Seaweed and cellulose are promising natural polymers. This article reviews the basic information and recent developments of both seaweed and cellulose biopolymer materials as well as analyses the feasible formation of seaweed/cellulose composite films. Seaweed and cellulose both exhibit interesting film-forming properties. Nevertheless, seaweed has poor water vapour barrier and mechanical properties, whereas cellulose is neither meltable nor soluble in water or common organic solvents due to its highly crystalline structure. Therefore, modification of these hydrocolloids has been done to exploit their useful properties. Blending of biopolymers is a must recommended approach to improve the desired characteristics. From the review, seaweed is well compatible with cellulose, which possesses excellent mechanical strength and water resistance properties. Moreover, seaweed/cellulose composite films can prolong a product’s shelf life while maintaining its biodegradability. Additionally, the films show potential in contributing to the bioeconomy. In order to widen seaweed and cellulose in biocomposite application across various industries, some of the viewpoints are highlighted to be focused for future developments and applications

Ponding system or land application techniques are widely used at industrial scale to treat palm oil mill effluent (POME) prior to discharge to the environment. POME is considered as one of the major problems that has generated voluminously from the palm oil industries. The main purpose of this article is to organize the scattered available information on various aspects and a wide range of promising current POME treatments including biological microorganisms, physicochemical methods of coagulation, and membrane and thermochemical process. In addition, the integrated system of anaerobic-aerobic bioreactor (IAAB), which has been touted as highly efficient with easy control at acceptable temperature range and shorter treatment time, has potential to be exploited for POME treatment. The main influencing factors for IAAB POME treatment are highlighted as outstanding characteristics for challenges and future prospects.