Guangdong Province is an important ecological barrier and the primary pillar of economic development in China. Driven by high-speed urbanization and industrialization, unreasonable land use change in Guangdong Province has exacerbated habitat degradation and loss, seriously affecting habitat quality. Thus, taking Guangdong Province as the study area, this paper quantifies the response of habitat quality on land use change using the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST) model and constructs a contribution index (CI). The following conclusions can be drawn from the results: (1) The habitat quality exhibits a spatial distribution pattern of low quality in plain areas and high quality in hilly and mountainous areas. (2) The annual average habitat quality gradually decreases from 1980 to 2020, with a total decrease of 0.0351 and a reduction rate of 4.83%; (3) The impact of land use change on habitat quality is mainly negative, and the habitat quality mainly decreases by the conversion of forest land to orchards, paddy field to urban land, and forest land to dry land, with CI values of −24.09, −11.67, and −8.04, respectively. Preventing the destruction of natural forests, increasing the diversity of plantation orchards, and rationalizing and mitigating the growth rate of construction land are key to maintaining and improving the habitat quality.

Ecosystem carbon sinks can offset part of the carbon emissions from human activities, playing a significant role in the carbon neutrality process. Clarifying the relationship between carbon emissions and ecosystem services is crucial for achieving the dual goals of carbon neutrality and ecological environmental protection. Effective ecosystem management is a prerequisite for controlling carbon emissions, as well as for ecosystem conservation and restoration, making a significant contribution to emission reduction and the enhancement of ecosystem services. Therefore, this study takes Guangdong Province as an example, starting with ecological functional zones—units that can enhance the effectiveness of ecosystem management—combining multi-source data and localized methods to develop annual carbon emissions (CEs) and ecosystem service value (ESV) data from 2000 to 2020, and reveals the spatiotemporal relationships between CEs and the ESV. The results showed the following from 2000 to 2020: (1) The net CEs increased from 203.73 to 482.80 million tons, representing an increase of 279.07 million tons, or 136.98%. The metropolitan residential security zone (MRSZ) was the dominant carbon source area, accounting for more than 60% of the total net CEs. (2) The total ESV gradually decreased from CNY 596.95 to 504.56 billion, representing a decline of CNY 92.39 billion, or 15.48%. The WCZ had the highest ESV, accounting for more than 50% of the total in all periods. (3) Temporally, the net CEs were negatively correlated with the total ESV in the study area, especially in the MRSZ, while a positive correlation was observed in the agricultural products provision zone (APZ). Spatially, the main clusters were Low–Low and High–Low clusters, primarily distributed in the APZ and MRSZ. This study explores and reveals the spatiotemporal relationship between CEs and the ESV, providing valuable references for related research in Guangdong Province and other regional comparative studies.

我国是世界上生态脆弱区分布面积最大、脆弱生态类型最多、生态脆弱性表现最明显的国家之一。生态脆弱区的生态环境保护是保障和维护国家生态安全的底线和生命线。然而，受人类不合理土地利用活动和气候变化的共同影响，我国生态脆弱区面临着植被破坏、土壤侵蚀、水土流失、水资源短缺等现实问题。全面认识生态脆弱区的土地利用变化及其生态效应，是优化土地利用结构布局和加强生态脆弱区生态保护的重要基础。 随着社会经济的快速发展，生态脆弱区土地资源的稀缺性日益显现；而土地利用结构的失衡更是加剧了生态脆弱区的生态环境退化，加剧了人地矛盾。生态脆弱区土地利用变化不仅改变了地表景观格局，而且影响了生态系统中的物质循环和能量流动，对区域生物多样性和重要生态过程产生了深刻影响。为此，本研究团队以三江源地区、喀斯特山区和黑河流域三个典型生态脆弱区为研究区，开展区域土地利用变化及其生态效应研究，并总结相关研究成果，撰写完成《生态脆弱区土地利用变化及其生态效应》一书。本书的核心目标就是揭示不同生态脆弱典型区域的土地利用变化规律及其对生态环境的影响机制，为区域生态环境保护和可持续发展提供科学依据。 本书共包括七个章节。第一章为研究背景和意义，主要是界定生态脆弱区的基本概念与范围，指出生态脆弱区面临的主要生态问题。第二章为研究进展，主要是系统梳理生态系统服务、气候变化对社会经济系统影响、农作物种植结构提取相关研究进展。第三章为生态脆弱区土地利用变化，主要是构建土地利用变化监测方法，综合分析三江源地区、喀斯特山区和黑河流域三大典型区域土地利用空间分异与时序变化特征。第四章为三江源土地利用和气候变化对NPP的影响，主要是揭示气候和NPP变化特征，解析气候和土地利用变化对区域NPP、林地NPP、草地NPP及牧民收入的影响机制。第五章为喀斯特山区土地利用对生态服务的影响，主要是评估产水量、土壤保持、碳储量和营养截留等关键生态服务，分析其时空变化与梯度效应，阐明生态服务的权衡与协同关系，模拟未来土地利用变化及其生态服务影响。第六章为黑河流域土地利用变化对生态服务的影响，主要是评估农作物耗水量与用水效率，分析其时空变化特征，揭示农作物种植结构变化对耗水量、用水效率的影响，阐明农业节水潜力与建议。第七章为结论与讨论，主要是总结三江源地区、喀斯特山区和黑河流域土地利用时空变化特征及其生态效应，提出支撑生态脆弱区可持续发展的政策建议。 本书由宋伟副研究员担任主编，负责总体设计、拟定提纲、指导实施和审阅定稿。韩赜、刘亚群、郎炎卿和李换换担任副主编，其中韩赜负责三江源地区相关研究内容的编写；刘亚群负责黑河流域相关研究内容的编写；郎炎卿负责喀斯特山区相关研究内容的编写；李换换负责研究背景和意义的编写，并协助宋伟完成统稿工作。全体人员都参与了本书的调查研究、讨论和著作撰写。 本书承蒙国家自然科学基金项目（资助号42071233）、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项（A类）课题（资助号XDA20040201）、第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究专题（资助号2019QZKK0603 ）等项目资助。基于本书的研究工作，培养硕士研究生3名，发表学术论文14篇，成为本书研究成果的重要组成部分。在本书的综合研究与撰写过程中，得到了相关项目咨询专家和论文评审专家的指导和帮助，在此表示崇高的敬意和衷心的感谢。 由于时间紧迫和水平有限，本书还存在许多尚需完善和深化研究的内容，不足、遗漏和错误之处还请见谅，也恳请各位同行和读者提出宝贵意见和建议。