This article addresses the issue of public support for the development of renewable energy and the assessment of this support from the perspective of farmers in Eastern Poland. Since it is a region characterized by a relatively high share of agriculture in the economy, a diversified structure of this sector, and at the same time, a region with a relatively high level of energy poverty, it can be considered a good example for illustrating the research problem. To achieve the goal, surveys were carried out covering 519 farms. Upon the consideration of a literature review and the research results of other authors, the collected opinions of the owners of these farms regarding the motivators encouraging them to invest in renewable energy technologies and the assessment of the role of the state in supporting energy transformation allowed for the formulation of conclusions. The research results indicate that renewable energy technologies are present in 47% of the surveyed farms, while in 36% of them, investments were financed from farmers’ own funds. This means that the possibility of obtaining support from public funds is not a necessary condition for implementing renewable energy investments.

This article analyses the adaptation strategies adopted by local government units (LGUs) in Poland in response to the energy crisis of 2022–2023. This crisis, caused by geopolitical tensions, rising commodity prices and instability of supply, posed a serious challenge to local authorities. The study used the case study method, and the analysis of data obtained as part of a nationwide survey conducted among 167 local government units, differentiated in terms of the type of commune and the number of inhabitants. The results indicate that the most commonly used measures were investments in renewable energy sources and the modernisation of energy infrastructure. At the same time, nearly half of the surveyed local government units did not have contingency plans in the event of interruptions in energy supply, which reveals significant gaps in crisis management. The article identifies the key factors affecting the effectiveness of the implemented measures and presents recommendations for strengthening the energy resilience of local government units. The study is distinguished by an innovative approach, and the study is one of the first empirical approaches in Poland that combines quantitative data analysis with the case study approach and contributes to the development of local energy policy in conditions of external instability.