The surface protection of leather supplies is a major concern worldwide due to its susceptibility to microbial growth. Different methods are employed to protect leather, their results ends up with the environmental pollution and human safety issues. Nanoparticles with excellent antimicrobial potential can provide sustainable protection to leather accessories. The present work represented a comprehensive investigation into the preparation and characterization of titanium dioxide-doped zinc oxide (ZnO/TiO₂ NPs) nanoparticles and their exploring as a potential antimicrobial agent in the leather industry. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized through Sol-gel method by the reduction of zinc acetate dihydrate via black cardamom seed's extract and subsequently doped with TiO₂. The optical, structural, and morphological features of nanoparticles were thoroughly scrutinized through UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDAX. The UV-visible spectrum showed enhanced performance between 300 and 350 nm and various peaks of the FT-IR spectrum, i.e. 3315.53, 1566.20, 1402.25, 1340.53, 1014.56, 921.97, 690.52, and 677.01 cm^-1, revealed chemical bonds that prove the correct doping of TiO₂ in ZnO nanoparticles. The characteristic peaks obtained from XRD at 2Ө of 32°, 35.5°, 37.2°, 47.9°, 55.6° 63.51°, and 70° intimated to the crystal planes of (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), and (112), respectively. SEM-EDAX images revealed the roughly spherical but agglomerated structure of nanoparticles with size 45.44 nm. Furthermore, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), antimicrobial potential, and anti-biofilm potential analyses of nanoparticles, against all selected microorganisms (Aspergillus niger, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) provided valuable insights into physical and biological properties of the nanoparticles. The clear zones of inhibition (29-30 mm) against these pathogenic strains showed exceptional antimicrobial action of the ZnO/TiO₂ NPs. Overall, these results provide an approachable method to synthesize ZnO/TiO₂ nanoparticles and their antimicrobial ability will prove to be beneficial for the protection of leather materials from various microbial contaminations.

The prevalence of depression in the patients of breast cancer is very common. The diagnosis of cancer produces stress, anxiety, and fear of pain and death in patients, all of which affect their physical and emotional wellbeing. These factors hinder the treatment of cancer because patients lose their will to live a happy and healthy life. The quality of life of people with psychiatric symptoms remains poor. Furthermore, there is a considerable risk that depressive symptoms in patients with breast cancer can lead to physical impairment and prolong mortality. The current descriptive and cross-sectional study was designed to determine depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) levels in breast cancer patients at a tertiary care hospital in Faisalabad, Pakistan. The questionnaire included the socio-demographic, disease, and DAS related questions. A total of 138 women with breast cancer were included. The data was analyzed using SPSS software. The results showed that 38% of women had extremely severe depression, 68% were suffering from extremely severe anxiety, and 34% were facing extremely severe stress. The study showed that different factors were affecting the DAS scale, such as illiteracy (46.40%), occupation (labour 60.90%) and low income (76.80%) of husbands, sad reaction of families (60.10%), and the fear of chemotherapy (44.20%). Cancer patients need special attention and treatments to avoid emotional distress during their disease journey. This currebt study helps the healthcare professionals to provide psychological treatment to these patients.

The Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) is one of the most frequent and contagious infection, caused by range of pathogens, affecting an estimated 150 million people around the globe every year. The current study has investigated the prevalence of UTI among the local population of Pakistan. The urine samples of 200 patients were collected based on different UTI related symptoms and the infection was detected through quantitative urine culture and microscopic enumeration of urine leukocytes. Then UTI causing pathogens were isolated from positive samples and their sensitivity against antibiotics was checked through antimicrobial susceptibility method. The E.coli was the most predominant uropathogen found among all the positive samples followed by Klebsiella, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Proteus species, and Enterococcus. The comparative analysis of UTI between both males and females showed that UTI is highly prevalent among female patients as compared to males especially in adult age ranges from 21-30 years due to hormonal changes and pregnancy. All the isolated pathogens were differentially sensitive against conventional antibiotics but they showed highest sensitivity against imipenem while highest resistivity against ampicillin. This study has also shown that the excessive use of antibiotics leads to the drug resistance and increases the chance of any bacterial infection.