Alloyed Ductile iron, austenitized at 840 °C for 30 min in a special sealed austempering furnace, was austempered for 30 min in molten salt mixture at 4 trial temperatures of 300 °C, 320 °C, 340 °C and 360 °C. Tensile strength, yield strength, percentage elongation and impact energy were evaluated for the as-cast and austempered samples. Microstructures were investigated using microscopy, coupled with analyzing software and a scanning electron microscopy. The specific wear of samples was tested using pin-on-disc wear testing machine. X-ray diffraction was performed to calculate the amount of retained austenite present in the ausferrite matrix. As-cast microstructure consists of ferrite and pearlite, whereas austempered ductile iron (ADI) contains a mixture of acicular ferrite and carbon enriched austenite, called “ausferrite”. Hardness and strength decreased, whereas ductility and impact strength improved with an increase in the austempering temperature. XRD analysis revealed that the increase in austempering temperature increased the retained austenite content. A decrease in wear resistance with austempering temperature was observed. Modified Quality Index (MQI) values were envisaged, incorporating tensile strength, elongation and wear resistance. MQI for samples austempered at 340 °C and 360 °C showed a better combination of properties. About an 8% reduction in energy consumption was gained when the heat treatment parameters were optimized.

In this article, the effect of two variables namely nickel content and austempering heat treatment temperature on mechanical and microstructural properties of ADI were investigated. Four Nickel content levels of 0.0, 0.6, 0.8 and 1% and three austempering temperatures of 320, 340 and 360°C were selected. Prior to austempering, all the samples were austenitized for 30 min at 840°C. The microstructure of austempered alloys mainly consisted of a mixture of needle like acicular ferrite and carbon stabilized austenitic matrix. The increase in Ni content improved the strength and hardness and it reached its peak at 0.8%. The microstructures also became finer with increase in Ni content as confirmed by Impact energy and elongation. Nodularity was found to be above 90% for all alloys at all austempering temperatures. However, the nodule counts increased with increase in Ni content up to 0.8% and then dropped. XRD analysis was done to estimate the retained austenite content present in the ausferrite matrix and it was concluded that for any given Nickel content level, the retained austenite content increases with austempering temperature. Nickel of 0.8% was found to be optimum for all austempering temperatures.

Investigating the mechanical properties of polymer nanocomposite materials has been greatly increased in the last decade. In particular, flexural strength plays a major role in resisting bending and shear loads of a composite material. Here, one dimensional (1D) tellurium nanowires (TeNWs) reinforced epoxy composites have been prepared and the flexural properties of resulted TeNWs/epoxy nanocomposites are studied. The diameter and length of the TeNWs used to make TeNWs/epoxy nanocomposites are 21±2.5 nm and 697±87 nm, respectively. Plain and TeNWs/epoxy nanocomposites are characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and differential thermal analysis (DTA). Furthermore, significant enhancement in the flexural strength of TeNWs/epoxy nanocomposite is observed in comparison to plain epoxy composite, i.e. flexural strength is increased by 65% with the addition of very little amount of TeNWs content (0.05 wt.%) to epoxy polymer. Structural details of plain and TeNWs/epoxy at micrometer scale were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). We believe that our results provide a new type of semiconductor nanowires based high strength epoxy polymer nanocomposites.