Factors such as the selection of cultivars and the planted density affect the development and yield of peanuts (Arachis hypogaea L.). This study’s objective was to evaluate peanut cultivars’ agronomic behavior under three planting densities in the northeast of Peru. The design used was randomized complete blocks (DBCAs) with a bifactorial arrangement 4A × 3B (factor A, peanut cultivars; factor B, planting densities), forming 12 treatments with three replications per block. The results revealed that T3 (Huayabamba cultivar + density of 30 × 50 cm) stood out, presenting the most favorable means in the number of pods (16 pods), number of seeds per pod (five seeds), height at 90 days (22.7 cm), and yield (1850 kg/ha). Empty pods did not show significant differences between treatments. T8 (Chivita cultivar + density of 20 × 50 cm) indicated the highest number of branches (six branches); in the weight of 100 seeds, the Rojo Tarapoto cultivar was the most encouraging, adapting optimally to the three densities. In addition, T7 (chivita cultivar + density of 10 × 50 cm) showed the shortest days at flowering and harvest, with 64 and 134 days. The study showed that T3 was the most efficient in pod and seed production, making it crucial to optimizing peanut yield.

The relevance of scientific research to local challenges and the need to produce actionable knowledge that benefits local development have not been evaluated. This study evaluates whether scientific research focused on the Amazonas region is framed within its five regional components of the Concerted Regional Development Plan (CRDP) to achieve sustainable development. In this study, 386 scientific articles published during 1960–2021 focusing on the Amazonas region were evaluated. Although Amazonas is the third poorest region in Peru, scientific production in this region has largely increased (CAGR_2001-2021 = 16.4%). However, women and indigenous authors are underrepresented suggesting a unilateral knowledge transfer. The highest scientific contribution was reported for component 1 of the CRDP (58%), centering on topics about the conservation of biodiversity and ecosystem services. Scientific research focusing on the Amazonas region fails to fully aboard the overall sustainable components of the CRDP. Social sciences are clearly understudied. It is the role of regional institutions (government, universities, industry, non-profit, etc.) to ensure the extension of research topics covering other dimensions of scientific knowledge and social needs. Conclusively, it is pending that local policymakers take into consideration emerging disciplines that can provide an updated perspective in developmental policies in the Amazonas region.

Entomopathogenic fungi represent the pinnacle of efficacy among biological control agents when combating insect pests within natural ecosystems, combating them without altering the environment. This study aimed to isolate and characterize the morphology, physiology, and pathogenicity of native isolates of Metarhizium sp. isolated from soil samples from the province of Rodriguez de Mendoza. Eighteen native isolates of Metarhizium sp. were isolated and characterized. Colony coloration varied between yellow-gray, white, brown, and olive, with feathery or wavy edges. As for radial growth, the highest averages were obtained by isolates LLM-M2 and TOR-M16, with 43.15 mm and 42.85 mm, respectively. Conidia production at 15 days was higher for isolate LLM-M2 with 9.8 × 10⁷ conidia/mL; in the percentage of germination at 14 h, the treatment that reached 100% germination was TOR-M16. Isolate CMR-M7 reached 97.49% mycelial growth percentage at 288 h, being the best result; in the percentage of mortality in CBB adults, the treatments that reached 100% were TOR-M9, TOR-M16, and MNR-M1. In general, the results demonstrate the entomopathogenic potential of native isolates of Metarhizium sp. acting as biocontrol agents of Hypothenemus hampei, being a low-cost, easily accessible, and environmentally friendly alternative.

• An efficient regeneration protocol was established for P. peruviana. • The combination of ZT, mT, and IBA allowed maximum regeneration (62.50%). • In vitro recalcitrance was overcome by the combination of cytokines and auxins.