This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.

Dr. Constanze Pietsch
Berner Fachhochschule /Applied University Berne / Haute école spécialisée bernoise Hochschule für Agrar-, Forst- und Lebensmittelwissenschaften HAFL, Agronomie, Länggasse 85, CH-3052 Zollikofen, Switzerland

Basic Info


Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Aquaculture
0 Endocrinology
0 Health
0 Immunology
0 Nutrition

Fingerprints

Aquaculture
Health
Nutrition

Honors and Awards

The user has no records in this section


Career Timeline

The user has no records in this section.


Short Biography

The user biography is not available.
Following
Followers
Co Authors
The list of users this user is following is empty.
Following: 0 users

Feed

Review
Published: 05 June 2021 in Toxins
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The first part of this study evaluates the occurrence of mycotoxin patterns in feedstuffs and fish feeds. Results were extrapolated from a large data pool derived from wheat (n = 857), corn (n = 725), soybean meal (n = 139) and fish feed (n = 44) samples in European countries and based on sample analyses by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) in the period between 2012–2019. Deoxynivalenol (DON) was readily present in corn (in 47% of the samples) > wheat (41%) > soybean meal (11%), and in aquafeeds (48%). Co-occurrence of mycotoxins was frequently observed in feedstuffs and aquafeed samples. For example, in corn, multi-mycotoxin occurrence was investigated by Spearman’s correlations and odd ratios, and both showed co-occurrence of DON with its acetylated forms (3-AcDON, 15-AcDON) as well as with zearalenone (ZEN). The second part of this study summarizes the existing knowledge on the effects of DON on farmed fish species and evaluates the risk of DON exposure in fish, based on data from in vivo studies. A meta-analytical approach aimed to estimate to which extent DON affects feed intake and growth performance in fish. Corn was identified as the ingredient with the highest risk of contamination with DON and its acetylated forms, which often cannot be detected by commonly used rapid detection methods in feed mills. Periodical state-of-the-art mycotoxin analyses are essential to detect the full spectrum of mycotoxins in fish feeds aimed to prevent detrimental effects on farmed fish and subsequent economic losses for fish farmers. Because levels below the stated regulatory limits can reduce feed intake and growth performance, our results show that the risk of DON contamination is underestimated in the aquaculture industry.

ACS Style

Paraskevi Koletsi; Johan Schrama; Elisabeth Graat; Geert Wiegertjes; Philip Lyons; Constanze Pietsch. The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review. Toxins 2021, 13, 403 .

AMA Style

Paraskevi Koletsi, Johan Schrama, Elisabeth Graat, Geert Wiegertjes, Philip Lyons, Constanze Pietsch. The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review. Toxins. 2021; 13 (6):403.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Paraskevi Koletsi; Johan Schrama; Elisabeth Graat; Geert Wiegertjes; Philip Lyons; Constanze Pietsch. 2021. "The Occurrence of Mycotoxins in Raw Materials and Fish Feeds in Europe and the Potential Effects of Deoxynivalenol (DON) on the Health and Growth of Farmed Fish Species—A Review." Toxins 13, no. 6: 403.

Communication
Published: 23 February 2021 in Animals
Reads 0
Downloads 0

In this study, a stress trial was conducted with common carp, one of the most important species in aquaculture worldwide, to identify relevant gene regulation pathways in different areas of the brain. Acute distress due to exposure to air significantly activated the expression of the immediate early gene c-fos in the telencephalon. In addition, evidence for regulation of the two corticotropin-releasing factor (crf) genes in relation to their binding protein (corticotropin-releasing hormone-binding protein, crh-bp) is presented in this preliminary study. Inferences on the effects of due to exposure to air were obtained by using point estimation, which allows the prediction of a single value. This constitutes the best description to date of the previously generally unknown effects of stress in different brain regions in carp. Furthermore, principal component analyses were performed to reveal possible regulation patterns in the different regions of the fish brain. In conclusion, these preliminary studies on gene regulation in the carp brain that has been influenced by exposure to a stressor reveal that a number of genes may be successfully used as markers for exposure to unfavourable conditions.

ACS Style

Alexander Burren; Constanze Pietsch. Distress Regulates Different Pathways in the Brain of Common Carp: A Preliminary Study. Animals 2021, 11, 585 .

AMA Style

Alexander Burren, Constanze Pietsch. Distress Regulates Different Pathways in the Brain of Common Carp: A Preliminary Study. Animals. 2021; 11 (2):585.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Alexander Burren; Constanze Pietsch. 2021. "Distress Regulates Different Pathways in the Brain of Common Carp: A Preliminary Study." Animals 11, no. 2: 585.

Book chapter
Published: 07 October 2020 in Mycotoxins and Food Safety
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Mycotoxins are commonly found in animal feeds, and fish feeds are no exception to this. The need to feed fish in aquaculture with compounded feeds leads to the increasing inclusion of plant-derived feed ingredients that have a higher probability of containing mycotoxins. Since fish appear to be quite sensitive to mycotoxins, further research on mycotoxin toxicity in fish is recommended. Depending on the chemical characteristics of an individual mycotoxin and the biotransformation abilities of the different fish species, certain mycotoxins can could be found in the edible parts of a fish. Thus, the consumption of fish products increases the potential risk of mycotoxin exposure for humans. This chapter reviews the risks associated with different groups of mycotoxins and makes recommendations on how to minimize these risks in the future.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch. Food Safety: The Risk of Mycotoxin Contamination in Fish. Mycotoxins and Food Safety 2020, 1 .

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch. Food Safety: The Risk of Mycotoxin Contamination in Fish. Mycotoxins and Food Safety. 2020; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch. 2020. "Food Safety: The Risk of Mycotoxin Contamination in Fish." Mycotoxins and Food Safety , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 20 August 2020 in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The rearing of less established fish species in recirculating aquaculture systems (RASs) is increasing, but may require adaptations of the rearing facilities if health impairments occur. We observed several health issues in burbot Lota lota reared for up to 2 yr in a RAS and used microbiological, histological and molecular-biological methods to identify the causative agents. Minor skin trauma led to the development of ulcers. In addition, several fillets of burbot showed pronounced granulomatous inflammation and calcification with signs of muscle fiber degeneration which resembled a condition called ‘sandy flesh disease’ in North American walleye. Several infectious agents were able to be excluded as a cause for the disease. Carnobacterium maltaromaticum was isolated in high numbers in some of the affected muscle tissue. However, the role of this bacterium or other causative agents or husbandry conditions remains to be elucidated.

ACS Style

C Pietsch; F Tschudi; S Baumann; Heike Schmidt-Posthaus. Preliminary investigation of an idiopathic muscle disease in farmed burbot Lota lota. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2020, 140, 179 -186.

AMA Style

C Pietsch, F Tschudi, S Baumann, Heike Schmidt-Posthaus. Preliminary investigation of an idiopathic muscle disease in farmed burbot Lota lota. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2020; 140 ():179-186.

Chicago/Turabian Style

C Pietsch; F Tschudi; S Baumann; Heike Schmidt-Posthaus. 2020. "Preliminary investigation of an idiopathic muscle disease in farmed burbot Lota lota." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 140, no. : 179-186.

Journal article
Published: 10 March 2020 in Toxins
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Periods of unfavorable storing conditions can lead to changes in the quality of fish feeds, as well as the development of relevant mycotoxins. In the present study, a commercial fish feed was stored under defined conditions for four weeks. The main findings indicate that even storing fish feeds under unsuitable conditions for a short duration leads to a deterioration in quality. Mycotoxin and fungal contamination were subsequently analyzed. These investigations confirmed that different storage conditions can influence the presence of fungi and mycotoxins on fish feed. Notably, ochratoxin A (OTA) was found in samples after warm (25 °C) and humid (>60% relative humidity) treatment. This confirms the importance of this compound as a typical contaminant of fish feed and reveals how fast this mycotoxin can be formed in fish feed during storage.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Georg Müller; Sulayman Mourabit; Simon Carnal; Kasun Bandara. Occurrence of Fungi and Fungal Toxins in Fish Feed during Storage. Toxins 2020, 12, 171 .

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Georg Müller, Sulayman Mourabit, Simon Carnal, Kasun Bandara. Occurrence of Fungi and Fungal Toxins in Fish Feed during Storage. Toxins. 2020; 12 (3):171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Georg Müller; Sulayman Mourabit; Simon Carnal; Kasun Bandara. 2020. "Occurrence of Fungi and Fungal Toxins in Fish Feed during Storage." Toxins 12, no. 3: 171.

Original article
Published: 26 July 2019 in Mycotoxin Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Mycotoxins are difficult to monitor continuously, and a tool to assess the risk would help to judge if there is a particular risk due to the inclusion of certain feed ingredients. For this, the toxin contents of 97 commercial fish feeds have been estimated, and the most prominent toxins in fish feed are calculated to be deoxynivalenol, zearalenone, fumonisins and enniatins. These pose a risk to fish well-being, as can be calculated by the Bayesian models for determining the critical concentrations 5% (CC5) for the different toxins. Besides fishmeal, wheat, soybean products and corn are regularly used as fish feed ingredients. The calculated scenarios show that fish are at high risk of toxin contamination if feed ingredients of low quality are chosen for feed production. Due to this, specific maximum allowable levels for several mycotoxins in fish feeds should be established.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch. Risk assessment for mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds in Europe. Mycotoxin Research 2019, 36, 41 -62.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch. Risk assessment for mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds in Europe. Mycotoxin Research. 2019; 36 (1):41-62.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch. 2019. "Risk assessment for mycotoxin contamination in fish feeds in Europe." Mycotoxin Research 36, no. 1: 41-62.

Journal article
Published: 16 October 2018 in Diseases of Aquatic Organisms
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Ethoxyquin (EQ) is an antioxidant that has, to date, been commonly used in feed production. Reports on the detrimental effects of this substance on vertebrates are growing, but effects in aquatic systems have rarely been described. Therefore, the present study was conducted using serial concentrations of EQ ranging from 0.03 to 16.5 mg l-1 to determine effects on 3 types of aquatic organisms. In zebrafish, 5 mg l-1 EQ caused mortality (25%) and a further 62.5% of the embryos showed yolk sac edema as well as deformed bodies or missing eyes. Furthermore, all the investigated EQ concentrations decreased the heart rate of the embryos. The lowest observed effect level was 0.31 mg l-1. In addition to zebrafish, the study also used water fleas Daphnia magna and green algae (Scenedesmus obliquus and Chlorella vulgaris). These treatments revealed that daphnids are also sensitive to EQ, exhibiting detrimental effects with a half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) of 2.65 mg l-1 after 48 h of exposure. The algae appeared to be at least 2 times less sensitive to EQ than fish embryos or daphnids. The results were used to calculate the risk for aquatic life resulting in a maximum tolerable level of 1 µg l-1 for fish embryos and daphnids, with a safety factor of 300. According to current knowledge, this does not exceed environmental concentrations of this substance. However, this study raises further concern about the (until recently) legal maximum tolerable EQ levels in fish feeding and the rather slow pace at which authorization to use EQ as a feed additive for diverse animals in Europe is being suspended.

ACS Style

Sophia Egloff; Constanze Pietsch. Ethoxyquin: a feed additive that poses a risk for aquatic life. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 2018, 131, 39 -48.

AMA Style

Sophia Egloff, Constanze Pietsch. Ethoxyquin: a feed additive that poses a risk for aquatic life. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. 2018; 131 (1):39-48.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sophia Egloff; Constanze Pietsch. 2018. "Ethoxyquin: a feed additive that poses a risk for aquatic life." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 131, no. 1: 39-48.

Journal article
Published: 28 June 2018 in Toxins
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a known contaminant in fish feed but its effect on fish health remains rather unknown. A study was conducted to investigate the effects of different concentrations of ochratoxin on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). The tests with ochratoxin A showed a correlation between the exposure to mycotoxin and the amount of damage. The mortality rate and the incidents of embryonal damage was increased by increasing ochratoxin concentrations. The calculations resulted in a lethal concentration for 50% of the embryos (LC50) of 0.29 mg/L and a concentration at which 50% of the animals showed impairment (EC50) of 0.36 mg/L after 96 h of exposure. During the test, reduced heart rates were also observed revealing a clear dose-response relationship. The EC50 determination for this endpoint was 1.26 mg/L after 72 h of exposure. The measurement of oxidative stress was proven to be the most sensitive system to indicate OTA effects on the zebrafish embryos with an EC50 value of 0.067 mg/L after 72 h of exposure. The test validity was given because the control test with 3,4-Dichloroaniline (3,4-D) showed a LC50 value of 2.88 mg after 96 h of exposure which is comparable to the available reference values. According to the current knowledge, these experimental doses did not exceed the environmental concentrations of this ochratoxin A. However, this study raises concerns about the effects of ochratoxin on fish.

ACS Style

Linda Tschirren; Seraina Siebenmann; Constanze Pietsch. Toxicity of Ochratoxin to Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxins 2018, 10, 264 .

AMA Style

Linda Tschirren, Seraina Siebenmann, Constanze Pietsch. Toxicity of Ochratoxin to Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio). Toxins. 2018; 10 (7):264.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Linda Tschirren; Seraina Siebenmann; Constanze Pietsch. 2018. "Toxicity of Ochratoxin to Early Life Stages of Zebrafish (Danio rerio)." Toxins 10, no. 7: 264.

Journal article
Published: 15 September 2017 in Toxins
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequently-occurring mycotoxin in both animal and fish feeds. In order to characterize its effects on carp, three groups of fish were fed for 28 days with feeds contaminated with three different levels of ZEN (low: 332 µg kg−1, medium: 621 µg kg−1, and high: 797 µg kg−1 feed). The reversibility of the effects of ZEN was assessed by feeding all of the groups with uncontaminated feed for a further 14 days. Gene expression of immune genes in the liver tissue of the fish was analysed, revealing reduced expressions of immune, antioxidative, and estrogen-related genes after the fish had been exposed to ZEN. However, the expression of vacuole-type H+ ATPase increased substantially with ZEN exposure, thus supporting the previously-reported sensitivity of lysosomal functions to ZEN. Feeding the fish with a ZEN-free diet for a further two weeks changed the effects of ZEN on the expression of some genes, including the expressions of the cytokines IL-1β, IL-8, IL-10, and arginase 2, which were not influenced after four weeks of treatment, but showed lower values after the recovery phase in fish previously treated with ZEN compared with the control group. In summary, this study confirmed the broad effects of ZEN on different essential functions in carp and suggests that the current maximum allowable levels in compound feed are too high to prevent damage to fish.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch. Zearalenone (ZEN) and Its Influence on Regulation of Gene Expression in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Liver Tissue. Toxins 2017, 9, 283 .

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch. Zearalenone (ZEN) and Its Influence on Regulation of Gene Expression in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Liver Tissue. Toxins. 2017; 9 (9):283.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch. 2017. "Zearalenone (ZEN) and Its Influence on Regulation of Gene Expression in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) Liver Tissue." Toxins 9, no. 9: 283.

Journal article
Published: 01 October 2016 in Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology
Reads 0
Downloads 0
ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Ranka Junge. Physiological responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to dietary exposure to zearalenone (ZEN). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 2016, 188, 52 -59.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Ranka Junge. Physiological responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to dietary exposure to zearalenone (ZEN). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology. 2016; 188 ():52-59.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Ranka Junge. 2016. "Physiological responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) to dietary exposure to zearalenone (ZEN)." Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology 188, no. : 52-59.

Journal article
Published: 30 September 2015 in World Mycotoxin Journal
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is a frequent contaminant of feeds in aquaculture, but the consequences of this contamination have rarely been evaluated. Previous studies on carp indicated effects of DON on liver function and histology after four weeks of feeding. The present study aimed to unravel the time course of liver responses of carp to orally applied DON. Therefore, liver enzyme activities and histology have been investigated after 7, 14, 26 and 56 days of DON feeding. The acute response comprises down-regulation of biotransformation enzymes, whereas the chronic response to DON is characterised by activation of alanine aminotransferase which indicates damage to liver tissue. Examination of histological sections of liver tissue revealed that changes such as fat aggregation, vacuolisation and hyperaemia were present after 14 and 26 days of exposure to DON but not thereafter. Several enzymes involved in glutathione cycling and reduction of oxidative stress were found to be reduced after 26 and 56 days of DON feeding. The results suggest that supporting the antioxidative system, e.g. by using glutathione-enriched yeast extracts as a food additive, might be successful in preventing the effects of DON in carp. This is the basis of a fundamental hypothesis since DON contamination of fish feed leads to pronounced effects on liver histology and liver enzyme activities which may also cause changes in the normal liver metabolism of endogenous and xenobiotic compounds.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; P. Burkhardt-Holm. Feed-borne exposure to deoxynivalenol leads to acute and chronic effects on liver enzymes and histology in carp. World Mycotoxin Journal 2015, 8, 619 -627.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, P. Burkhardt-Holm. Feed-borne exposure to deoxynivalenol leads to acute and chronic effects on liver enzymes and histology in carp. World Mycotoxin Journal. 2015; 8 (5):619-627.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; P. Burkhardt-Holm. 2015. "Feed-borne exposure to deoxynivalenol leads to acute and chronic effects on liver enzymes and histology in carp." World Mycotoxin Journal 8, no. 5: 619-627.

Research article
Published: 29 September 2015 in BioMed Research International
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is a frequent contaminant of animal feeds, but its effects on fish have not yet been investigated extensively. In order to fill this gap a feeding trial with juvenile carp was conducted. Three groups of fish were fed feeds contaminated with ZEN at three concentrations (low: 332 μg kg−1, medium: 621 μg kg−1, and high: 797 μg kg−1feed) for four weeks. Possible reversible effects of ZEN were evaluated by feeding additional groups with the ZEN-contaminated feeds for four weeks, followed by the uncontaminated diet for two weeks. Immune function of isolated leukocytes from head kidney and trunk kidney was assessed using the assessment of NO production, the respiratory burst assay, the chemiluminescence assay, and the measurement of arginase activities. These investigations frequently revealed increased immune responses after exposure of fish to low ZEN concentrations and reduced immune responses after exposure to high mycotoxin concentrations. Moreover, the feeding of the uncontaminated diet for further two weeks did not improve the immune responses in most cases. These results indicate that cellular immune functions in ZEN-contaminated carp are influenced which may be relevant for fish health in aquaculture.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Ranka Junge; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Immunomodulation by Zearalenone in Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.). BioMed Research International 2015, 2015, 1 -9.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Ranka Junge, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Immunomodulation by Zearalenone in Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.). BioMed Research International. 2015; 2015 ():1-9.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Ranka Junge; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. 2015. "Immunomodulation by Zearalenone in Carp (Cyprinus carpioL.)." BioMed Research International 2015, no. : 1-9.

Journal article
Published: 26 August 2015 in Toxins
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN) is frequently contaminating animal feeds including feed used in aquaculture. In the present study, the effects of dietary exposure to ZEN on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were investigated. ZEN at three different concentrations (low dose: 332 µg kg−1, medium dose: 621 µg kg−1 and high dose: 797 µg kg−1 final feed, respectively) was administered to juvenile carp for four weeks. Additional groups received the mycotoxin for the same time period but were fed with the uncontaminated diet for two more weeks to examine the reversibility of the ZEN effects. No effects on growth were observed during the feeding trial, but effects on haematological parameters occurred. In addition, an influence on white blood cell counts was noted whereby granulocytes and monocytes were affected in fish treated with the medium and high dose ZEN diet. In muscle samples, marginal ZEN and α-zearalenol (α-ZEL) concentrations were detected. Furthermore, the genotoxic potential of ZEN was confirmed by analysing formation of micronuclei in erythrocytes. In contrast to previous reports on other fish species, estrogenic effects measured as vitellogenin concentrations in serum samples were not increased by dietary exposure to ZEN. This is probably due to the fact that ZEN is rapidly metabolized in carp.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Susanne Kersten; Hana Valenta; Sven Dänicke; Carsten Schulz; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm; Ranka Junge. Effects of Dietary Exposure to Zearalenone (ZEN) on Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Toxins 2015, 7, 3465 -3480.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Susanne Kersten, Hana Valenta, Sven Dänicke, Carsten Schulz, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm, Ranka Junge. Effects of Dietary Exposure to Zearalenone (ZEN) on Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Toxins. 2015; 7 (9):3465-3480.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Susanne Kersten; Hana Valenta; Sven Dänicke; Carsten Schulz; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm; Ranka Junge. 2015. "Effects of Dietary Exposure to Zearalenone (ZEN) on Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Toxins 7, no. 9: 3465-3480.

Journal article
Published: 21 May 2015 in Mycotoxin Research
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) has been shown to regularly occur at relevant concentrations in feed designed for aquaculture use, but little is known about the consequences of its presence on the organisms that consume the DON-contaminated feed. Previous studies indicated a down-regulation of pro-inflammatory responses in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after 4 weeks of feeding DON. The present study examined the time course of innate immune responses of carp to orally administered DON. Changes in mRNA levels of immune genes in different organs (head kidney, trunk kidney, spleen, liver, and intestine) were observed indicating immune-modulating properties of DON. The immune-modulatory effects during the acute phase of DON exposure were characterized by the activation of both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and enzymes in carp. The subchronic responses to DON were characterized by activation of arginases culminating in increased arginase activity in head kidney leukocytes after 26 days of DON treatment. These results suggest profound effects of this mycotoxin on fish in aquaculture.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Barbara A. Katzenback; Erick Garcia-Garcia; Carsten Schulz; Miodrag Belosevic; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Acute and subchronic effects on immune responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) in feed. Mycotoxin Research 2015, 31, 151 -164.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Barbara A. Katzenback, Erick Garcia-Garcia, Carsten Schulz, Miodrag Belosevic, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Acute and subchronic effects on immune responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) in feed. Mycotoxin Research. 2015; 31 (3):151-164.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Barbara A. Katzenback; Erick Garcia-Garcia; Carsten Schulz; Miodrag Belosevic; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. 2015. "Acute and subchronic effects on immune responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after exposure to deoxynivalenol (DON) in feed." Mycotoxin Research 31, no. 3: 151-164.

Journal article
Published: 01 September 2014 in Toxicon
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The world-wide occurrence of zearalenone (ZEN) as a contaminant in feed for farm animals and fish requires the evaluation of toxicity mechanisms of action of ZEN. The present study investigates possible metabolization of ZEN in fish cell lines suggesting that mainly glucuronidation takes place. It demonstrates that concentrations up to 20,000 ng ml(-1) ZEN are capable of influencing cell viability in permanent fish cell cultures in a dose-response manner with different response patterns between the five tested cell lines, whereby lysosomes appeared to be the main target of ZEN. ZEN toxicity is often discussed in the context of oxidative stress. Our study shows a biphasic response of the cell lines when reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is monitored. Damage in cells was observed by measuring lipid peroxidation, DNA strand breaks, and alterations of intracellular glutathione levels. Metabolization of ZEN, especially at concentrations above 7500 ng ml(-1) ZEN, does not prevent cytotoxicity. ZEN as an estrogenic compound may involve processes mediated by binding to estrogen receptors (ER). Since one cell line showed no detectable expression of ER, an ER-mediated pathway seems to be unlikely in these cells. This confirms a lysosomal pathway as a main target of ZEN in fish cells

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Jürg Noser; Felix E. Wettstein; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Unraveling the mechanisms involved in zearalenone-mediated toxicity in permanent fish cell cultures. Toxicon 2014, 88, 44 -61.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Jürg Noser, Felix E. Wettstein, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Unraveling the mechanisms involved in zearalenone-mediated toxicity in permanent fish cell cultures. Toxicon. 2014; 88 ():44-61.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Jürg Noser; Felix E. Wettstein; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. 2014. "Unraveling the mechanisms involved in zearalenone-mediated toxicity in permanent fish cell cultures." Toxicon 88, no. : 44-61.

Journal article
Published: 05 July 2014 in Cell Biology and Toxicology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The worldwide distribution and high bioaccumulation potential of pentachlorophenol (PCP) in aquatic organisms imply a high toxicological impact in aquatic systems. Firstly, our investigations show that, similar to mammalian cell lines, PCP can be metabolized to tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) in the permanent cell line derived from rainbow trout liver cells (RTL-W1). Moreover, we demonstrate that PCP as well as its metabolite TCHQ is capable of influencing the viability of these cells. Three cell viability assays were performed to assess possible cellular targets of these substances. Thus, the cytotoxicity of the PCP-derivative TCHQ was shown for the first time in a fish cell line. Further investigations revealed the involvement of ROS in the cytotoxicity of PCP and its metabolite TCHQ. The observation of oxidative stress provides a plausible explanation for the increased cytotoxicity at higher concentrations especially for PCP and implies possible mechanisms underlying these observations. In addition, antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and quercetin modulate the detrimental effects of PCP and TCHQ whereby both compounds exacerbate the cytotoxic effects of high PCP and TCHQ concentrations

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Juliane Hollender; Falk Dorusch; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Cytotoxic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) on liver cells are modulated by antioxidants. Cell Biology and Toxicology 2014, 30, 233 -252.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Juliane Hollender, Falk Dorusch, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Cytotoxic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) on liver cells are modulated by antioxidants. Cell Biology and Toxicology. 2014; 30 (4):233-252.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Juliane Hollender; Falk Dorusch; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. 2014. "Cytotoxic effects of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and its metabolite tetrachlorohydroquinone (TCHQ) on liver cells are modulated by antioxidants." Cell Biology and Toxicology 30, no. 4: 233-252.

Research article
Published: 03 July 2014 in PLOS ONE
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Worldwide increases in fluvial fine sediment are a threat to aquatic animal health. Fluvial fine sediment is always a mixture of particles whose mineralogical composition differs depending on the sediment source and catchment area geology. Nonetheless, whether particle impact in aquatic organisms differs between mineral species remains to be investigated. This study applied an in vitro approach to evaluate cytotoxicity and uptake of four common fluvial mineral particles (quartz, feldspar, mica, and kaolin; concentrations: 10, 50, 250 mg L−1) in the rainbow trout epithelial gill cell line RTgill-W1. Cells were exposed for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Cytotoxicity assays for cell membrane integrity (propidium iodide assay), oxidative stress (H2DCF-DA assay), and metabolic activity (MTT assay) were applied. These assays were complemented with cell counts and transmission electron microscopy. Regardless of mineral species, particles ≤2 µm in diameter were taken up by the cells, suggesting that particles of all mineral species came into contact and interacted with the cells. Not all particles, however, caused strong cytotoxicity: Among all assays the tectosilicates quartz and feldspar caused sporadic maximum changes of 0.8–1.2-fold compared to controls. In contrast, cytotoxicity of the clay particles was distinctly stronger and even differed between the two particle types: mica induced concentration-dependent increases in free radicals, with consistent 1.6–1.8-fold-changes at the 250 mg L−1 concentration, and a dilated endoplasmic reticulum. Kaolin caused concentration-dependent increases in cell membrane damage, with consistent 1.3–1.6-fold increases at the 250 mg L−1 concentration. All effects occurred in the presence or absence of 10% fetal bovine serum. Cell numbers per se were marginally affected. Results indicate that (i.) natural mineral particles can be cytotoxic to gill epithelial cells, (ii.) their cytotoxic potential differs between mineral species, with clay particles being more cytotoxic, and (iii.) some clays might induce effects comparable to engineered nanoparticles.

ACS Style

Christian Michel; Simon Herzog; Christian De Capitani; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm; Constanze Pietsch. Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro. PLOS ONE 2014, 9, e100856 .

AMA Style

Christian Michel, Simon Herzog, Christian De Capitani, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm, Constanze Pietsch. Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro. PLOS ONE. 2014; 9 (7):e100856.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christian Michel; Simon Herzog; Christian De Capitani; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm; Constanze Pietsch. 2014. "Natural Mineral Particles Are Cytotoxic to Rainbow Trout Gill Epithelial Cells In Vitro." PLOS ONE 9, no. 7: e100856.

Journal article
Published: 01 June 2014 in Food and Chemical Toxicology
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Deoxynivalenol (DON) frequently contaminates animal feed, including fish feedused in aquaculture. This study intends to further investigate the effects of DON on carp(Cyprinus carpio L.) at concentrations representative for commercial fish feeds.Experimental feeding with 352, 619 or 953 μg DON kg−1 feed resulted in unaltered growthperformance of fish during six weeks of experimentation, but increased lipid peroxidationwas observed in liver, head kidney and spleen after feeding of fish with the highest DONconcentration. These effects of DON were mostly reversible by two weeks of feeding theuncontaminated control diet. Histopathological scoring revealed increased liver damage inDON-treated fish, which persisted even after the recovery phase. At the highest DONconcentration, significantly more fat, and consequently, increased energy content, wasfound in whole fish body homogenates. This suggests that DON affects nutrientmetabolism in carp. Changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in kidneys andmuscle and high lactate levels in serum indicate an effect of DON on anaerobicmetabolism. Serum albumin was reduced by feeding the medium and a high dosage ofDON, probably due to the ribotoxic action of DON. Thus, the present study providesevidence of the effects of DON on liver function and metabolism

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Christian Michel; Susanne Kersten; Hana Valenta; Sven Dänicke; Carsten Schulz; Werner Kloas; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. In vivo effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on innate immune responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Food and Chemical Toxicology 2014, 68, 44 -52.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Christian Michel, Susanne Kersten, Hana Valenta, Sven Dänicke, Carsten Schulz, Werner Kloas, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. In vivo effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on innate immune responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). Food and Chemical Toxicology. 2014; 68 ():44-52.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Christian Michel; Susanne Kersten; Hana Valenta; Sven Dänicke; Carsten Schulz; Werner Kloas; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. 2014. "In vivo effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) on innate immune responses of carp (Cyprinus carpio L.)." Food and Chemical Toxicology 68, no. : 44-52.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2014 in Toxins
Reads 0
Downloads 0

Deoxynivalenol (DON) frequently contaminates animal feed, including fish feed used in aquaculture. This study intends to further investigate the effects of DON on carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) at concentrations representative for commercial fish feeds. Experimental feeding with 352, 619 or 953 μg DON kg−1 feed resulted in unaltered growth performance of fish during six weeks of experimentation, but increased lipid peroxidation was observed in liver, head kidney and spleen after feeding of fish with the highest DON concentration. These effects of DON were mostly reversible by two weeks of feeding the uncontaminated control diet. Histopathological scoring revealed increased liver damage in DON-treated fish, which persisted even after the recovery phase. At the highest DON concentration, significantly more fat, and consequently, increased energy content, was found in whole fish body homogenates. This suggests that DON affects nutrient metabolism in carp. Changes of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in kidneys and muscle and high lactate levels in serum indicate an effect of DON on anaerobic metabolism. Serum albumin was reduced by feeding the medium and a high dosage of DON, probably due to the ribotoxic action of DON. Thus, the present study provides evidence of the effects of DON on liver function and metabolism.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Carsten Schulz; Pere Rovira; Werner Kloas; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Organ Damage and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after Feed-Borne Exposure to the Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol (DON). Toxins 2014, 6, 756 -778.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Carsten Schulz, Pere Rovira, Werner Kloas, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. Organ Damage and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after Feed-Borne Exposure to the Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol (DON). Toxins. 2014; 6 (2):756-778.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Carsten Schulz; Pere Rovira; Werner Kloas; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm. 2014. "Organ Damage and Hepatic Lipid Accumulation in Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) after Feed-Borne Exposure to the Mycotoxin, Deoxynivalenol (DON)." Toxins 6, no. 2: 756-778.

Communication
Published: 16 January 2013 in Toxins
Reads 0
Downloads 0

The control of mycotoxins is a global challenge not only in human consumption but also in nutrition of farm animals including aquatic species. Fusarium toxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN), are common contaminants of animal feed but no study reported the occurrence of both mycotoxins in fish feed so far. Here, we report for the first time the occurrence of DON and ZEN in samples of commercial fish feed designed for nutrition of cyprinids collected from central Europe. A maximal DON concentration of 825 μg kg−1 feed was found in one feed whereas average values of 289 μg kg−1 feed were noted. ZEN was the more prevalent mycotoxin but the concentrations were lower showing an average level of 67.9 μg kg−1 feed.

ACS Style

Constanze Pietsch; Susanne Kersten; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm; Hana Valenta; Sven Dänicke. Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Commercial Fish Feed: An Initial Study. Toxins 2013, 5, 184 -192.

AMA Style

Constanze Pietsch, Susanne Kersten, Patricia Burkhardt-Holm, Hana Valenta, Sven Dänicke. Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Commercial Fish Feed: An Initial Study. Toxins. 2013; 5 (1):184-192.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Constanze Pietsch; Susanne Kersten; Patricia Burkhardt-Holm; Hana Valenta; Sven Dänicke. 2013. "Occurrence of Deoxynivalenol and Zearalenone in Commercial Fish Feed: An Initial Study." Toxins 5, no. 1: 184-192.