Cerebral gliomatosis (GC) is a rare diffuse infiltrative growth pattern of glioma with nonspecific clinical manifestations like visual impairment that may involve bilateral temporal lobes. Herpes simplex encephalitis (HSE) and limbic encephalitis (LE) can also lead to temporal lobe involvement. Differentiating these entities is necessary for patients with misleading presentations and imaging findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is the third case of GC presenting with blindness. The patient was a 35 years-old male in a drug rehabilitation center for heroin addiction. He presented with a headache, a single episode of seizure, and a 2-month history of bilateral decrease in visual acuity, which had acutely worsened. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral temporal lobe involvement. Ophthalmological studies showed bilateral papilledema, absence of visual evoked potential, and thickening of the retinal nerve fiber layer. Due to this clinical presentation, normal laboratory data, and suspicious MRI findings, further investigation with magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was performed. Results showed a greatly increased ratio of choline to creatinine(Cr) or N-acetyl aspartate (NAA), suggesting a neoplastic nature of the disease. Subsequently, the patient was referred for a brain tissue biopsy with a suspicion of malignancy. The pathology results revealed adult-type diffuse glioma with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) mutation. Bilateral blindness, as well as bilateral temporal lobe involvement, each has many different causes. However, as demonstrated in this study, adult-type diffuse glioma must be considered a rare cause of concomitant bilateral temporal lobe involvement and blindness.

: Meningitis and meningoencephalitis, as inflammatory diseases of the brain parenchyma, are serious events reported sporadically after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination. However, there is a lack of systematic reviews consolidating these reported cases. By using Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, a comprehensive search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases. All case reports and series discussing the emergence of meningitis and meningoencephalitis after COVID-19 vaccination were included and evaluated using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tool. Out of 967 records, 27 studies with 31 patients were eventually included. The most commonly reported symptoms were headaches and fever. About one-third of the patients exhibited positive meningeal signs. Most of the findings in the computed tomography scans and magnetic resonance images revealed no significant changes or enhancement in the leptomeninges. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis dominantly suggested aseptic meningitis, and about 80.6% of the patients experienced a full recovery. After a detailed review of the reported cases, further research is needed to establish a definitive correlation between meningitis and COVID-19 vaccination on a larger scale.

Introduction: Small fiber neuropathy (SFN) affects pain and autonomic function, and there is increasing evidence that immune pathways are linked to its pathology. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been proposed as a treatment option for patients with painful SFN but has yielded mixed results. This review evaluates the effectiveness of IVIGs in the treatment of painful SFN. Methods: According to PRISMA guidelines, a thorough literature search was conducted using five major electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science) up to August 17, 2023. Data extraction was performed independently by two reviewers, and quality assessments were performed using Joanna Briggs Institute tools. The PRISMA guidelines ensured the transparency of the review. Results: This systematic review included seven studies to evaluate the effectiveness of IVIG for the treatment of SFN. The review included 458 patients from various studies conducted between 2005 and 2023, covering various neuropathy subtypes such as idiopathic SFN, sarcoidosis-associated SFN, etc. Both double-blind RCTs reported no significant differences between IVIG and placebo in neuropathy severity or pain reduction. Retrospective cohort studies varied in quality and produced mixed results. Of note, some studies showed significant pain reduction with IVIG, while others did not. The effectiveness of IVIG on neuropathy severity and intraepidermal nerve fiber density was similarly variable, with some studies reporting efficacy and others indicate no significant changes. Overall, IVIG showed potential benefits, but the results were inconsistent across studies. Discussion: IVIG shows potential efficacy in select SFN subtypes, particularly autoimmuneassociated forms (e.g., TS-HDS/FGFR-3 positive), with some retrospective studies reporting pain and functional improvements. However, two high-quality RCTs found no significant benefit over placebo. Marked heterogeneity in study design, IVIG protocols, diagnostic criteria, and outcome measures limits comparability and generalizability. Adverse events, including infusion reactions were common. These findings highlight IVIG's possible role in immunologically mediated SFN but underscore the need for standardized protocols, biomarker-based patient selection, and large, wellcontrolled trials to establish definitive efficacy. Conclusion: Some evidence suggests the potential benefit of IVIG therapy for certain subgroups of patients with SFN. However, the overall effectiveness is still unclear, and further studies are needed.