Fractured rock mass is a relatively complex medium in nature. It plays a key role in various projects, such as geotechnical engineering, mining engineering and tunnel engineering. Especially, the interaction between fissures has a practical function in the guidance of safe production. This paper takes its research object as rock-like material which contains prefabricated parallel double fissures. It studies how the fissures’ length difference and spacing influence the failure of specimens under uniaxial compression, and analyzes them with fracture mechanics theory. The results include two aspects. Firstly, no matter how the length difference and spacing change, the upper fissure always generates new cracks. Secondly, the length difference and spacing produce three effects on the lower fissure. (1) The fissure propagates less obviously as the length difference increases. With the increase to 40mm, the propagation does not occur at all. (2) The decrease of spacing weakens the propagation. As it is reduced to 5 mm, the propagation stops. (3) The crack propagation is more sensitive to length difference than spacing. Regardless of spacing changes, if a length difference is large enough (40 mm or more), the new crack does not expand, while if it is small enough (10 mm or less), propagation always appears.

In this paper, the large deformation mechanism of deep dynamic pressure roadway is studied from the perspective of the formation and development of plastic zone, and creep and damage of rock mass. The results show that (a) the butterfly‐shaped plastic zone is a nonstable plastic zone, and its unique stress sensitivity and rock formation difference are important causes of disasters such as large deformation of deep roadway. (b) Established a creep model of anchored surrounding rock. Due to the existence of rock mass damage and creep, the range of the plastic zone of the surrounding rock is always dynamic. (c) Explain the mechanism of large deformation of surrounding rock in deep roadway. The source of large deformation of deep dynamic roadway lies in the formation of unstable plastic duct‐shaped zone, and the interference of external factors such as tectonic stress and mining disturbance is the main way to change the plastic zone from stable to unsteady. In addition, the increase in rock mass damage and creep promotes the continuous development of the plastic zone, which eventually leads to the large deformation of the surrounding rock of the roadway. (d) Guided by the deformation mechanism of the surrounding rock in the deep dynamic pressure roadway, the corresponding roadway support technology was proposed for the test roadway, and the better support effect was obtained through the test.

The booming new energy industry has fueled a surge in global lithium demand, with the annual demand for lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) equivalent (LCE) projected to reach 11.2 million tons by 2050. As a key raw material for lithium extraction, spodumene generates approximately 10–15 tons of lithium slag per ton of lithium carbonate (Li₂CO₃) produced. However, the comprehensive utilization rate of lithium slag in China remains below 30%, and most of it is disposed of through landfilling, posing soil pollution risks. This review summarizes the main lithium extraction processes from spodumene: the sulfuric acid method (with a lithium recovery rate of over 96% but high acid consumption); alkali processes (achieving 96%–99% lithium recovery and featuring low equipment corrosion, yet with untested applicability to low-grade ores); salt roasting (simplifying purification processes but only achieving ~60% sulfate recovery); and chlorination roasting (with a lithium recovery rate of over 95% but requiring strict safety controls). Additionally, this review covers the resource utilization of lithium slag: 8–10 million tons of gypsum can be recovered annually (filling 16%–20% of China’s industrial by-product gypsum supply gap); the silica–alumina micro-powder can enhance concrete strength and reduce glass fiber production costs; and over 94% of tantalum (Ta) and niobium (Nb) can be recovered from fine tantalite concentrate slag. Key research gaps and future development directions are also identified to support the low-carbon development of the lithium industry.

In order to solve the difficult problem of supporting roadway with large cross section and broken surrounding rock, the large‐section inclined shaft of Pingdingshan Coal Mine is taken as the research instance. In this paper, a modified formula for the Terzaghi ultimate bearing capacity of a foundation is established based on rock mass strength criteria. As per the engineering practice, the maximum roof pressure of the inclined shaft is calculated to be 2.7 MPa, and the minimum pressure value from the modified formula is only 0.3 MPa. In order to control the floor heave of the roadway, a U‐type steel inverted arch and bolts support scheme was designed. After calculating through the mechanical model of the inverted arch, its bearing capacity is 0.56 Mpa. Through comparison and analysis of various supporting schemes, finally, the “U‐type steel + inverted arch + pouring concrete + backwall grouting” technology is selected, and the engineering practice shows that the supporting scheme can effectively improve surrounding rock stability.

The phenomenon of peripheral rock instability is more common in crushed bedrock roadways, and the fundamental reason for this lies in the significantly different characteristics of its peripheral rock stress field. Taking the newly dug belt inclined shaft of PingDingShan TianAn Coal Co., Ltd. No. 6 Mine as the engineering background, a mechanical model of a broken perimeter rock roadway was established by using classical rock mechanics theory. Stress distribution around the roadway of the broken perimeter rock medium was systematically analyzed, and radial and tangential stress formulas of the broken perimeter rock were deduced. Through the formula calculation, it was deduced that there was a stress drop in the intact surrounding rock outside the disturbed zone, and the radial stress of the intact surrounding rock in its deep part was relatively increased, while the tangential stress was relatively decreased. The existence of crushed surrounding rock increased the minimum principal stress and decreased the maximum principal stress of the unfractured surrounding rock, which proves that a well-maintained disturbed zone can play a lining role. Thus, a “U-shaped steel + inverted arch + bottom arch linkage beam + floor bolt compensation” support program was proposed. This joint support program easily forms a closed support structure, which is more effective in controlling the deformation of tunnel perimeter rock. The support structure can effectively resist the deformation of the surrounding rock and enhance bottom drum resistance. Through numerical simulation, it was concluded that the horizontal displacement of the two gangs was reduced by 70%, and the displacement of the top and bottom plates was reduced by 77% after optimization of the support, which effectively controlled the stability of the broken surrounding rock.