Ligilactobacillus salivarius (basonym: Lactobacillus salivarius, L. salivarius) is a type of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) commonly found in the oropharyngeal-gastrointestinal tract (OGT). It has gained significant attention due to its probiotic and functional properties as well as its various health-promoting roles. L. salivarius strains exhibit strong resistance and adhesion in the OGT along with outstanding antioxidant and antimicrobial properties. Additionally, numerous L. salivarius strains have the ability to produce bacteriocins with antagonistic activity. These probiotic characteristics of L. salivarius indicate its remarkable potential in promoting favorable effects on human health. It has also been observed that L. salivarius has a positive effect on the composition of intestinal microbiota, thereby improving the metabolic profiling of intestinal microbiota, promoting a healthy and balanced internal environment. In recent years, multi-omics technologies such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabolomics have been employed to gain a deeper understanding of the roles and mechanisms of L. salivarius associated with its functional properties. This review aims to provide an overview of the probiotic characteristics of L. salivarius, containing its specific interactions with the host microflora, as well as insights from omics studies.

Antifungalmycin N2 (3-methyl-3,5-amino-4-vinyl-2-pyrone, C6H7O2N) is a novel bioactive substance produced by Streptomyces sp. N2. In this present work, the antagonistic activity of antifungalmycin N2 and its biocontrol efficacy on Rhizoctonia solani were carried out to evaluate its potential as a biocontrol agent against fungal plant diseases. By using potato dextrose agar media for in vitro cultivation of phytopathogenic fungi, the results showed that antifungalmycin N2 not only displayed broad-spectrum antifungal activities against various plant pathogenic fungi, but also had a strong antagonism to the sclerotial germination of R. solani. In a detached leaf assay, it was found that antifungalmycin N2 could effectively protect the rice leaves form the infection of R. solani, resulting in a significantly reduced sheath blight severity on the surfaces of rice leaves. In the pot experiments, the results also revealed that significantly lower sheath blight infections occurred in the tissues of the treated rice plants, which further confirmed that antifungalmycin N2 had a favorable biocontrol efficacy on rice sheath blight. In conclusion, the above results indicated that the novel antifungalmycin N2 was one of promising biocontrol agents for plant disease control.