To promote the sustainable development of agriculture and forestry economy, it is of great significance to guide farmers to consciously pursue pro-environmental behaviors in the development of the understory economy. Based on field survey data from Yong’an city of Fujian Province and Luoshan County of Henan Province, factor analysis and Oprobit models were mainly used to analyze the influencing factors and influencing the degree of the pro-environmental behaviors of farmer households participating in the understory economy. Quantitative data showed that individual characteristics of farmers (i.e., gender, education, career, feasibility evaluation, and the proportion of farming labor to household labor) and forest land management status (i.e., forest land transfer, the working time in understory economy, and proportion of understory economic income) have an obvious effect on the adoption of pro-environmental behaviors. Findings also revealed three key variables (i.e., the farmers’ environmental perception, social constraints, and government incentives) that are associated with the willingness to adopt pro-environmental behaviors. The contribution ratios of the influencing factors were environmental perception, social constraints, and government incentives. In addition to economic benefits, perceptual factors and informal institutions also play an important role in driving farmers to adopt pro-environmental behaviors. Based on the findings, it is necessary to strengthen the publicity and the education of farmers, increase environmental responsibility, accelerate the establishment and improvement of ecological reward-and-punishment mechanisms, and enhance the training of green production techniques.

Tea farmers in Wuyishan National Park face the dual challenges of promoting sustainable tea production while adhering to strict ecological protection policies. This study investigates the key factors influencing tea farmers’ pro-environmental behavior and the transmission mechanisms that encourage the adoption of sustainable development. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the theory of externalities, and place attachment theory, 346 valid questionnaires were collected through household interviews across 12 villages within Wuyishan National Park and its surrounding areas. The results indicate that environmental responsibility and concern for community well-being are major motivators of pro-environmental behavior. Market orientation, production intensification, and adoption of clean technologies significantly enhance environmental outcomes at the farm level. While ecological compensation policies help offset the costs of conservation, their impact is constrained by inconsistencies in standard-setting and implementation. The establishment of the national park has enhanced pro-environmental behavior among farmers within the park and influenced those in peripheral areas by strengthening place attachment and social norms. Tea farmers in the core areas of the national park exhibit higher levels of pro-environmental behavior compared to those on the periphery. This study offers several policy recommendations and contributes new insights into understanding the mechanisms behind tea farmers’ pro-environmental behavior within national park contexts, providing valuable reference for pro-environmental practices in the global protected area system.

Forest tickets refer to a type of forest resource usufruct certificate characterized by “cooperative operation, quantification of rights and interests, free circulation, and guaranteed dividends”. It is an important means to build a market-oriented mechanism for realizing the value of ecological resources. Incomplete information, based on field survey data from thirteen villages in eight townships (towns) in Sanming City, Fujian Province, China, and a binary logit model were used to explore the moderating effects of factors affecting farmers’ willingness to participate in forest ticket trading, the heterogeneity of farmers, and social capital. We found the following: In an environment with incomplete information, farmers’ willingness to participate in forest ticket trading is influenced by heterogeneity expectations, social capital, government propaganda, and individual family characteristics. There are certain differences in the influencing factors and degree of farmers’ willingness to participate in forest ticket trading among different groups of farmers with different levels of education and part-time employment. Social capital can strengthen the positive impact of income expectations and policy sustainability expectations, and alleviate the negative impact of risk expectations.

Based on panel data from China’s 31 provinces and municipalities covering 2011–2023, this study constructs a multidimensional evaluation system for digital economic development and agricultural industrial chain resilience within the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework. It systematically examines the impact of the digital economy on agricultural industrial chain resilience and its sub-dimensions, while introducing green finance as a moderating variable. The findings reveal: First, the development of the digital economy significantly enhances the resilience of the agricultural industrial chain. This conclusion withstands multiple robustness tests, and the impact of the digital economy on the three dimensions of agricultural industrial chain resilience (resistance, recovery, and reconstruction) varies, particularly exhibiting a negative effect on reconstruction. Second, the enabling effect of the digital economy on agricultural industrial chain resilience shows a significant spatial gradient. Regionally, resilience is ranked as “Production-Sales Balance Zones > Main Sales Zones > Main Production Zones” within grain functional zones, and “Northeast > West > East > Central” across China’s four major economic regions. Third, green finance development exerts a negative moderating effect on the pathway through which the digital economy enhances agricultural supply chain resilience, higher green finance levels weaken the marginal improvement effect of the digital economy. This study fills research gaps regarding the multidimensional impact of digital economic development on agricultural industrial chain resilience and empirically supplements the lack of evidence on the negative moderating mechanism of green finance and its sub-dimensions, providing policy tools for agricultural modernization and resilience governance.

The resilience of forests refers to the ability of a forest to withstand disturbance and maintain its function and control. After an early phase of historical logging to support economic development, changes in the socio-ecological resilience of key state-owned forest areas in Northeastern China (later collectively referred to as Northeastern state-owned forests) after implementing a total logging ban policy remain unknown. In this study, the Northeast state-owned forest area was selected as the study area, and based on the panel data from 2008 to 2021, the indicator system at both social and ecological levels was established, and the socio-ecological resilience of the Northeast state-owned forest area was assessed using comprehensive weights and set-pair analysis. The results show that (1) the logging ban policy effectively improves socio-ecological resilience, which reached the highest point of the whole measurement period in 2018. (2) The socio-ecological system has a certain self-adjustment and resilience but has shown a decreasing trend in recent years. By exploring the causes behind the results, we can provide guidance and suggestions for the further implementation of the logging ban policy and, at the same time, provide some lessons for other developing countries with similar problems.

Evaluating the performance of multifunctionality is a necessary foundation for forest multifunctionality management. This study aims to comprehensively adopt multiple methods to construct a multifunctional evaluation system for natural spruce–fir forests and explore the impact of thinning intensity on the multifunctional management effect of spruce–fir. This article combines subjective and objective evaluation methods and selects three methods to construct an evaluation system: the Analytic Hierarchy Process, the combined entropy weight method, and the CRITIC method. The results showed that the consistency of the three evaluation methods is good, and according to the score based on the evaluation results, the multifunctional performance of the sample plot with a thinning intensity of 20% (average score of AHP method is 75.5; EWM is 91; CRITIC is 96.5) is significantly better than that of the sample plot with a thinning intensity of 40% (AHP is 65.3; EWM is 51; CRITIC is 48), both of which were significantly better than those of the untreated sample plot (AHP is 12.7; EWM is 18.7; CRITIC is 17.3). A coupling relationship model between multifunctional values and different functions, as well as a coupling relationship model between different functions and various indicators, were constructed based on the evaluation system. Finally, the forest stand with the highest multifunctional comprehensive value was selected as the reference for the target structure to construct the target structure system, which is convenient for actual management. This study found that there is a nurturing intensity (20%) that can best utilize the multiple functions of forests, which has practical significance for promoting forest multifunctionality in forest management. In addition, this study scientifically constructed and compared several evaluation systems for the multifunctional performance of forests, laying a certain foundation for forest multifunctional evaluation and future forest multifunctional management.