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Luis Encalada-Abarca
Centre of Geographical Studies, Institute of Geography and Spatial Planning, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal

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Journal article
Published: 19 May 2021 in Geoforum
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This article aims to provide a more detailed conception of the production of urban digital divides by VGI platforms in the context of the platform economy, through the articulation of the first (access and coverage), second (usage and skills) and third (outcomes) level of the digital divide. Our conceptual approach departs from a discussion of the geographical consequences of the different levels of the digital divide, focusing on their application to the study of VGI platforms, especially those working under the logic of the platform economy. We draw on a multi-level case study of the geographies of TripAdvisor and the geographies of restaurants or similar establishments in Lisbon, which comprised data analysis and interviews with restaurant owners, to argue that VGI platforms are producing urban digital divides that can only be fully detected through the triangulation of the different levels of the digital divide. They are not only producing different levels of territorial coverage in cities, but also different levels of usage intensity which have caused negative and positive outcomes for the firms associated. All these levels are spatially distributed, and such distribution is even more pronounced at a finer scale. We conclude that VGI platforms are producing a myriad of new forms of spatial divides that need more attention, given that the digital divide is present within the mechanisms designed by digital platforms. The vast and complex effects of such data engineering is best captured when all three levels of the digital divide are taken into account.

ACS Style

Daniela Ferreira; Mário Vale; Renato Miguel Carmo; Luis Encalada-Abarca; Carla Marcolin. The three levels of the urban digital divide: Bridging issues of coverage, usage and its outcomes in VGI platforms. Geoforum 2021, 124, 195 -206.

AMA Style

Daniela Ferreira, Mário Vale, Renato Miguel Carmo, Luis Encalada-Abarca, Carla Marcolin. The three levels of the urban digital divide: Bridging issues of coverage, usage and its outcomes in VGI platforms. Geoforum. 2021; 124 ():195-206.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Daniela Ferreira; Mário Vale; Renato Miguel Carmo; Luis Encalada-Abarca; Carla Marcolin. 2021. "The three levels of the urban digital divide: Bridging issues of coverage, usage and its outcomes in VGI platforms." Geoforum 124, no. : 195-206.

Journal article
Published: 23 March 2021 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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The Ecuadorian Amazon is considered a biodiverse region, and at the same time contains the largest number of oil blocks and oilfields in the country. Oil exploitation requires the implementation of oil facilities and related infrastructure, such as roads, water, and energy supply, for operation. These large engineering works can alter the dynamics of the Amazonian natural ecosystems. This paper analyzes the land use and land cover (LULC) change and relates spatial patterns within an oil block located in the province of Orellana, Ecuador. The study was processed in two phases, the first corresponding to the collection and classification of LULC classes within the oil block. The second phase concerned the calculation of landscape metrics, with the purpose of quantitatively characterizing each class. This analysis was carried out for the pre-concession, post-concession scenarios of the oil block and the current scenario of the region. The results revealed that the low predominance of forest cover within the study region is not directly associated with the beginning of the Block 47 concession. On the other hand, a significant reduction of the Coca River was evidenced for the 2018 scenario.

ACS Style

Sergio Llerena-Montoya; Andrés Velastegui-Montoya; Bryan Zhirzhan-Azanza; Viviana Herrera-Matamoros; Marcos Adami; Aline de Lima; Francisco Moscoso-Silva; Luis Encalada. Multitemporal Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover within an Oil Block in the Ecuadorian Amazon. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2021, 10, 191 .

AMA Style

Sergio Llerena-Montoya, Andrés Velastegui-Montoya, Bryan Zhirzhan-Azanza, Viviana Herrera-Matamoros, Marcos Adami, Aline de Lima, Francisco Moscoso-Silva, Luis Encalada. Multitemporal Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover within an Oil Block in the Ecuadorian Amazon. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2021; 10 (3):191.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sergio Llerena-Montoya; Andrés Velastegui-Montoya; Bryan Zhirzhan-Azanza; Viviana Herrera-Matamoros; Marcos Adami; Aline de Lima; Francisco Moscoso-Silva; Luis Encalada. 2021. "Multitemporal Analysis of Land Use and Land Cover within an Oil Block in the Ecuadorian Amazon." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 3: 191.

Research article
Published: 25 January 2021 in Journal of Travel Research
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This article provides an approach to the geographic and quantitative interpretation of tourism intensification, drawing on the concepts of fractals, and fractal dimension ( D). Exploring tourism intensification in Lisbon, we first present a geographic construct that represents the spatial layout of tourism based on crowd-contributed spatial signatures advocating a collective sense of the “tourist city.” Then, we assess the tourism-related intensification patterns, based on the estimation of D, for different years. Significant statistical associations can be found between D and tourism intensification across the urban space. Intensification on tourism cores is more homogeneously distributed, yet it evolves into a more compact form of spatial organization. On the other hand, there is a decline in the degree of homogeneity of tourism intensification from tourism cores to the periphery. This approach has also proved useful for exploring tourism intensification in destinations at different hierarchical levels, such as in Lisbon and Oporto metropolitan areas.

ACS Style

Luis Encalada-Abarca; Carlos Cardoso Ferreira; Jorge Rocha. Measuring Tourism Intensification in Urban Destinations: An Approach Based on Fractal Analysis. Journal of Travel Research 2021, 1 .

AMA Style

Luis Encalada-Abarca, Carlos Cardoso Ferreira, Jorge Rocha. Measuring Tourism Intensification in Urban Destinations: An Approach Based on Fractal Analysis. Journal of Travel Research. 2021; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Encalada-Abarca; Carlos Cardoso Ferreira; Jorge Rocha. 2021. "Measuring Tourism Intensification in Urban Destinations: An Approach Based on Fractal Analysis." Journal of Travel Research , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 28 February 2019 in ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information
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OpenStreetMap (OSM) is a free, open-access Volunteered geographic information (VGI) platform that has been widely used over the last decade as a source for Land Use Land Cover (LULC) mapping and visualization. However, it is known that the spatial coverage and accuracy of OSM data are not evenly distributed across all regions, with urban areas being likelier to have promising contributions (in both quantity and quality) than rural areas. The present study used OSM data history to generate LULC datasets with one-year timeframes as a way to support regional and rural multi-temporal LULC mapping. We evaluated the degree to which the different OSM datasets agreed with two existing reference datasets (CORINE Land Cover and the official Portuguese Land Cover Map). We also evaluated whether our OSM dataset was of sufficiently high quality (in terms of both completeness accuracy and thematic accuracy) to be used as a sampling data source for multi-temporal LULC maps. In addition, we used the near boundary tag accuracy criterion to assesses the fitness of the OSM data for producing training samples, with promising results. For each annual dataset, the completeness ratio of the coverage area for the selected study area was low. Nevertheless, we found high thematic accuracy values (ranged from 77.3% to 91.9%). Additionally, the training samples thematic accuracy improved as they moved away from the features’ boundaries. Features with larger areas (> 10 ha), e.g., Agriculture and Forest, had a steadily positive correlation between training samples accuracy and distance to feature boundaries

ACS Style

Cláudia M. Viana; Luis Encalada; Jorge Rocha. The value of OpenStreetMap Historical Contributions as a Source of Sampling Data for Multi‑temporal Land Use/Cover Maps. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 2019, 8, 116 .

AMA Style

Cláudia M. Viana, Luis Encalada, Jorge Rocha. The value of OpenStreetMap Historical Contributions as a Source of Sampling Data for Multi‑temporal Land Use/Cover Maps. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2019; 8 (3):116.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Cláudia M. Viana; Luis Encalada; Jorge Rocha. 2019. "The value of OpenStreetMap Historical Contributions as a Source of Sampling Data for Multi‑temporal Land Use/Cover Maps." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3: 116.

Journal article
Published: 13 December 2017 in Sustainability
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As cities become increasingly complex, Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) bring smartness into organisations and communities, contributing to a more competitive tourism destination, i.e., smart tourism destinations. Enhanced information access coupled with a new kind of tourists avid for online content and predisposed to share information on social media, allows for a better understanding of tourist behaviour regarding their spatial distribution in urban destinations. Thus, smart tourism portrays individuals as information makers, refining the available alternatives for tracking their location. Big data analytics is a technology with the potential to develop Smart City services. From the analysis of the spatial distribution of tourists in the city of Lisbon based on data collected from the ‘Panoramio’ social network, we identify the most popular places in the city in a context of tourist visits. This new data largely contributes to understanding the consumption of space within urban tourist destinations and therefore enables us to differentiate the overcrowded places from the ones with potential to grow. This allows decision-makers to imagine new ways of planning and managing towards a sustainable ‘smart’ future.

ACS Style

Luis Encalada; Inês Boavida-Portugal; Carlos Cardoso Ferreira; Jorge Rocha. Identifying Tourist Places of Interest Based on Digital Imprints: Towards a Sustainable Smart City. Sustainability 2017, 9, 2317 .

AMA Style

Luis Encalada, Inês Boavida-Portugal, Carlos Cardoso Ferreira, Jorge Rocha. Identifying Tourist Places of Interest Based on Digital Imprints: Towards a Sustainable Smart City. Sustainability. 2017; 9 (12):2317.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Luis Encalada; Inês Boavida-Portugal; Carlos Cardoso Ferreira; Jorge Rocha. 2017. "Identifying Tourist Places of Interest Based on Digital Imprints: Towards a Sustainable Smart City." Sustainability 9, no. 12: 2317.