have been interviewed, physically examined and biological sample taken by medical team. Descriptive analysis was performed to assess general conditions of the subjects and AChE erythrocyte activity enzyme at pseudo-baseline and the next 3 months from pseudo-baseline. Statistical analysis have been performed of the pseudo-baseline AChE erythrocyte activity with hypertension and history of exposures.RESULTS: The median value of pseudo-baseline AChE erythrocyte activity was 8.10 (1.3-14.25) U/g hematocrit. In the comparison between pseudo-baseline and 3 month from pseudo-baseline AChE activity, 7 respondents from 19 respondents (36.84%) had lower enzyme activity than 70% and the others subjects have higher activity value. AChE erythrocyte activity is associate with frequency of insecticide exposures. AChE erythrocyte activity (p=0.04; Exp (B)=2.937 CI 95%=1.049-8.224) and age (p=0.025; Exp (B)=3.872 CI 95%=1.180-12.703) are independent risk factors for hypertension in farmworker.CONCLUSION: AChE erythrocyte activity associated with frequency of insecticide exposures and hypertension among farmworkers.KEYWORDS: AChE erythrocyte activity, frequency of insecticide expsoures, hypertension

There is little data on directly measured carboxymethyl lysine (CML) content in Indonesian foods. This study aimed to generate a database of CML values in foods commonly consumed in West Java and West Sumatra. The results were to be used to update our previous estimated CML values. CML values in food samples were measured using high-pressure liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS). Food protein content was analyzed by Kjeldahl’s method or inferred from the nutrition facts’ label. A total of 210 food samples were examined, with the food groups of meat and poultry (1.06 mg CML/100 g edible food), and starchy foods (0.21 mg/100 g edible food) having the highest and lowest mean CML levels, respectively. We found that the foods with the top three highest CML content were fried starch dough (cimol), fried fish crackers, and chicken gulai. The mean of the estimated values (0.80 mg CML/100 g edible food) was higher than the directly measured values (0.66 mg CML/100 g edible food), [p < 0.035]. Conclusion: This database provides information on CML values in Indonesian foods, and can be further used to make a guide policy for the selection of foods to reduce non-communicable diseases. Further measurements are needed on Indonesian dishes to complete the database.

‘Exposure’ atau pajanan bahan kimia lebih sering tidak disadari, tidak dipedulikan, atau tidak ditangani dengan layak. Salah satu alasannya karena tidak terdapat paduan yang memberikan informasi yang memadai dan lengkap. Kerap kali tindakan diambil ketika pajanan terlanjut mengakibatkan efek yang tidak bisa disembuhkan. Padahal keselamatan kerja harusnya tidak dipandang sekedar sebagai slogan, melainkan kunci keberlangsungan hidup. Buku Monitoring Bahaya Bahan Kimia di Tempat Kerja hadir sebagai paduan praktis pertama di Indonesia dan bermanfaat terutama bagi pengambil keputusan di perusahaan, namun juga bagi pekerja, dan praktisi K3 untuk memahami, mengidentifikasi, serta mengendalikan risiko pajanan bahan kimia di lingkungan kerja. Disusun dengan bahasa yang jelas dengan referensi standar keselamatan internasional, buku ini membahas metode monitoring, teknik evaluasi, serta strategi pencegahan yang dapat diterapkan di berbagai sektor industri. Dengan pendekatan yang sistematis, pembaca akan dibekali pengetahuan untuk menciptakan tempat kerja yang aman, sehat, dan berkelanjutan. Sebuah referensi penting bagi siapa pun yang peduli pada keselamatan kerja dan perlindungan lingkungan.