In order to find solutions to current worldwide environmental problems, it is crucial to develop sustainable nanomaterials, ideally with multifunctional properties. Considering this, novel TiO₂-SnO₂@NMs (noble metals: Au and Ag) composites, for use as sustainable nanomaterials, were successfully prepared via a two-step synthesis process consisting of laser pyrolysis followed by the chemical impregnation of the collected materials with noble metals. The addition of SnO₂ favors the transformation of TiO₂ from a mixture with a majority Anatase phase to one with a Rutile phase majority. With consideration for their level of environmental toxicity, the features of the synthesized nanomaterials were structurally, morphologically, and optically described and assessed for environmental protection applications as gas sensors and photocatalysts. In the case of the Surface Acoustic Wave sensor, based on a pure TiO₂ nanopowder, a notable difference in the frequency shift was detected in comparison to the other examined sensors. All sensors responded to the CH₄ concentrations tested (0.02–0.1%). On the other hand, when methyl orange was photodegraded under visible light, the results obtained using NMs for decoration revealed that the photocatalytic activity of TiO₂-SnO₂@NMs was significantly improved compared to the TiO₂-SnO₂ binary composite, which already has an enhanced photocatalytic activity, compared to pure TiO₂. Overall, this work produces nanoparticles that exhibit better sensory and photocatalytic features, as well as higher levels of biocompatibility with skin cells, for use as eco-friendly nanomaterials for a sustainable future.

The laser pyrolysis technique was used in the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanopowders in the presence of ethanol vapors as a sensitizer. This technique uses the energy from a continuous-wave CO₂ laser operating at a 9.25 μm wavelength, which is transferred to the reactive precursors via the excited ethanol molecules, inducing a rapid heating of the argon-entrained Fe(CO)₅ vapors in the presence of oxygen. For a parametric study, different samples were prepared by changing the percentages of sensitizer in the reactive mixture. Moreover, the raw samples were thermally treated at different temperatures and their morpho-structural and magnetic properties were investigated. The results indicated a high degree of crystallinity (mean ordered dimension) and enhanced magnetic properties when high percentages of ethanol vapors were employed. On the contrary, at low ethanol concentrations, due to a decrease in the reaction temperature, nanoparticles with a very low size were synthesized. The raw particles have a dimension in the range of 2.5 to 10 nm (XRD and TEM). Most of them exhibited superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature, with saturation magnetization values up to 60 emu/g. The crystalline phase detected in samples is mainly maghemite, with a decreased carbon presence (up to 8 at%). In addition to the expected Fe-OH on the particles surfaces, C (and O) bearing functional groups such as C-OH or C=O that act as a supplementary hydrophilic agent in water-based suspension were detected. Using the as-synthesized and thermally treated nanopowders, water suspensions without or with hydrophilic agents (CMCNa, L-Dopa, chitosan) were prepared by means of a horn ultrasonic homogenizer at 0.5 mg/mL concentrations. DLS analyzes revealed that some powder suspensions maintained stable agglomerates over time, with a mean size of 100 nm, pH values between 4.8 and 5.3, and zeta-potential values exceeding 40 mV. All tested agents greatly improved the stability of 250–450 °C thermally treated NPs, with L-Dopa and Chitosan inducing smaller hydrodynamic sizes.

Silicon–tin (Si–Sn) nanocomposites are viable anode substitutes for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) as they have the high theoretical storage capacities of lithium (4200 mAh g ⁻¹ (Si) and 994 mAh g ⁻¹ (Sn)), which are significantly more than those of graphite (372 mAh g ⁻¹ ). The Si and Sn cannot be used widely due to their extreme volume expansion during cycling, which results in limited structural stability and quick capacity deterioration. Herein, a nanocomposite based on reduced graphene oxide and nanoparticles containing silicon and tin species (Sn/Si@reduced graphene oxide (RGO)) is presented as a potential solution to mitigate these challenges by incorporating rGO to enhance the electrochemical performance. This nanocomposite demonstrates a high discharge capacity of 1506.91 mAh g ⁻¹ at a current density of 0.55 A g ⁻¹ after 205 cycles. In contrast, the Sn/Si nanoparticles only kept 125.85 mAh g ⁻¹ after the same number of cycles. Sn/Si@rGO nanocomposite improved electrochemical performance due to the conductive network provided by rGO, which adapts to volume variations during cycling and facilitates charge transfer. Results from galvanostatic testing, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy support the idea that Sn/Si @rGO nanocomposites could be a high-performance anode material for next-generation LIBs.

TiO₂ nanoparticles were synthesized by laser pyrolysis from TiCl₄ vapor in air in the presence of ethylene as sensitizer at different working pressures (250–850 mbar) with and without further calcination at 450 °C. The obtained powders were analyzed by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, and transmission electron microscopy. Also, specific surface area and photoluminescence with optical absorbance were evaluated. By varying the synthesis parameters (especially the working pressure), different TiO₂ nanopowders were obtained, whose photodegradation properties were tested compared to a commercial Degussa P25 sample. Two series of samples were obtained. Series “a” includes thermally treated TiO₂ nanoparticles (to remove impurities) that have different proportions of the anatase phase (41.12–90.74%) mixed with rutile and small crystallite sizes of 11–22 nm. Series “b” series represents nanoparticles with high purity, which did not require thermal treatment after synthesis (ca. 1 atom % of impurities). These nanoparticles show an increased anatase phase content (77.33–87.42%) and crystallite sizes of 23–45 nm. The TEM images showed that in both series small crystallites form spheroidal nanoparticles with dimensions of 40–80 nm, whose number increases with increasing the working pressure. The photocatalytic properties have been investigated regarding the photodegradation of ethanol vapors in Ar with 0.3% O₂ using P25 powder as reference under simulated solar light. During the irradiation H₂ gas production has been detected for the samples from series “b”, whereas the CO₂ evolution was observed for all samples from series “a”.