The Climate Village Program (CVP) is one of the national flagship programs of the Ministry of Environment and Forestry of the Republic of Indonesia to support emission reduction and climate resilience. This paper examines the challenges and strategies for implementing the climate village program in the national and sub-national contexts. Data and information derived from discussions, seminars, focus group discussions, and interviews with local government officials in East Kalimantan were used to analyze the social learning of the CVP plus, including those on the policy process and its concept, integration program, and implementation. Sustainable strategies need to be addressed by integrating the CVP plus into the medium-term development plan of the region. The challenges and way forward of the CVP plus could be an excellent lesson for implementation in all provinces of Indonesia to support FOLU (Forest Other Land Use) Net Sinker 2030 and LTS-LCCR (Long-Term Strategy on Low Carbon and Climate Resilience) 2050. Key challenges and strategies for the CVP plus are highlighted in the planning and implementation phases, especially in improving climate resilience. This study also points out the steps of implementation of the CVP, development partners and their roles in relation to climate change and other socio-economic facts that make it difficult to engage real stakeholders in the implementation of the CVP plus.

The Dayak community in East Kalimantan is renowned for practicing traditional Agroforestry (AF) across generations. Meanwhile, despite the long-term introduction of cacao (Theobroma cacao) in 1996 as a potential commodity in the AF practice, its productivity still needs to be improved. This study aimed to analyze the challenges as well as develop strategies for adapting and transforming traditional AF practices into Smart Agroforestry (SAF) systems for cacao. The implementation of cacao SAF is anticipated to enhance cacao productivity, improve the welfare of local communities, and preserve the forest’s function as a crucial life support system for the Dayak Community in Mahakam Ulu (Mahulu) District. Data were collected through the Triangulation Method, using interviews of selected respondents with structured questionnaires, in-depth interviews with key informants, and focus group discussions to verify and validate the data. Additionally, participatory mapping was carried out on AF cacao pattern to identify the area and its cultivation technique. We also obtained secondary data from local government sources in East Kalimantan. Data were processed using qualitative descriptive analysis, gender, and SWOT analysis. The results showed that the development of cacao-based agroforestry in Mahulu District was carried out by applying the green economy concept and considering the potential for cacao marketing, socio-economic culture, gender, and traditional knowledge. However, further development efforts are needed to improve traditional cultivation towards SAF practices. This requires multi-stakeholder collaboration from the regional level, comprising farmers and village government to the central government. Several important factors should be considered for better management of cacao cultivation. These factors include intensifying input production to increase land productivity, assuring land ownership status, improving the quality of products, increasing access to capital, as well as strengthening local institutions for a more effective and efficient marketing process.

Dipterocarpus tempehes, also known as keruing, is one of the groups within the Dipterocarpaceae family and is classified as an endangered species. Massive exploitation of keruing has led to a drastic decline in the population of this species. This study aims to analyze the effect of cleaning planting paths and spacing on the growth of keruing (D. tempehes) at the age of three years after planting. The research was conducted in the Semoi research plot, within the Special Purpose Forest Area of Samboja, Penajam Paser Utara Regency. Planting of D. tempehes involved land preparation and planting distance treatments. Land preparation techniques included cleaning 2 m and 4 m planting lines while planting distance treatments included planting at 10 m x 2.5 m and 10 m x 5 m. The results showed that treatment cleaning of 4 m planting lines with 10 m x 2.5 m planting distance) provided the best response, with an 84% survival rate. Treatment cleaning of 2 m planting lines with a planting distance of 10 m x 5 m and cleaning of 4 m planting lines with a planting distance of 10 m x 2.5 m gave the best response to increasing tree diameter. The best height growth response was in the treatment cleaning of 2 m planting lines with a planting distance of 10 m x 5 m. Both treatments can be applied when planting keruing in logged-over natural forests. Keywords: Silviculture, rehabilitation, unproductive natural forests, logged over areas, Dipterocarpus tempehes Abstrak Keruing (Dipterocarpus tempehes) merupakan salah satu kelompok dari famili Dipterocarpaceae yang termasuk dalam spesies yang terancam punah. Eksploitasi keruing yang masif membuat populasi jenis ini menurun drastis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan pembersihan jalur tanam dan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan keruing (D. tempehes) pada umur tiga tahun setelah tanam. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada plot penelitian Semoi, di Kawasan Hutan Dengan Tujuan Khusus (KHDTK) Samboja, Kabupaten Penajam Paser Utara. Uji coba penanamannya dengan mengaplikasikan penyiapan lahan dan jarak tanam. Teknik penyiapan lahan terdiri atas pembersihan jalur tanam lebar 2 m dan 4 m, sedangkan perlakuan jarak tanam terdiri atas 10 m x 2,5 m dan 10 m x 5 m. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pembersihan jalur 4 m dengan jarak tanam 10 m x 2,5 m memberikan respon paling terbaik dengan persentase hidup sebesar 84%. Perlakuan pembersihan jalur tanam 2 m dengan jarak tanam 10 m x 5 m dan perlakuan pembersihan jalur tanam 4 m dengan jarak tanam 10 m x 2,5 m memberikan respon terbaik terhadap pertambahan diameter pohon. Respon pertumbuhan tinggi yang terbaik adalah perlakuan pembersihan jalur tanam 2 m dengan jarak tanam 10 m x 5 m. Kedua perlakuan tersebut dapat diterapkan dalam penanaman keruing di hutan alam bekas tebangan. Kata kunci: Silvikultur, rehabilitasi, hutan alam tidak produktif, bekas tebangan, Dipterocarpus tempehes