Ceracris nigricornis Walker is an insect of the Acrididae, which can harm bamboo, rice, corn, sorghum and other crops, and can cause serious economic losses. In this study, based on 234 occurrence sites of C. nigricornis obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility and literature, and data of three future climate scenarios presented by CMIP6, two niche models (GARP, MaxEnt) were used to predict the suitable area of C. nigricornis in China. The result shows that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of C. nigricornis are min temperature of coldest month (bio6), mean temperature of coldest quarter (bio11), precipitation of driest month (bio14) and precipitation of wettest quarter (bio16). From the result of MaxEnt model, it can be seen that the suitable area of C. nigricornis in China is 128.91 × 10⁴ km² under current scenario. It will decrease by 3.19% in the 2050s and then increase by 12.04% in the 2090s under the SSP1‐2.6 scenario, increase by 5.79% in the 2050s and then decrease by 7.53% in the 2090s under the SSP2‐4.5 scenario, and increase by 33.03% in 2050s and then decrease by 23.31% in the 2090s under SSP5‐8.5 scenario. From the result of GARP model, it can be seen that the suitable area of C. nigricornis in China is 166.09 × 10⁴ km² under current scenario. It will increase by 8.41% in 2050s and then continue to increase by 6.11% in 2090s under SSP1‐2.6 scenario, increase by 23.84% in the 2050s and then decrease by 0.88% in the 2090s under the SSP2‐4.5 scenario, and increase by 34.37% in 2050s and then decrease by 1.75% in 2090s under SSP5‐8.5 scenario. The boundaries of suitable areas will expand to the north and southwest of China under future climate change scenarios, specially in Sichuan, Chongqing and Yunnan. Local forestry authorities should strengthen the monitoring of bamboo forests to prevent the damage caused by the introduction of C. nigricornis.

Background: Morus alba L. (family Moraceae) is widely cultivated across the world and is well-known for its medicinal and nutritional value, especially its leaves. This study investigates the regional variation in mulberry leaf metabolites, focusing on alkaloids and flavonoids, and explores the influence of climatic and environmental factors on their biosynthesis using an integrated metabolomic and environmental analysis. Mulberry leaves, known for their medicinal and nutritional value, were collected from six regions across China, including Sichuan, Xinjiang, and Tibet. Methods: Untargeted metabolomics via UHPLC-MS was conducted. Differential metabolites were identified through multivariate analysis and annotated using the KEGG database. Redundancy analysis was used to link metabolite profiles with climatic data. Results: Mulberry leaves from six Chinese regions showed significant variation in total flavonoid content (TFC), total polyphenol content (TPC), and 1-Deoxynojirmycin (DNJ), with Tibet having the highest TFC and TPC, and Panzhihua the highest DNJ. Metabolomic analysis identified 3794 metabolites, revealing distinct regional clustering. A total of 79 differential metabolites were identified, which are enriched in pathways such as galactose metabolism and phenylalanine biosynthesis. Environmental factors, especially bio3, bio10, bio2, bio5, and bio20, strongly influenced metabolite profiles. Conclusions: The biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites in mulberry leaves are significantly influenced by region-specific environmental factors, particularly temperature, precipitation, and light. The identified differential metabolites are mainly enriched in galactose metabolism, arginine, and proline metabolism, and phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis. These pathways are closely associated with plant stress responses and the synthesis of secondary metabolites. The pronounced regional differences in metabolite profiles underscore the critical role of environmental factors in determining the chemical composition of mulberry leaves. This research provides valuable insights into the influence of climatic factors affecting the chemical composition of plants. It lays a theoretical foundation for the quality assessment and grading of mulberry leaves, providing scientific guidance for their targeted cultivation and utilization.

Ceracris kiangsu Tsai (C. kiangs) is a kind of forest pest, which can harm nearly 100 kinds of weeds and crops. In this study, based on 314 species distribution points of C. kiangsu which were obtained from Chinese herbaria, literatures and investigation, and data of three future climate scenarios presented by CMIP6, two niche models (Garp, Maxent) were used to predict the suitable area of C. kiangsu in China. The result shows that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of C. kiangsu are precipitation of driest month (bio14) and min temperature of coldest month (bio6). No matter now and future, the potential distribution areas of C. kiangsu in China are mainly in the south of Qinling–Huaihe River. Under current scenarios, the areas of the total, highly, moderately and poorly suitable of C. kiangsu in China are 160.65 × 10⁴ km², 31.70 × 10⁴ km², 60.36 × 10⁴ km² and 68.59 × 10⁴ km² respectively. The southern Hubei, western Jiangxi and eastern Hunan are highly-suitable areas. Under SSP1-2.6 and SSP2-4.5 scenarios, both the total suitable area and the highly suitable show a decreasing tread in 2050s. Compared to the 2050s, the total suitable area will coninue to decease in 2090s under SSP1-2.6, while it will increase under SSP2-4.5. The highly suitable area will increase in both scenarios, and the increased percentage under SSP2-4.5 is greater than that under SSP1-2.6. Under SSP5-8.5 scenarios, the total suitable area will increase by 1.83% in the 2050s, and decrease by 1.17% in the 2090s. The highly suitable area in the 2050s and 2090s under this scenarios is larger than under current scenarios. No matter what the scenario, the southern part of Yunnan, the southeast of Sichuan and the southwest of Chongqing will become highly-suitable areas as the climate continues to warm and should be monitored more cosely.

Ratoon rice is a special cultivation system developed based on the regenerative capacity of rice axillary buds. Its core mechanism lies in regulating the regeneration potential of stubble axillary buds through agronomic practices. After harvesting the main‐season rice, dormant buds are induced to sprout and form secondary tillers, which eventually develop into effective panicles, thereby achieving “one planting with two harvests.” In this study, 167 occurrence records of ratoon rice, nine environmental variables, and three future climate scenarios proposed in CMIP6 (SSP1‐2.6, SSP2‐4.5, and SSP5‐8.5) were used to predict the suitable cultivation area of ratoon rice in China using the MaxEnt model. The results showed that the main environmental factors influencing the distribution of ratoon rice were accumulated temperature during the safe growth period, length of the safe growth period, altitude, hydrothermal coefficient in August, mean temperature in September, and precipitation from March to September. The optimal ranges of these factors were 4314°C–5497°C, 191–225 days, 0–511 m, 0.3–11.4, and 21.0°C–25.2°C, respectively. Under the current climate scenario, the potential suitable area of ratoon rice in China was mainly distributed south of the Qinling–Huaihe line (92.39°–121.96° E, 18.23°–30.36° N), covering a total area of 193.90 × 10 ⁴ km ² . Compared with the current scenario, the total suitable area of ratoon rice is projected to increase by 5.5%–11.9% in the 2050s and by 8.5%–9.6% in the 2090s under the three climate scenarios. By the 2050s, the suitable and highly suitable areas in Sichuan and Chongqing show little change across the three climate scenarios, whereas the suitable areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River increase markedly. The newly expanded suitable areas are mainly concentrated in southern Hunan, the central parts of Hubei, Jiangxi, and Anhui, and western Zhejiang. By the 2090s, the suitable and highly suitable areas in Sichuan and Chongqing still exhibit little change under the three climate scenarios, while the highly suitable areas in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River continue to expand, with newly added highly suitable zones comparable to those in the 2050s. Accordingly, we infer that autumn thermal conditions north of the Qinling–Huaihe line will remain a limiting factor for the northward expansion of ratoon rice, whereas moderately increased autumn temperatures south of the Qinling–Huaihe line will be favorable for ratoon rice cultivation. Most moderately and marginally suitable zones in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River are expected to shift into highly or moderately suitable zones, especially in southern Hunan, the central parts of Hubei, Jiangxi and Anhui, and western Zhejiang, where new highly suitable areas are projected to emerge. These regions could therefore be prioritized for appropriately scaled ratoon rice cultivation in the future.

In order to find out the potential suitable areas of Ceracris Kiangsu Tsai in China, and do a good job in early monitoring. Based on 314 species distribution points of C.kiangsu which were obtained from Chinese herbaria, literatures and investigation, and data of three future climate scenarios presented by CMIP6, two niche models (Garp, Maxent) were used to predict the suitable area of C.kiangsu in China. The result shows that the main environmental factors affecting the distribution of C.kiangsu are precipitation of driest month (bio14) and min temperature of coldest month (bio6). No matter now and future, the potential distribution areas of C. kiangsu in China are mainly in the south of Qinling-Huaihe River. The southern part of Hubei, the western part of Jiangxi and the eastern part of Hunan are highly-suitable areas for C. kiangsu under current scenario. As the climate warms in the future scenarios, the southern part of Yunnan, the southeast of Sichuan and the southwest of Chongqing will also become highly-suitable areas. It can be seen that the local vegetation and climate conditions of these areas mentioned above are more suitable for the survival of C. kiangsu. It is recommended that the local forestry authorities strengthen the monitoring of bamboo forests to prevent the damage caused by the introduction of C. kiangsu.