Objective: This study aimed to (1) characterize cardiometabolic factors in self-reported hip and knee osteoarthritis (OAD) across four body composition phenotypes defined by muscle mass and adiposity, and (2) associate risk factors with diabetes and hypertension (HTN). Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the Chilean National Health Survey 2016–17 (n = 4996) stratified participants into four groups: low skeletal muscle mass/high waist circumference (Low-SMM/High-WC), low SMM/low WC (Low-SMM/Low-WC), high SMM/high WC (High-SMM/High-WC), and high SMM/low WC (reference group). Each group was further divided into subgroups with or without diagnosed hip or knee OAD. The main outcomes were fasting plasma glucose, systolic (SBP)/diastolic (DBP) blood pressure (continuous outcomes), and other secondary factors such as cardiovascular risk (CVR). Results: In the hip OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value (145 vs. 127 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +18 mmHg). In the knee OAD subgroup, the Low-SMM/High-WC groups had significantly higher SBP versus the reference value (141 vs. 134 mmHg, p < 0.0001, diff +7 mmHg). The SBP showed a significant interaction between the group and OAD diagnosis (p = 0.007 hip OAD; p < 0.0001 knee OAD). Conclusions: Hip and knee OAD associates with elevated SBP/DBP in older adults. OAD groups showed an OR above 2 for diabetes, 2.7 for HTN, 4.5 for metabolic syndrome, and over 2 for moderate-to-high cardiovascular risk. OAD interacts substantially with cardiometabolic factors, especially in low muscle mass/high adiposity phenotypes. Lifestyle optimization of physical activity and nutrition to preserve muscle mass and mitigate adiposity is essential for cardiometabolic health promotion in OAD patients.

Background/Objectives: Cancer pathophysiology involves metabolic disturbances, and exercise improves muscle metabolism, but little is known about the effect of concurrent high-intensity interval plus resistance training (CT_HIIT+RT) on the resting and exercise metabolism of breast cancer survivors with risk factors related to metabolic syndrome (MetS). The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 8 weeks of CT_HIIT+RT on the fat and carbohydrate (CHO) metabolism during rest and progressive exercise post-exercise intervention in breast cancer survivors with histories of high- and low-volume chemotherapy. Methods: An experimental study was conducted in which (n = 21) women breast cancer survivors (age: 58.7 ± 8.7 years) were divided by history of high- (HV_chemo, ≥8 to 16 sessions, n = 10) or low-volume (LV_chemo, ≤7 chemo sessions, n = 11) chemotherapy. The fat (RFAT_ox) and CHO oxidation during 10 min of resting was measured (i.e., including the area under curve [AUC] points within this time), as well as the fat (ExFAT_ox) and CHO (ExCHO_ox) oxidation during progressive exercise, before and after 8 weeks of CT_HIIT+RT by indirect calorimetry. Additionally, risk factors related to MetS were described from pre- to post-intervention. Results: At rest, the HV_chemo group showed significant increases in the AUC of RFAT_ox (∆ + 23.7, p < 0.0001), similar to the LV_chemo group (∆ + 14.0, p < 0.0001). The HV_chemo group showed significant increases in the AUC of RCHO_ox (∆ + 109.7, p < 0.0001), similar to the LV_chemo group (∆ + 107.5, p < 0.0001). During progressive exercise, the ExFAT_ox was increased in the HV_chemo group (∆ + 0.12 g/min, p = 0.006), similar to the ExCHO_ox (∆ + 0.52 g/min, p = 0.013) of this group. The proportion of subjects categorized with MetS were significantly reduced in blood pressure, Glu and triglyceride components. Conclusions: Eight weeks of CT_HIIT+RT may promote favorable metabolic and cardiometabolic adaptations in breast cancer survivors regardless of the chemotherapy exposure volume. However, these findings should be interpreted cautiously due to the small sample size and lack of a true non-exercise control group.

The study compares objective methods of assessing the intensity of physical activity. The goal was to identify the differences in physical activity intensity measured through indirect calorimetry and triaxial accelerometry on the wrist and waist, using the counts cut-off points for the accelerometers and ventilatory threshold one (VT1) and two (VT2). This research is a cross-sectional analytical study of university women (n = 35, 22.4 ± 1.9 years old). Triaxial accelerometers and portable ergospirometry were used during an incremental standardized walking-jogging test in an oval track of 160 m length (speed increments every minute with an audible signal from 0.84 m/s to 2.37 m/s). Accelerometry (from wrist and waist), oxygen consumption, and ventilatory response data were collected during the test. VT1 and VT2 were estimated through VSlope (VO2/VCO2) and carbon dioxide production/minute ventilation (VCO2/VE), respectively. An open-source statistical software was used. All the participants were able to finish the test. VT1 was found in stage 2 (n = 5), stage 3 (n = 5), stage 4 (n = 3), stage 5 (n = 8), stage 6 (n = 5), stage 7 (n = 3), stage 8 (n = 1), and in stage 9 (n = 5). VT2 was found during the incremental test only in 9 volunteers, in stage 7 (n = 2), in stage 8 (n = 3), stage 9 (n = 2), and stage 10 (n = 2). Differences between wrist and waist accelerometer measurements were observed in higher intensity stages of the test. Higher PA intensity measurements were found in the wrist, mainly above VT1. Also, there were differences between physical activity intensity levels detected by accelerometers and VT1 and VT2. The commonly used methods to assess physical activity intensity show no agreement in identifying the speed at which vigorous-intensity physical activity begins during an incremental test.