Tea farmers in Wuyishan National Park face the dual challenges of promoting sustainable tea production while adhering to strict ecological protection policies. This study investigates the key factors influencing tea farmers’ pro-environmental behavior and the transmission mechanisms that encourage the adoption of sustainable development. Based on the theory of planned behavior, the theory of externalities, and place attachment theory, 346 valid questionnaires were collected through household interviews across 12 villages within Wuyishan National Park and its surrounding areas. The results indicate that environmental responsibility and concern for community well-being are major motivators of pro-environmental behavior. Market orientation, production intensification, and adoption of clean technologies significantly enhance environmental outcomes at the farm level. While ecological compensation policies help offset the costs of conservation, their impact is constrained by inconsistencies in standard-setting and implementation. The establishment of the national park has enhanced pro-environmental behavior among farmers within the park and influenced those in peripheral areas by strengthening place attachment and social norms. Tea farmers in the core areas of the national park exhibit higher levels of pro-environmental behavior compared to those on the periphery. This study offers several policy recommendations and contributes new insights into understanding the mechanisms behind tea farmers’ pro-environmental behavior within national park contexts, providing valuable reference for pro-environmental practices in the global protected area system.

Building resilient livelihoods is fundamental to achieving sustainable rural development under escalating climate change. Inclusive agricultural insurance is promoted as a risk-management tool that can enhance sustainability, yet empirical evidence on its impact on the multifaceted capacity of households to cope, adapt, and transform remains limited. This study investigates the effect of inclusive agricultural insurance on rural households' livelihood resilience, using survey data from 3,661 households in China. We construct a multidimensional livelihood resilience index, integrating buffering capacity, self-organization, and learning capacity. Our findings reveal that the intensity of insurance participation significantly strengthens livelihood resilience. Risk shocks exhibit a double-edged effect: moderate shocks stimulate adaptive capacity, whereas severe shocks weaken the positive role of insurance, indicating diminishing marginal gains. Mechanism analysis confirms that insurance fosters resilience through two pathways: by enabling structural diversification of livelihood strategies and by ensuring timely post-disaster productive recovery expenditures. We conclude that inclusive insurance transcends its traditional role of loss compensation to function as a stabilizer of rural livelihoods. Policy interventions must, therefore, evolve from pursuing broad coverage to delivering high-quality protection, precision inclusion, and integrated risk governance. This transition is critical for safeguarding smallholder livelihoods, ensuring food security, and advancing Sustainable Development Goals in the face of a changing climate.