Parámetros tales como eficiencia biológica (EB), tasa de productividad (TP), tamaño de los cuerpos fructíferos, grasa, fibra, carbohidratos totales, valor de energía y proteínas totales, fueron determinados y analizados para hongos comestibles de la cepa importada Pleurotus pulmonarius RN2 y dos cepas nativas de Panamá P.djamor RN81 y RN82, cultivadas sobre paja de arroz (Oriza sativa L), rastrojo y tuza de maíz (Zea maíz L.). El objetivo fue establecer si existían diferencias significativas en estos parámetros, por efecto de la cepa, el tipo de sustrato o su interacción. Más del 50% de los hongos cosechados presentó un tamaño entre 5 y10 cm. Se destaca un alto contenido de proteína para el hongo P. djamor RN82 crecido sobre tuza de maíz (43.07%) y una alta eficiencia biológica para P. pulmonarius RN2 (75.65%). Se obtuvo diferencias significativas para la eficiencia biológica, proteínas, carbohidratos y fibra por efecto de la interacción cepa sustrato.

The present report appears as part of a more general work concerned with the design of hydraulic conveying systems. Traditionally those systems are designed using empirical correlations for pressure drop prediction, the Durand equation (1953) still standing as a reference, though producing estimates that can deviate more than 40% from the true value. The approach followed in this study is to identify the principal mechanisms involved in the flow of suspensions in pipes, compute the solids distribution in the cross-section, and to use that information to calculate the system pressure drop and predict the conveying regime (deposit velocity). Applying the proposed methodology to published experimental data has conducted to better approximations for the pressure drop (29% maximum deviation) than the classical Durand equation.

Criteria of Formality and Structural Elements of Research Proposals: The preparation of research proposals is a challenge faced by anyone who wants to contribute to scientific research, since the specific requirements of different fields of study often cause technical or management aspects of research, such as obtaining funds to carry out research efforts, to be intermingled. The basis of a research proposal is the presentation and substantiation of the necessity of studying a particular problem, as well as the practical manner in which the study will be conducted. The objective of this article is to document the main attributes of each part of a research proposal. Therefore, we present a condensed and practical approach so that a research proposal can be consolidated in a document that enables the evaluation of the validity and usefulness of the planned study. Subsequently, the detailed and appropriately organized proposal will help the researcher in the development and execution of the study. This article has important implications for the development of well-structured and well-organized research proposals, which can, in turn, initiate high-quality scientific research efforts across all disciplines of science education.