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Christian Preti
IMAMOTER Institute for Agricultural and Earth-moving Machines of C.N.R (Italian National Research Council), Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Turin, Italy.

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Journal article
Published: 21 June 2019 in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health
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European Directives 2002/44/EC and 2003/10/EC establish the exposure limit values for preventing operators' risks to vibration and noise transmitted by machines. Few studies studied noise and vibration of agricultural backpack powered machines (as mist blowers and blowers), but nobody critically studied them. This work analyzed the field back vibration, hand-arm vibration (HAV), and noise transmitted to ten operators by eight blowers and mist blowers. Unweighted and weighted vibration were analyzed, using the standards ISO 2631-1 (back), and ISO 5349-1 and ISO/TR 18570 (hand-arm system). The noise was evaluated by recording the acoustic pressure level at the operators' ears using the ISO 9612. With the ISO 2631-1, the vibration to the operators' back was low (0.38 ms-2), but the unweighted vibration measured along y and z-axes (not used by the ISO 2631-1) were high (>11 ms-2). HAV were also low when using the ISO 5349-1 (the highest value was 2.51 ms-2 in mist blowers), but high with the ISO/TR 18570 for the onset of vibration white finger (1446 ms-1.5 in blowers). Noise levels were always high: more than 100 dB(A), excluding the blower with the exhaust inside the blower hose. This last machine had noise levels lower than 86 dB(A), but its specific feature could increase environmental pollution.

ACS Style

Angela Calvo; Christian Preti; Maria Caria; Roberto Deboli. Vibration and Noise Transmitted by Agricultural Backpack Powered Machines Critically Examined Using the Current Standards. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16, 2210 .

AMA Style

Angela Calvo, Christian Preti, Maria Caria, Roberto Deboli. Vibration and Noise Transmitted by Agricultural Backpack Powered Machines Critically Examined Using the Current Standards. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019; 16 (12):2210.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Calvo; Christian Preti; Maria Caria; Roberto Deboli. 2019. "Vibration and Noise Transmitted by Agricultural Backpack Powered Machines Critically Examined Using the Current Standards." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12: 2210.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2018 in International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
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ACS Style

Angela Calvo; Elio Romano; Christian Preti; Giampaolo Schillaci; Roberto Deboli. Upper limb disorders and hand-arm vibration risks with hand-held olive beaters. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2018, 65, 36 -45.

AMA Style

Angela Calvo, Elio Romano, Christian Preti, Giampaolo Schillaci, Roberto Deboli. Upper limb disorders and hand-arm vibration risks with hand-held olive beaters. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2018; 65 ():36-45.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Calvo; Elio Romano; Christian Preti; Giampaolo Schillaci; Roberto Deboli. 2018. "Upper limb disorders and hand-arm vibration risks with hand-held olive beaters." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 65, no. : 36-45.

Journal article
Published: 22 January 2018 in Sustainability
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The aim of this investigation was to determine the physical and acoustical properties of compacts made from composted pig slurry solid fraction (SF) in order to assess the potential to recycle this agricultural waste as a sound absorber. The compacts were obtained by compression. The physical parameters investigated were bulk density, durability, and particle size distribution. The acoustical features of the compacts were studied with an impedance tube device in order to verify the acoustic absorption coefficient. Two composts were prepared: pig SF compost without a bulking agent (SSFC) and pig SF compost with wood chips as a bulking agent (WCC). The study’s results indicated that compost particles dimension played a key role in the physical and acoustical properties of the compacts: the smaller the particles, the higher the physical and acoustical properties of the compacts. The densification process increased the bulk density of the investigated composts up to 690 kg m−3 for SSFC and 660 kg m−3 for WWC, with, respectively, medium (77.9%) and low (66.5%) durability. The addition of woody bulking agent significantly reduced the absorption coefficient: the best results, in terms of potential use as a sound absorber, were observed for compacts made from composted pig slurry solid fraction without the addition of wood chips.

ACS Style

Niccolò Pampuro; Christian Preti; Eugenio Cavallo. Recycling Pig Slurry Solid Fraction Compost as a Sound Absorber. Sustainability 2018, 10, 277 .

AMA Style

Niccolò Pampuro, Christian Preti, Eugenio Cavallo. Recycling Pig Slurry Solid Fraction Compost as a Sound Absorber. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (2):277.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Niccolò Pampuro; Christian Preti; Eugenio Cavallo. 2018. "Recycling Pig Slurry Solid Fraction Compost as a Sound Absorber." Sustainability 10, no. 2: 277.

Original articles
Published: 21 June 2017 in Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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Agricultural and earth-moving machinery operators are particularly exposed to whole-body vibration (WBV), which has severe effects on health and affects comfort and performance. Few studies have investigated vibrational safety and comfort issues in telescopic handlers. These vehicles are widespread in many off-road applications—such as construction, agriculture, and mining—used to handle loads and to lift persons and equipment. This study investigated the effects of an active hydro-pneumatic cab-suspension system fitted to a telehandler on a driver's vibration exposure along the x-, y-, and z-axes, through both objective and subjective assessments. Sixteen healthy professional telehandler drivers took part in the study. Objective measurements were acquired at the operator's seat, and subjective ratings were taken while participants drove the telehandler with either a deactivated or activated suspension system at 12 kph on an ISO 5008 smooth track. The results showed that the activation of the cab-suspension system reduced the root-mean-square acceleration along the x- and z-axes (p =.038 and p =.000, respectively). Moreover, the frequency analysis showed a reduction in the acceleration along the z-axis in the range of 2–25 Hz (p <.05 for all comparisons); in particular, the acceleration was reduced by 50% in the higher frequency range (4–20 Hz). A reduction in the vibration intensity was perceived by the participants along the y- and z-axes (p =.009 and p =.003, respectively). Implications for the future development of suspension systems are discussed.

ACS Style

Federica Caffaro; Christian Preti; Margherita Micheletti Cremasco; Eugenio Cavallo. Three-axial evaluation of whole-body vibration in agricultural telehandlers: The effects of an active cab-suspension system. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 2017, 14, 758 -770.

AMA Style

Federica Caffaro, Christian Preti, Margherita Micheletti Cremasco, Eugenio Cavallo. Three-axial evaluation of whole-body vibration in agricultural telehandlers: The effects of an active cab-suspension system. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 2017; 14 (10):758-770.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federica Caffaro; Christian Preti; Margherita Micheletti Cremasco; Eugenio Cavallo. 2017. "Three-axial evaluation of whole-body vibration in agricultural telehandlers: The effects of an active cab-suspension system." Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 14, no. 10: 758-770.

Journal article
Published: 01 March 2017 in International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
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ACS Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti. Whole-body vibration: Measurement of horizontal and vertical transmissibility of an agricultural tractor seat. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2017, 58, 69 -78.

AMA Style

Roberto Deboli, Angela Calvo, Christian Preti. Whole-body vibration: Measurement of horizontal and vertical transmissibility of an agricultural tractor seat. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2017; 58 ():69-78.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti. 2017. "Whole-body vibration: Measurement of horizontal and vertical transmissibility of an agricultural tractor seat." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 58, no. : 69-78.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2017 in Applied Engineering in Agriculture
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Whole body vibrations are among the risk factors for professional diseases in agricultural operators: it is therefore fundamental to study vibration source dynamics to improve vehicle comfort and safety. This study analyses the forces acting on the tires of one tractor operated in 29 different settings both on a standard “ISO 5008” test track and three terrain surfaces. For each setting, the accelerations acquired at the tractor hubs were reproduced on a four-poster test bench and the vertical displacement of the actuators reproducing the test track was obtained for each surface. Subsequently, the spectra of the twenty-nine replicated ground inputs were analyzed. All of them showed a similar shape in terms of frequency, pointing out that solicitations originating from different agricultural surfaces belonged to a specific range of frequencies. Because of this, a remarkable simplification and standardization can be introduced in the analysis of tractor dynamics, comfort, and material resistance. Keywords: Four-poster test bench, Operator comfort, Safety, Surface profile, Test track, Vibrations.

ACS Style

Maurizio Cutini; Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti; Massimo Brambilla; Carlo Bisaglia. Ground Soil Input Characteristics Determining Agricultural Tractor Dynamics. Applied Engineering in Agriculture 2017, 33, 509 -519.

AMA Style

Maurizio Cutini, Roberto Deboli, Angela Calvo, Christian Preti, Massimo Brambilla, Carlo Bisaglia. Ground Soil Input Characteristics Determining Agricultural Tractor Dynamics. Applied Engineering in Agriculture. 2017; 33 (4):509-519.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Maurizio Cutini; Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti; Massimo Brambilla; Carlo Bisaglia. 2017. "Ground Soil Input Characteristics Determining Agricultural Tractor Dynamics." Applied Engineering in Agriculture 33, no. 4: 509-519.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2016 in Science of The Total Environment
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Industrial comminution is becoming increasingly popular, as the result of a growing demand for wood biomass. Such task is performed with either chippers or grinders, which are large, powerful machines, capable of generating much noise. In turn, high noise levels may have negative impacts on the health and comfort of workers, and of the people living in the surroundings of a wood fuel yard. This study gauged the difference between the two main technology options (i.e. chippers and grinders) in order to offer additional decision elements to wood yard planners. The chipper on test generated more noise than the grinder, due to its better ability to process wood and to transmit more energy into it. Since the chipper was equipped with less working tools and turned slower than the grinder, it generated its noise peaks at lower frequency bands. The grinder on test was more suitable for use in wood yards located near settled areas, and was an obvious choice whenever dealing with a diversified and occasionally contaminated raw material stream.

ACS Style

Raffaele Spinelli; Natascia Magagnotti; Roberto Deboli; Christian Preti. Noise emissions in wood chipping yards: Options compared. Science of The Total Environment 2016, 563-564, 145 -151.

AMA Style

Raffaele Spinelli, Natascia Magagnotti, Roberto Deboli, Christian Preti. Noise emissions in wood chipping yards: Options compared. Science of The Total Environment. 2016; 563-564 ():145-151.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raffaele Spinelli; Natascia Magagnotti; Roberto Deboli; Christian Preti. 2016. "Noise emissions in wood chipping yards: Options compared." Science of The Total Environment 563-564, no. : 145-151.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Applied Ergonomics
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To provide more effective evaluations of hand arm vibration syndromes caused by hand held olive beaters, this study focused on two aspects: the acceleration measured at the tool pole and the analysis of the impulsivity, using the crest factor. The signals were frequency weighted using the weighting curve Wh as described in the ISO 5349-1 standard. The same source signals were also filtered by the Wh-bl filter (ISO/TS 15694), because the weighting filter Wh (unlike the Wh-bl filter) could underestimate the effect of high frequency vibration on vibration-induced finger disorders. Ten (experienced) male operators used three beater models (battery powered) in the real olive harvesting condition. High vibration total values were obtained with values never lower than 20 m(-2). Concerning the crest factor, the values ranged from 5 to more than 22. This work demonstrated that the hand held olive beaters produced high impulsive loads comparable to the industry hand held tools.

ACS Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti. Vibration and impulsivity analysis of hand held olive beaters. Applied Ergonomics 2016, 55, 258 -267.

AMA Style

Roberto Deboli, Angela Calvo, Christian Preti. Vibration and impulsivity analysis of hand held olive beaters. Applied Ergonomics. 2016; 55 ():258-267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti. 2016. "Vibration and impulsivity analysis of hand held olive beaters." Applied Ergonomics 55, no. : 258-267.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
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ACS Style

Paolo Lenzuni; Roberto Deboli; Christian Preti; Angela Calvo. A round robin test for the hand-transmitted vibration from an olive harvester. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2016, 53, 86 -92.

AMA Style

Paolo Lenzuni, Roberto Deboli, Christian Preti, Angela Calvo. A round robin test for the hand-transmitted vibration from an olive harvester. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2016; 53 ():86-92.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paolo Lenzuni; Roberto Deboli; Christian Preti; Angela Calvo. 2016. "A round robin test for the hand-transmitted vibration from an olive harvester." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 53, no. : 86-92.

Journal article
Published: 01 May 2016 in International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
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ACS Style

Federica Caffaro; Margherita Micheletti Cremasco; Christian Preti; Eugenio Cavallo. Ergonomic analysis of the effects of a telehandler's active suspended cab on whole body vibration level and operator comfort. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2016, 53, 19 -26.

AMA Style

Federica Caffaro, Margherita Micheletti Cremasco, Christian Preti, Eugenio Cavallo. Ergonomic analysis of the effects of a telehandler's active suspended cab on whole body vibration level and operator comfort. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2016; 53 ():19-26.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Federica Caffaro; Margherita Micheletti Cremasco; Christian Preti; Eugenio Cavallo. 2016. "Ergonomic analysis of the effects of a telehandler's active suspended cab on whole body vibration level and operator comfort." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 53, no. : 19-26.

Journal article
Published: 05 November 2014 in Journal of Agricultural Engineering
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The electric hand held olive harvesters have a low weight (about 2 kg) and cause the fruit pick up by means of impacts produced by their vibrational tools: for this reason they transmit elevated vibration doses to the operator’s hand arm system during the work. In this paper electric beaters of different manufacturers and different models were considered, to analyse their vibrational behaviour in field, during the olive harvesting campaign in a site located in Northern Italy. One operator did the tests, to avoid the operator’s uncertainty on the obtained results. All the five examined beaters gave high acceleration values (in a range from 10 to 26 ms–2), but the most restricting data were the daily vibration exposures, calculated considering the real working duration time acquired in field, almost ranged between 10 and 18 ms–2. Also the operator posture during the work (with the arms over the shoulders) may set health problems, related to upper limb disorders, other than the already known musculoskeletal, nervous and vascular pathologies.

ACS Style

Angela Calvo; Roberto Deboli; Christian Preti; Antonino De Maria. Daily exposure to hand arm vibration by different electric olive beaters. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2014, 45, 103 .

AMA Style

Angela Calvo, Roberto Deboli, Christian Preti, Antonino De Maria. Daily exposure to hand arm vibration by different electric olive beaters. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2014; 45 (3):103.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angela Calvo; Roberto Deboli; Christian Preti; Antonino De Maria. 2014. "Daily exposure to hand arm vibration by different electric olive beaters." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 45, no. 3: 103.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2014 in International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics
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ACS Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti; Marco Inserillo. Design and test of a device for acceleration reproducibility of hand held olive harvesters. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 2014, 44, 581 -589.

AMA Style

Roberto Deboli, Angela Calvo, Christian Preti, Marco Inserillo. Design and test of a device for acceleration reproducibility of hand held olive harvesters. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics. 2014; 44 (4):581-589.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti; Marco Inserillo. 2014. "Design and test of a device for acceleration reproducibility of hand held olive harvesters." International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics 44, no. 4: 581-589.

Journal article
Published: 08 September 2013 in Journal of Agricultural Engineering
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To correctly evaluate the vibration transmitted to the operators, it is necessary to consider each body’s point interested by the vibratory stimulus produced by machines. All the body’s part in contact to the vibration, when a portable device with internal combustion engine is used, are: hands, back and shoulders. Some information for wholebody vibration are available in the ISO 2631-1997 standard, which otherwise refers to a seated operator. ‘C’ type standards for the vibration analysis exist for some portable machines with an internal combustion engine which is comprehensive in the machine (chainsaw, brush-cutter, blower). If the engine is not inside the machine, but it is on the operator’s back, ‘C’ type standards on vibration measurements are quite incomplete. The IMAMOTER institute of CNR, the DISAFA Department (University of Turin) and the Occupational Medicine Department of the University of Catania started some tests to verify the vibration levels transmitted to an operator working with backed engine devices. Two machines have been examined: a blower and a spraying machine. Two operative conditions have been considered during all the tests: idling and full load. Three operators have been involved and each test has been repeated three times. The spraying machine has been tested both with the empty tank and with 10 litres of water, to simulate the load to be caused by the presence of liquid inside the tank. In this work the comfort condition of ISO 2631-1 standard was considered, using the frequency weighting Wc curve with the weighting factor 0.8 for X axis (back-ventral direction) and the Wd curve for Y and Z axis (shoulder - shoulder and buttocks - head) with weighting factors 0.5 and 0.4 (respectively for Y and Z axis). Data were examined using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software package. The statistical analysis underlined that the running condition is the main factor to condition the vibration levels transmitted to the operator’s back, while the ballast and the operators are influent when the running conditions are distinguished. Concerning medical investigation, lower back and shoulders are the main critical part of the body interested by vibration transmitted to each operator.

ACS Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Venerando Rapisarda; Christian Preti; Marco Inserillo. Vibration transmitted to operator’s back by machines with back-pack power unit: a case study on blower and spraying machines. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2013, 44, 1 .

AMA Style

Roberto Deboli, Angela Calvo, Venerando Rapisarda, Christian Preti, Marco Inserillo. Vibration transmitted to operator’s back by machines with back-pack power unit: a case study on blower and spraying machines. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2013; 44 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Venerando Rapisarda; Christian Preti; Marco Inserillo. 2013. "Vibration transmitted to operator’s back by machines with back-pack power unit: a case study on blower and spraying machines." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 44, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2013 in Journal of Agricultural Engineering
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To correctly evaluate the vibration transmitted to the operators, it is necessary to consider each body’s point interested by the vibratory stimulus produced by machines. All the body’s part in contact to the vibration, when a portable device with internal combustion engine is used, are: hands, back and shoulders. Some information for wholebody vibration are available in the ISO 2631-1997 standard, which otherwise refers to a seated operator. ‘C’ type standards for the vibration analysis exist for some portable machines with an internal combustion engine which is comprehensive in the machine (chainsaw, brush-cutter, blower). If the engine is not inside the machine, but it is on the operator’s back, ‘C’ type standards on vibration measurements are quite incomplete. The IMAMOTER institute of CNR, the DISAFA Department (University of Turin) and the Occupational Medicine Department of the University of Catania started some tests to verify the vibration levels transmitted to an operator working with backed engine devices. Two machines have been examined: a blower and a spraying machine. Two operative conditions have been considered during all the tests: idling and full load. Three operators have been involved and each test has been repeated three times. The spraying machine has been tested both with the empty tank and with 10 litres of water, to simulate the load to be caused by the presence of liquid inside the tank. In this work the comfort condition of ISO 2631-1 standard was considered, using the frequency weighting Wc curve with the weighting factor 0.8 for X axis (back-ventral direction) and the Wd curve for Y and Z axis (shoulder - shoulder and buttocks - head) with weighting factors 0.5 and 0.4 (respectively for Y and Z axis). Data were examined using IBM SPSS Statistics 20 software package. The statistical analysis underlined that the running condition is the main factor to condition the vibration levels transmitted to the operator’s back, while the ballast and the operators are influent when the running conditions are distinguished. Concerning medical investigation, lower back and shoulders are the main critical part of the body interested by vibration transmitted to each operator.

ACS Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Venerando Rapisarda; Christian Preti; Marco Inserillo. Vibration transmitted to operator’s back by machines with back-pack power unit: a case study on blower and spraying machines. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2013, 44, 1 .

AMA Style

Roberto Deboli, Angela Calvo, Venerando Rapisarda, Christian Preti, Marco Inserillo. Vibration transmitted to operator’s back by machines with back-pack power unit: a case study on blower and spraying machines. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2013; 44 (2):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Venerando Rapisarda; Christian Preti; Marco Inserillo. 2013. "Vibration transmitted to operator’s back by machines with back-pack power unit: a case study on blower and spraying machines." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 44, no. 2: 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 September 2012 in Journal of Agricultural Engineering
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The exposure to whole body vibration (WBV) of tractor drivers during field operations is a problem that has never been solved. WBV values are quite difficult to predict because of the high number of variables, such as mass and geometry of the vehicle, forward speed, tire pressure, type of ground, operation cycle, and environmental factors. The use of an artificial track is useful to limit the variability of some field parameters, such as the path followed, fluctuations in speed, weather, temperature, and soil conditions. For comparative purposes, these variables need to be maintained as constant as possible in order to obtain the most useful data. An analysis of the literature provoked the question: Is there a lower forward speed on artificial track that can generate the same vibration response on tractors working in the same field? In this paper, we analyze the available literature and provide some WBV values and frequency analysis of acceleration measured on agricultural tractors traveling on an artificial test track and on different types of ground.

ACS Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti. Comparison between ISO 5008 and field whole body vibration tractor values. Journal of Agricultural Engineering 2012, 43, e8 .

AMA Style

Roberto Deboli, Angela Calvo, Christian Preti. Comparison between ISO 5008 and field whole body vibration tractor values. Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 2012; 43 (2):e8.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Roberto Deboli; Angela Calvo; Christian Preti. 2012. "Comparison between ISO 5008 and field whole body vibration tractor values." Journal of Agricultural Engineering 43, no. 2: e8.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2011 in Silva Fennica
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ACS Style

Raffaele Spinelli; Natascia Magagnotti; Giuseppe Paletto; Christian Preti. Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper. Silva Fennica 2011, 45, 1 .

AMA Style

Raffaele Spinelli, Natascia Magagnotti, Giuseppe Paletto, Christian Preti. Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper. Silva Fennica. 2011; 45 (1):1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Raffaele Spinelli; Natascia Magagnotti; Giuseppe Paletto; Christian Preti. 2011. "Determining the impact of some wood characteristics on the performance of a mobile chipper." Silva Fennica 45, no. 1: 1.