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Sven Dänicke
Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Bundesallee 37, 38116 Braunschweig, Germany

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Feed

Journal article
Published: 23 August 2021 in Toxins
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Mycotoxin contaminated feed has been associated with colic of horses caused by intestinal disorders. Whether such disease conditions alter the intestinal toxin metabolism and transfer across a compromised mucosal barrier is unknown. A screening approach was used to relate blood residue levels of DON, ZEN and their metabolites to the status of the horses (sick vs. healthy). A total of 55 clinically healthy horses from 6 different farms with varying feeding background served as control for sick horses (N = 102) hospitalized due to colic. ZEN, alpha-zearalenol (ZEL), beta-ZEL and DON were detectable in peripheral blood as indicators for the inner exposure with significant farm effects for alpha- and beta-ZEL. However, the levels in sick horses were similar to all farms. Moreover, the proportion of beta-ZEL of all detected ZEN metabolites as an indicator for the degree of metabolism of ZEN was not different for sick horses but differed amongst the control farms. Although the incidence of DON in blood was generally low and not significantly different amongst healthy and sick horses, the positive samples were nearly exclusively found in sick horses suggesting either a higher toxin transfer, an association of DON with the development of colic or a different feeding background.

ACS Style

Sven Dänicke; Janine Saltzmann; Wendy Liermann; Maren Glatter; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Annette Zeyner; Karsten Feige; Tobias Warnken. Evaluation of Inner Exposure of Horses to Zearalenone (ZEN), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Their Metabolites in Relation to Colic and Health-Related Clinical-Chemical Traits. Toxins 2021, 13, 588 .

AMA Style

Sven Dänicke, Janine Saltzmann, Wendy Liermann, Maren Glatter, Liane Hüther, Susanne Kersten, Annette Zeyner, Karsten Feige, Tobias Warnken. Evaluation of Inner Exposure of Horses to Zearalenone (ZEN), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Their Metabolites in Relation to Colic and Health-Related Clinical-Chemical Traits. Toxins. 2021; 13 (8):588.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sven Dänicke; Janine Saltzmann; Wendy Liermann; Maren Glatter; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Annette Zeyner; Karsten Feige; Tobias Warnken. 2021. "Evaluation of Inner Exposure of Horses to Zearalenone (ZEN), Deoxynivalenol (DON) and Their Metabolites in Relation to Colic and Health-Related Clinical-Chemical Traits." Toxins 13, no. 8: 588.

Journal article
Published: 04 July 2021 in Archives of Animal Nutrition
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It is useful to predict metabolisable energy (ME) concentration based on crude nutrients which can be determined on a laboratory scale to formulate compound feeds for pigs based on ME concentration and to control the declared concentration. In 2008 such an equation was derived premised on 290 balance experiments showing strong associations between ME predicted by digestible crude nutrients and by crude nutrients themselves. Since the suitability of a regression-based prediction equation might be strongly influenced by the number of observations, the current study aimed at 1) checking the suitability of the existing prediction equation by including more datasets and 2) deriving a revised prediction equation. The equations were evaluated by correlation and regression analyses using the energy content calculated on the basis of crude nutrients according to the previously used (MES) and the newly derived (MESnew) equations as well as the energy content calculated on the basis of digestible nutrients (MED). MED was correlated with MES (rs = 0.784; p < 0.001) and MESnew (rs = 0.802; p < 0.001). The root mean square error or the adjusted r2was 0.332 MJ/kg DM or 0.830 for the regression of MES on MED, and 0.323 MJ/kg DM or 0.839 for the regression of MESnew on MED. Although the regressive evaluation for the prediction of ME revealed satisfying results, the remaining residual variation not explainable by the regression model should be considered. The minimum span of the prediction interval of the regression of MES or MESnew on MED covered a range of 0.65 and 0.64 MJ/kg DM, suggesting the variability of ME estimations to be expected when based on crude nutrients. The quality parameters for the newly derived equation were minimally better and the correlation coefficient between MED and both, MESnew and MES, was strong. Since there is also a non-negligible inaccuracy in the estimation of ME content using the newly derived equation and as the quality parameters were only slightly better, there is at this point no need to introduce the new equation. In future studies, alternative analytical methods for determining the concentration of ME in compound feeds should be considered to improve the accuracy of estimation equations.

ACS Style

Angelika Grümpel-Schlüter; Andreas Berk; Martin Schäffler; Hubert Spiekers; Sven Dänicke. Evaluation of an equation for predicting metabolisable energy concentration in compound feeds for pigs. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2021, 75, 251 -262.

AMA Style

Angelika Grümpel-Schlüter, Andreas Berk, Martin Schäffler, Hubert Spiekers, Sven Dänicke. Evaluation of an equation for predicting metabolisable energy concentration in compound feeds for pigs. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2021; 75 (4):251-262.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Angelika Grümpel-Schlüter; Andreas Berk; Martin Schäffler; Hubert Spiekers; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Evaluation of an equation for predicting metabolisable energy concentration in compound feeds for pigs." Archives of Animal Nutrition 75, no. 4: 251-262.

Journal article
Published: 15 June 2021 in Animals
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Methane (CH4) from ruminal feed degradation is a major pollutant from ruminant livestock, which calls for mitigation strategies. The purpose of the present 4 × 2 factorial arrangement was to investigate the dose–response relationships between four doses of the CH4 inhibitor 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP) and potential synergistic effects with low (LC) or high (HC) concentrate feed proportions (CFP) on CH4 reduction as both mitigation approaches differ in their mode of action (direct 3-NOP vs. indirect CFP effects). Diet substrates and 3-NOP were incubated in a rumen simulation technique to measure the concentration and production of volatile fatty acids (VFA), fermentation gases as well as substrate disappearance. Negative side effects on fermentation regarding total VFA and gas production as well as nutrient degradability were observed for neither CFP nor 3-NOP. CH4 production decreased from 10% up to 97% in a dose-dependent manner with increasing 3-NOP inclusion rate (dose: p< 0.001) but irrespective of CFP (CFP × dose: p = 0.094). Hydrogen gas accumulated correspondingly with increased 3-NOP dose (dose: p< 0.001). In vitro pH (p = 0.019) and redox potential (p = 0.066) varied by CFP, whereas the latter fluctuated with 3-NOP dose (p = 0.01). Acetate and iso-butyrate (mol %) decreased with 3-NOP dose, whereas iso-valerate increased (dose: p< 0.001). Propionate and valerate varied inconsistently due to 3-NOP supplementation. The feed additive 3-NOP was proven to be a dose-dependent yet effective CH4 inhibitor under conditions in vitro. The observed lack of additivity of increased CFP on the CH4 inhibition potential of 3-NOP needs to be verified in future research testing further diet types both in vitro and in vivo.

ACS Style

Matthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique. Animals 2021, 11, 1784 .

AMA Style

Matthias Schilde, Dirk von Soosten, Liane Hüther, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique. Animals. 2021; 11 (6):1784.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Dose–Response Effects of 3-Nitrooxypropanol Combined with Low- and High-Concentrate Feed Proportions in the Dairy Cow Ration on Fermentation Parameters in a Rumen Simulation Technique." Animals 11, no. 6: 1784.

Articles
Published: 01 March 2021 in Archives of Animal Nutrition
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The climate-relevant enteric methane (CH4) formation represents a loss of feed energy that is potentially meaningful for energetically undersupplied peripartal dairy cows. Higher concentrate feed proportions (CFP) are known to reduce CH4 emissions in cows. The same applies to the feed additive 3-nitrooxypropanol (3-NOP), albeit through different mechanisms. It was hypothesised that the hydrogen not utilised for CH4 formation through the inhibition by 3-NOP would be sequestered by propionate formation triggered by higher CFP so that it could thereby give rise to a synergistically reduced CH4 emission. In a 2 × 2-factorial design, low (LC) or high (HC) CFP were either tested without supplements (CONLC, CONHC) or combined with 3-NOP (NOPLC, 48.4 mg/kg dry matter (DM); NOPHC, 51.2 mg 3-NOP/kg DM). These four rations were fed to a total of 55 Holstein cows from d 28 ante partum until d 120 post partum. DM intake (DMI) was not affected by 3-NOP but increased with CFP (CFP; p < 0.001). CH4/DMI and CH4/energy-corrected milk (ECM) were mitigated by 3-NOP (23% NOPLC, 33% NOPHC) (p < 0.001) and high CFP (12% CON, 22% 3-NOP groups) (CFP × TIME p < 0.001). Under the conditions of the present experiment, the CH4 emissions of NOPLC increased to the level of the CON groups from week 8 until the end of trial (3-NOP × CFP × TIME; p < 0.01). CO2 yield decreased by 3-NOP and high CFP (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.001). The reduced body weight loss and feed efficiency in HC groups paralleled a more positive energy balance being most obvious in NOPHC (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.001). ECM was lower for NOPHC compared to CONHC (3-NOP × CFP; p < 0.05), whereas LC groups did not differ. A decreased fat to protein ratio was observed in HC groups and, until week 6 post partum, in NOPLC. Milk lactose and urea increased by 3-NOP (3-NOP; p < 0.05). 3-NOP and high CFP changed rumen fermentation to a more propionic-metabolic profile (3-NOP; CFP; p < 0.01) but did not affect rumen pH. In conclusion, CH4 emission was synergistically reduced when high CFP was combined with 3-NOP while the CH4 mitigating 3-NOP effect decreased with progressing time when the supplement was added to the high-forage ration. The nature of these interactions needs to be clarified.

ACS Style

Matthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2021, 75, 79 -104.

AMA Style

Matthias Schilde, Dirk von Soosten, Liane Hüther, Ulrich Meyer, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2021; 75 (2):79-104.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Matthias Schilde; Dirk von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Effects of 3-nitrooxypropanol and varying concentrate feed proportions in the ration on methane emission, rumen fermentation and performance of periparturient dairy cows." Archives of Animal Nutrition 75, no. 2: 79-104.

Articles
Published: 21 February 2021 in Archives of Animal Nutrition
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Straw is the main by-product of grain production, used as bedding material and animal feed. If produced or stored under adverse hygienic conditions, straw is prone to the growth of filamentous fungi. Some of them, e.g. Aspergillus, Fusarium and Stachybotrys spp. are well-known mycotoxin producers. Since studies on mycotoxins in straw are scarce, 192 straw samples (wheat n = 80; barley n = 79; triticale n = 12; oat n = 11; rye n = 12) were collected across Germany within the German official feed surveillance and screened for the presence of 21 mycotoxins. The following mycotoxins (positive samples for at least one mycotoxin n = 184) were detected: zearalenone (n = 86, 6.0–785 μg/kg), nivalenol (n = 51, 30–2,600 μg/kg), deoxynivalenol (n = 156, 20–24,000 μg/kg), 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (n = 34, 20–2,400 μg/kg), 3-acetyl-deoxynivalenol (n = 16, 40–340 μg/kg), scirpentriol (n = 14, 40–680 μg/kg), T-2 toxin (n = 67, 10–250 μg/kg), HT-2 toxin (n = 92, 20–800 μg/kg), T-2 tetraol (n = 13, 70–480 μg/kg). 15-monoacetoxyscirpenol (30 μg/kg) and T-2 triol (60 μg/kg) were only detected in one barley sample. Macrocyclic trichothecenes (satratoxin G, F, roridin E, and verrucarin J) were also found in only one barley sample (quantified as roridin A equivalent: total 183 μg/kg). The occurrence of stachybotrylactam was monitored for the first time in four samples (n = 4, 0.96–7.4 μg/kg). Fusarenon-X, 4,15-diacetoxyscirpenol, neosolaniol, satratoxin H and roridin-L2 were not detectable in the samples. The results indicate a non-negligible contribution of straw to oral and possibly inhalation exposure to mycotoxins of animals or humans handling contaminated straw.

ACS Style

Sebastian Ulrich; Christoph Gottschalk; Barbara Biermaier; Eunike Bahlinger; Magdalena Twarużek; Sarah Asmussen; Margit Schollenberger; Hana Valenta; Frank Ebel; Sven Dänicke. Occurrence of type A, B and D trichothecenes, zearalenone and stachybotrylactam in straw. Archives of Animal Nutrition 2021, 75, 105 -120.

AMA Style

Sebastian Ulrich, Christoph Gottschalk, Barbara Biermaier, Eunike Bahlinger, Magdalena Twarużek, Sarah Asmussen, Margit Schollenberger, Hana Valenta, Frank Ebel, Sven Dänicke. Occurrence of type A, B and D trichothecenes, zearalenone and stachybotrylactam in straw. Archives of Animal Nutrition. 2021; 75 (2):105-120.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sebastian Ulrich; Christoph Gottschalk; Barbara Biermaier; Eunike Bahlinger; Magdalena Twarużek; Sarah Asmussen; Margit Schollenberger; Hana Valenta; Frank Ebel; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Occurrence of type A, B and D trichothecenes, zearalenone and stachybotrylactam in straw." Archives of Animal Nutrition 75, no. 2: 105-120.

Journal article
Published: 12 January 2021 in Dairy
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The objectives of this study were to examine the effects of varying dietary energy supply as well as the impacts of subclinical ketosis (SCK) on blood chemistry and liver health. A total 63 German-Holstein cows were housed from three weeks antepartum until sixteen weeks postpartum. After calving, cows were assigned to one of four treatment groups receiving either moderate or high energy concentrations in roughage and secondly moderate or high amounts of concentrates. Retrospectively, cows were additionally grouped according to their β-hydroxybutyrate concentration (SK: cows with SCK vs. CON: cows without SCK). The different energy supply of treatment groups had little effects on blood and liver variables; greater differences occurred between SK and CON cows. Liver fat content of SK cows was 34% higher compared to CON cows. Also, the activity of aspartate aminotransferase and γ-glutamyl transferase, bilirubin concentration, and percentage of granulocytes were increased in SK cows. The results indicate that cows were able to adjust their metabolism to different dietary energy supplies without having a clearly increased risks for metabolic disorders. However, individual animals of all groups developed a metabolic derailment during the postpartum period resulting in SCK, which is closely connected with impaired liver function, compromised immune-responsiveness, and elevated oxidative stress.

ACS Style

Rolf Schmitz; Karina Schnabel; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Liane Hüther; Hubert Spiekers; Jürgen Rehage; Helga Sauerwein; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. Dairy 2021, 2, 25 -39.

AMA Style

Rolf Schmitz, Karina Schnabel, Jana Frahm, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Liane Hüther, Hubert Spiekers, Jürgen Rehage, Helga Sauerwein, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation. Dairy. 2021; 2 (1):25-39.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rolf Schmitz; Karina Schnabel; Jana Frahm; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Liane Hüther; Hubert Spiekers; Jürgen Rehage; Helga Sauerwein; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Effects of Energy Supply from Roughage and Concentrates and the Occurrence of Subclinical Ketosis on Blood Chemistry and Liver Health in Lactating Dairy Cows during Early Lactation." Dairy 2, no. 1: 25-39.

Journal article
Published: 10 January 2021 in Animals
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L-carnitine plays an important role in energy metabolism through supporting the transport of activated fatty acids to the subcellular site of β-oxidation. An acute phase reaction (APR) is known as an energy consuming process. Lipopolysaccharides (LPS) are often used in animal models to study intervention measures during innate immune responses such as APR. Thus, the aim of the study was to investigate the effects of dietary l-carnitine supplementation during an LPS-induced APR in mid-lactating German Holstein cows. Animals were assigned to a control (CON, n = 26) or l-carnitine group (CAR, n = 27, 25 g rumen-protected l-carnitine/cow/d) and received an intravenous injection of LPS (0.5 μg/kg body weight) at day 111 post-partum. Blood samples were collected from day 1 pre-injection until day 14 post-injection (pi). From 0.5 h pi until 72 h pi blood samplings and clinical examinations were performed in short intervals. Clinical signs of the APR were not altered in group CAR except rumen motility which increased at a lower level compared to the CON group after a period of atonia. Group CAR maintained a higher insulin level compared to group CON even up to 72 h pi which might support glucose utilization following an APR.

ACS Style

Jennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Kononov; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamad Taher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Anja Wegerich; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows. Animals 2021, 11, 136 .

AMA Style

Jennifer Meyer, Susanne Ursula Kononov, Sandra Grindler, Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter, Mohamad Taher Alaedin, Jana Frahm, Liane Hüther, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Erika Most, Klaus Eder, Helga Sauerwein, Jana Seifert, Korinna Huber, Anja Wegerich, Jürgen Rehage, Sven Dänicke. Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows. Animals. 2021; 11 (1):136.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Kononov; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamad Taher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Anja Wegerich; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. 2021. "Dietary l-carnitine Supplementation Modifies the Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Phase Reaction in Dairy Cows." Animals 11, no. 1: 136.

Journal article
Published: 06 January 2021 in Toxins
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Sows were fed naturally contaminated diets containing: (i) 100 ppb zearalenone (ZEN) one week before farrowing and during the lactation period (at 26 days), (ii) 100 ppb ZEN one week before farrowing and 300 ppb ZEN during the lactation period, or (iii) 300 ppb ZEN one week before farrowing and during the lactation period. All diets contained 250 ppb deoxynivalenol (DON). The highest levels of ZEN, α-ZEL, or β-ZEL were observed in the serum of sows fed 300 ppb ZEN before farrowing and during lactation. However, only α-ZEL was significantly increased in the colostrum and milk of these sows. Sows fed the 300 ppb ZEN during the complete trial presented a significant decrease in backfat thickness before farrowing. This effect was accompanied by a decrease in serum leptin levels. These sows also presented a decrease in estradiol levels and this effect was observed in their piglets exposed during lactation, which presented increased glucagon-like peptide 1, but no changes in serum levels of ZEN, α-ZEL, or β-ZEL. Although all sows were fed the same levels of DON, the serum levels of DON and de-epoxy-DON were increased only in the serum of piglets from the sows fed a diet with the highest ZEN levels during the whole experimental period. Moreover, these piglets presented gut inflammation, as indicated by significantly increased calprotectin levels in their serum.

ACS Style

Xandra Benthem De Grave; Janine Saltzmann; Julia Laurain; Maria A Rodriguez; Francesc Molist; Sven Dänicke; Regiane R Santos. Transmission of Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, and Their Derivatives from Sows to Piglets During Lactation. Toxins 2021, 13, 37 .

AMA Style

Xandra Benthem De Grave, Janine Saltzmann, Julia Laurain, Maria A Rodriguez, Francesc Molist, Sven Dänicke, Regiane R Santos. Transmission of Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, and Their Derivatives from Sows to Piglets During Lactation. Toxins. 2021; 13 (1):37.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Xandra Benthem De Grave; Janine Saltzmann; Julia Laurain; Maria A Rodriguez; Francesc Molist; Sven Dänicke; Regiane R Santos. 2021. "Transmission of Zearalenone, Deoxynivalenol, and Their Derivatives from Sows to Piglets During Lactation." Toxins 13, no. 1: 37.

Journal article
Published: 22 December 2020 in Dairy
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During late gestation and early lactation, many proliferative processes and metabolic adaptions are involved in homeorhesis. An adjusted supply of oxygen is a precondition for an optimized cellular energy metabolism whereby erythrocytes play a central role. Endogenous L-carnitine modulates the mitochondrial fatty acid utilization for generating adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As it might be insufficient around calving due to increased need, L-carnitine supplementation is frequently recommended. Thus, the present study addressed the interplay between the red hemogram, platelets, oxidative stress indices, and L-carnitine supplementation of dairy cows around calving. German Holstein cows were assigned to a control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g of rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and per day), and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 postpartum (pp), with a higher sampling frequency during the first three days pp. The time courses of the erythrogram parameters reflected the physiological adaptations to the oxygen need without being influenced by L-carnitine supplementation. Erythrocytic antioxidative enzymatic defence paralleled the relative development of polycythemia ap, while non-enzymatic total plasma antioxidative capacity continuously increased pp. In contrast to erythrocytes, the platelet counts of the L-carnitine supplemented cows varied at significantly higher levels. This can be interpreted as a result of a membrane-stabilizing effect of L-carnitine.

ACS Style

Susanne Ursula Kononov; Jennifer Meyer; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Jeannette Kluess; Ulrich Meyer; Korinna Huber; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Platelets and Erythrogram of Dairy Cows with Special Emphasis on Parturition. Dairy 2020, 2, 1 -13.

AMA Style

Susanne Ursula Kononov, Jennifer Meyer, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Jeannette Kluess, Ulrich Meyer, Korinna Huber, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Platelets and Erythrogram of Dairy Cows with Special Emphasis on Parturition. Dairy. 2020; 2 (1):1-13.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Susanne Ursula Kononov; Jennifer Meyer; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Jeannette Kluess; Ulrich Meyer; Korinna Huber; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Platelets and Erythrogram of Dairy Cows with Special Emphasis on Parturition." Dairy 2, no. 1: 1-13.

Journal article
Published: 30 November 2020 in Animals
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The present study aimed at evaluating the influences of different concentrate feed proportions in the ration offered to dairy cows post partum with different body condition scores (BCS) before calving. Therefore, 60 pluriparous cows were divided 42 days before expected calving into two groups with a higher or an adequate BCS. After calving, both groups were further subdivided into a group fed a ration with either a low concentrate feed proportion (C, 35% at dry matter basis) or a high (60% at dry matter basis) one. It was hypothesized that different BCS would lead to different reactions concerning varying concentrate feed proportions. Isolated BCS effects were detected in the white blood profile only before calving. Neither low nor high concentrate feed proportions affected hematological, blood immune cell phenotypes and inflammatory markers consistently irrespective of BCS group. It was concluded, that the assessed BCS span covered a range in which the capability of cows to cope with different dietary post partum energy supply remained unchanged.

ACS Style

Katharina Bünemann; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Helga Sauerwein; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 2251 .

AMA Style

Katharina Bünemann, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Liane Hüther, Ulrich Meyer, Helga Sauerwein, Jürgen Hummel, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (12):2251.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katharina Bünemann; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Helga Sauerwein; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of Pre-Calving Body Condition and Different post partum Concentrate Feed Proportions on Immune-Associated and Hematological Parameters in Pluriparous Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 12: 2251.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2020 in Metabolites
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Sphingolipids are bioactive lipids that can modulate insulin sensitivity, cellular differentiation, and apoptosis in a tissue-specific manner. However, their comparative profiles in bovine retroperitoneal (RPAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) are currently unknown. We aimed to characterize the sphingolipid profiles using a targeted lipidomics approach and to assess whether potentially related sphingolipid pathways are different between SCAT and RPAT. Holstein bulls (n = 6) were slaughtered, and SCAT and RPAT samples were collected for sphingolipid profiling. A total of 70 sphingolipid species were detected and quantified by UPLC-MS/MS in multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode, including ceramide (Cer), dihydroceramide (DHCer), sphingomyelin (SM), dihydrosphingomyelin (DHSM), ceramide-1-phosphate (C1P), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), galactosylceramide (GalCer), glucosylceramide (GluCer), lactosylceramide (LacCer), sphinganine (DHSph), and sphingosine (Sph). Our results showed that sphingolipids of the de novo synthesis pathway, such as DHSph, DHCer, and Cer, were more concentrated in RPAT than in SCAT. Sphingolipids of the salvage pathway and the sphingomyelinase pathway, such as Sph, S1P, C1P, glycosphingolipid, and SM, were more concentrated in SCAT. Our results indicate that RPAT had a greater extent of ceramide accumulation, thereby increasing the concentration of further sphingolipid intermediates in the de novo synthesis pathway. This distinctive sphingolipid distribution pattern in RPAT and SCAT can potentially explain the tissue-specific activity in insulin sensitivity, proinflammation, and oxidative stress in RPAT and SCAT.

ACS Style

Yue Hei Leung; Sonja Christiane Bäßler; Christian Koch; Theresa Scheu; Ulrich Meyer; Sven Dänicke; Korinna Huber; Ákos Kenéz. Sphingolipid Profiling Reveals Different Extent of Ceramide Accumulation in Bovine Retroperitoneal and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues. Metabolites 2020, 10, 473 .

AMA Style

Yue Hei Leung, Sonja Christiane Bäßler, Christian Koch, Theresa Scheu, Ulrich Meyer, Sven Dänicke, Korinna Huber, Ákos Kenéz. Sphingolipid Profiling Reveals Different Extent of Ceramide Accumulation in Bovine Retroperitoneal and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues. Metabolites. 2020; 10 (11):473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Yue Hei Leung; Sonja Christiane Bäßler; Christian Koch; Theresa Scheu; Ulrich Meyer; Sven Dänicke; Korinna Huber; Ákos Kenéz. 2020. "Sphingolipid Profiling Reveals Different Extent of Ceramide Accumulation in Bovine Retroperitoneal and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues." Metabolites 10, no. 11: 473.

Research article
Published: 22 October 2020 in Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety
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Feedingstuffs are frequently contaminated with sclerotia (ergot) of the phytopathogenic fungus Claviceps purpurea. Ergot contains ergot alkaloids (EA), but the amount and composition of these substances may be highly variable hampering the extrapolation of the amount of EA from the ergot content. 600 different feed samples from the harvest years 2011–2014 (rye, triticale, wheat, mixed cereal grains or compound feed), preferably those with visible ergot infestation, were analyzed for both parameters ergot and EA content in a German monitoring program. The analytical results were employed for statistical evaluation using the software JMP® 13. The data show that the correlation between the ergot and the EA content was rather poor, especially for rye, the grain most frequently contaminated with ergot and EA. Consequently, effects on animal health correlated much better with EA than with ergot content. Furthermore, it shows that the current European law for undesirable substances (Directive 2002/32/EC) restricting the ergot content in feed materials and compound feed containing unground cereals is not fully sufficient to protect animal health. Therefore, preliminary guidance values for species-specific critical values for total EA content in the diets are derived and suggested for practical use. Further research is needed to verify these preliminary guidance values and to improve risk evaluation in consideration of the significant variability in the species-specific sensitivity.

ACS Style

Christine Schwake-Anduschus; Nicole Lorenz; Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt; Anke Lauche; Sven Dänicke. German monitoring 2012–2014: ergot of Claviceps purpurea and ergot alkaloids (EA) in feedingstuffs and their toxicological relevance for animal feeding. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety 2020, 15, 321 -329.

AMA Style

Christine Schwake-Anduschus, Nicole Lorenz, Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt, Anke Lauche, Sven Dänicke. German monitoring 2012–2014: ergot of Claviceps purpurea and ergot alkaloids (EA) in feedingstuffs and their toxicological relevance for animal feeding. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety. 2020; 15 (4):321-329.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Christine Schwake-Anduschus; Nicole Lorenz; Monika Lahrssen-Wiederholt; Anke Lauche; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "German monitoring 2012–2014: ergot of Claviceps purpurea and ergot alkaloids (EA) in feedingstuffs and their toxicological relevance for animal feeding." Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety 15, no. 4: 321-329.

Research article
Published: 23 July 2020 in Innate Immunity
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The sensitivity of pigs to deoxynivalenol (DON) might be influenced by systemic inflammation (SI) which impacts liver. Besides following acute-phase proteins, our aim was to investigate both the hepatic fractional albumin (ALB) synthesis rate (FSR) and the ALB concentration as indicators of ALB metabolism in presence and absence of SI induced by LPS via pre- or post-hepatic venous route. Each infusion group was pre-conditioned either with a control diet (CON, 0.12 mg DON/kg diet) or with a DON-contaminated diet (DON, 4.59 mg DON/kg diet) for 4 wk. A depression of ALB FSR was observed 195 min after LPS challenge, independent of feeding group or LPS application route, which was not paralleled by a down-regulated ALB mRNA expression but by a reduced availability of free cysteine. The drop in ALB FSR only partly explained the plasma ALB concentrations which were more depressed in the DON-pre-exposed groups, suggesting that ALB levels are influenced by further mechanisms. The abundances of haptoglobin, C-reactive protein, serum amyloid A, pig major acute-phase protein, fibrinogen and LPS-binding protein mRNA were up-regulated upon LPS stimulation but not accompanied by increases in the plasma concentrations of these proteins, pointing at an imbalance between synthesis and consumption.

ACS Style

Sven Dänicke; Erik Bannert; Tanja Tesch; Susanne Kersten; Jana Frahm; Susanne Bühler; Helga Sauerwein; Solvig Görs; Stefan Kahlert; Hermann-Josef Rothkötter; Cornelia C Metges; Jeannette Kluess. Oral exposure of pigs to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol does not modulate the hepatic albumin synthesis during a LPS-induced acute-phase reaction. Innate Immunity 2020, 26, 716 -732.

AMA Style

Sven Dänicke, Erik Bannert, Tanja Tesch, Susanne Kersten, Jana Frahm, Susanne Bühler, Helga Sauerwein, Solvig Görs, Stefan Kahlert, Hermann-Josef Rothkötter, Cornelia C Metges, Jeannette Kluess. Oral exposure of pigs to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol does not modulate the hepatic albumin synthesis during a LPS-induced acute-phase reaction. Innate Immunity. 2020; 26 (8):716-732.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sven Dänicke; Erik Bannert; Tanja Tesch; Susanne Kersten; Jana Frahm; Susanne Bühler; Helga Sauerwein; Solvig Görs; Stefan Kahlert; Hermann-Josef Rothkötter; Cornelia C Metges; Jeannette Kluess. 2020. "Oral exposure of pigs to the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol does not modulate the hepatic albumin synthesis during a LPS-induced acute-phase reaction." Innate Immunity 26, no. 8: 716-732.

Journal article
Published: 06 July 2020 in Dairy
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A feeding experiment was carried out with late-lactating cows over 12 weeks to evaluate the feeding value of a basic diet with maize and grass silage (MS, GS) when combined with varying portions of concentrate in the ration (20% and 60% on a dry matter basis) and to test the effects on health and performance, the transfer of important Fusarium toxins to blood and milk, the total and Shiga toxin (stx)-forming E. coli counts, and the presence of Clostridium botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) genes in rectal fecal samples. MS was contaminated by a broader spectrum of fungal and other metabolites compared to GS. MS contained higher concentrations of the important Fusarium toxins deoxynivalenol (DON) and zearalenone (ZEN). Blood and milk levels of DON and ZEN residues generally reflected the differences in exposure at a low level. Feeding of MS with 60% concentrate feed induced subacute ruminal acidosis (SARA) associated with a marked drop in dry matter intake, fat corrected milk yield and a fat to protein ratio in milk of lower than 1.The SARA-associated higher ruminal LPS concentration did not affect the circulating concentrations of haptoglobin as an indicator of systemic inflammation. Lower rumen pH values in both MS-fed groups were associated with lower pH values, higher absolute E. coli counts and increased proportions of stx-positive E. coli in rectal feces. BoNT genes A, B, C, D, E and F remained undetectable in any of the fecal samples suggesting that feedstuffs were virtually free of the corresponding C. botulinum strains. In conclusion, maize feedstuff (silage, grains, starch-containing byproducts)-dominated rations for dairy cows should be avoided to reduce adverse effects on health and food safety.

ACS Style

Sven Dänicke; Julia Krenz; Christian Seyboldt; Heinrich Neubauer; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Karsten Meyer; Janine Saltzmann; Wolfram Richardt; Gerhard Breves; Helga Sauerwein; Michael Sulyok; Ulrich Meyer; Lutz Geue. Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety. Dairy 2020, 1, 91 -126.

AMA Style

Sven Dänicke, Julia Krenz, Christian Seyboldt, Heinrich Neubauer, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Karsten Meyer, Janine Saltzmann, Wolfram Richardt, Gerhard Breves, Helga Sauerwein, Michael Sulyok, Ulrich Meyer, Lutz Geue. Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety. Dairy. 2020; 1 (2):91-126.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sven Dänicke; Julia Krenz; Christian Seyboldt; Heinrich Neubauer; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Karsten Meyer; Janine Saltzmann; Wolfram Richardt; Gerhard Breves; Helga Sauerwein; Michael Sulyok; Ulrich Meyer; Lutz Geue. 2020. "Maize and Grass Silage Feeding to Dairy Cows Combined with Different Concentrate Feed Proportions with a Special Focus on Mycotoxins, Shiga Toxin (stx)-Forming Escherichia coli and Clostridium botulinum Neurotoxin (BoNT) Genes: Implications for Animal Health and Food Safety." Dairy 1, no. 2: 91-126.

Review
Published: 23 March 2020 in Dairy
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The purpose of this review is to identify the main influencing factors related to dairy cow health as it impacts the intensity of greenhouse gas emissions considering known data presented in the literature. For this study, we define the emission intensity as CO2 equivalents per kilogram of milk. In dairy cows, a high dry matter (DM) intake (25 kg/d) leads to an higher absolute methane emission compared to a lower DM intake (10 kg/d). However, the emission intensity is decreased at a high performance level. The emissions caused by DM intake to cover the energy requirement for maintenance are distributed over a higher milk yield. Therefore, the emission intensity per kilogram of product is decreased for high-yielding animals with a high DM intake. Apart from that, animal diseases as well as poor environmental or nutritional conditions are responsible for a decreased DM intake and a compromised performance. As a result, animal diseases not only mean reduced productivity, but also increased emission intensity. The productive life-span of a dairy cow is closely related to animal health, and the impact on emission intensity is enormous. A model calculation shows that cows with five to eight lactations could have a reduced emission intensity of up to 40% compared to animals that have left the herd after their first lactation. This supports the general efforts to increase longevity of dairy cows by an improved health management including all measures to prevent diseases.

ACS Style

Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Flachowsky; Sven Dänicke. Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity. Dairy 2020, 1, 3 -29.

AMA Style

Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Gerhard Flachowsky, Sven Dänicke. Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity. Dairy. 2020; 1 (1):3-29.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Flachowsky; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Dairy Cow Health and Greenhouse Gas Emission Intensity." Dairy 1, no. 1: 3-29.

Journal article
Published: 21 February 2020 in Animals
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Dairy cows develop metabolic diseases especially in the transition period due to high energy requirements for the process of calving, beginning milk production and, simultaneously, restricted feed intake capacity. L-carnitine is endogenously synthesised as an obligatory, quaternary amine for the initial step of ß-oxidation, but with the onset of lactation it is also excreted with milk, whereby its availability for other metabolic pathways might be limited. Supplemental L-carnitine might be able to fill in this apparent gap and to enhance the efficiency of ß-oxidation, whereby the magnitude of negative energy balance would be decreased. The present experiment mainly focused on the energy-consuming process of calving itself and on the energy metabolism during the first weeks of lactation. Dairy cows are metabolically challenged during the transition period. Furthermore, the process of parturition represents an energy-consuming process. The degree of negative energy balance and recovery from calving also depends on the efficiency of mitochondrial energy generation. At this point, L-carnitine plays an important role for the transfer of fatty acids to the site of their mitochondrial utilisation. A control (n = 30) and an L-carnitine group (n = 29, 25 g rumen-protected L-carnitine per cow and day) were created and blood samples were taken from day 42 ante partum (ap) until day 110 post-partum (pp) to clarify the impact of L-carnitine supplementation on dairy cows, especially during the transition period and early puerperium. Blood and clinical parameters were recorded in high resolution from 0.5 h to 72 h pp. L-carnitine-supplemented cows had higher amounts of milk fat in early lactation and higher triacylglyceride concentrations in plasma ap, indicating increased efficiency of fat oxidation. However, neither recovery from calving nor energy balance and lipomobilisation were influenced by L-carnitine.

ACS Style

Jennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Daniels; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamadtaher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows. Animals 2020, 10, 342 .

AMA Style

Jennifer Meyer, Susanne Ursula Daniels, Sandra Grindler, Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter, Mohamadtaher Alaedin, Jana Frahm, Liane Hüther, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Dirk Von Soosten, Ulrich Meyer, Erika Most, Klaus Eder, Helga Sauerwein, Jana Seifert, Korinna Huber, Jürgen Rehage, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):342.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jennifer Meyer; Susanne Ursula Daniels; Sandra Grindler; Johanna Tröscher-Mußotter; Mohamadtaher Alaedin; Jana Frahm; Liane Hüther; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Dirk Von Soosten; Ulrich Meyer; Erika Most; Klaus Eder; Helga Sauerwein; Jana Seifert; Korinna Huber; Jürgen Rehage; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of a Dietary L-Carnitine Supplementation on Performance, Energy Metabolism and Recovery from Calving in Dairy Cows." Animals 10, no. 2: 342.

Journal article
Published: 08 February 2020 in Animals
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The aim of the study was to examine different pH parameters, such as variations throughout the day, depending on differing concentrate feed proportions. Moreover, special attention was payed to individual variation in microbial efficiencies (microbial crude protein/fermented organic matter) and their relation to ruminal pH, nutrient flows and digestibilities. For this, cows were grouped according to microbial efficiency (more, n = 5, vs. less efficient cows, n = 4). After calving, thirteen ruminally cannulated pluriparous cows, including nine duodenally cannulated animals, were divided into groups offered rations with a lower (35% on dry matter basis, n = 7) or a higher (60% on dry matter basis, n = 6) concentrate feed proportion. Ruminal pH parameters were assessed continuously by using intraruminal probes. Nutrient flows, nutrient digestibility and microbial efficiency were determined for duodenally cannulated cows. For most ruminal pH parameters it seemed that individual variability was higher than the treatment effect. However, a positive relationship between actual concentrate intake and diurnal pH fluctuations was found. Besides, the effect of individually different microbial efficiencies was assessed. Again, there were no group differences for pH parameters. However, nutrient flows were significantly higher in more efficient cows, whereas digestibilities were lower in in more efficient cows.

ACS Style

Katharina Bünemann; Maren Johannes; Rolf Schmitz; Julia Hartwiger; Dirk Von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Heiner Westendarp; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation. Animals 2020, 10, 267 .

AMA Style

Katharina Bünemann, Maren Johannes, Rolf Schmitz, Julia Hartwiger, Dirk Von Soosten, Liane Hüther, Ulrich Meyer, Heiner Westendarp, Jürgen Hummel, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation. Animals. 2020; 10 (2):267.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katharina Bünemann; Maren Johannes; Rolf Schmitz; Julia Hartwiger; Dirk Von Soosten; Liane Hüther; Ulrich Meyer; Heiner Westendarp; Jürgen Hummel; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2020. "Effects of Different Concentrate Feed Proportions on Ruminal Ph Parameters, Duodenal Nutrient Flows and Efficiency of Microbial Crude Protein Synthesis in Dairy Cows During Early Lactation." Animals 10, no. 2: 267.

Journal article
Published: 12 December 2019 in Animals
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Development of calves depends on prenatal and postnatal conditions. Primiparous cows were still maturing during pregnancy, which can lead to negative intrauterine conditions and affect the calf’s metabolism. It is hypothesized that weaning calves at higher maturity has positive effects due to reduced metabolic stress. We aimed to evaluate effects of mothers’ parity and calves’ weaning age on growth performance and blood metabolites. Fifty-nine female Holstein calves (38.8 ± 5.3 kg birth weight, about 8 days old) were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with factors weaning age (7 vs. 17 weeks) and parity of mother (primiparous vs. multiparous cows). Calves were randomly assigned one of these four groups. Live weight, live weight gain and morphometry increased over time and were greater in calves weaned later. Metabolic indicators except total protein were interactively affected by time and weaning age. Leptin remained low in early-weaned calves born to primiparous cows, while it increased in the other groups. The results suggest that weaning more mature calves has a positive effect on body growth, and calves born to primiparous cows particularly benefit from this weaning regimen. It also enables a smooth transition from liquid to solid feed, which might reduce the associated stress of weaning.

ACS Style

Sarah Schwarzkopf; Asako Kinoshita; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Korinna Huber; Sven Dänicke; Jana Frahm. Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed. Animals 2019, 9, 1132 .

AMA Style

Sarah Schwarzkopf, Asako Kinoshita, Jeannette Kluess, Susanne Kersten, Ulrich Meyer, Korinna Huber, Sven Dänicke, Jana Frahm. Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed. Animals. 2019; 9 (12):1132.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Sarah Schwarzkopf; Asako Kinoshita; Jeannette Kluess; Susanne Kersten; Ulrich Meyer; Korinna Huber; Sven Dänicke; Jana Frahm. 2019. "Weaning Holstein Calves at 17 Weeks of Age Enables Smooth Transition from Liquid to Solid Feed." Animals 9, no. 12: 1132.

Journal article
Published: 30 May 2019 in Animals
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Influences of feed particle size (coarse, fine) and hydro-thermal processing methods (HTPM) (without–non-compacted feed, pelleting, expanding and pelleting) on feeding value and the performance and digestive tract of 624 broilers were studied. HTPM increased the starch disintegration of feed. Starch disintegration and electron microscopy indicated the highest degree of starch modification in expanded and pelleted feed. HTPM affected ether extract digestibility (p < 0.05). A grinding-by-HTPM interaction was found in case of crude protein digestibility (p = 0.008). Non-compacted feed reduced daily feed intake (DFI) and body weight gain and increased the feed to gain ratio compared to compacted feeds (p < 0.001). Compacted feeds increased proventricular size and the risk of Isthmus gastrici dilatation compared to coarsely ground non-compacted feed, except for finely ground expanded and pelleted feed. Finely ground feed reduced proventricular weights compared to coarsely ground feed and pelleted feed compared to other feeds. Non-compacted feed increased gizzard weights compared to compacted feeds. Relationships between proventricular size and Isthmus gastrici dilatation and the DFI were detected. Summarizing, the beneficial effects of pelleted feed were mainly based on the reduction of feed wastage and selection. However, the high DFI caused by pellet feeding is also a main risk factor for proventricular dilatation.

ACS Style

Wendy Liermann; Mandy Bochnia; Andreas Berk; Verena Böschen; Liane Hüther; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. Effects of Feed Particle Size and Hydro-Thermal Processing Methods on Starch Modification, Nutrient Digestibility and the Performance and the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers. Animals 2019, 9, 294 .

AMA Style

Wendy Liermann, Mandy Bochnia, Andreas Berk, Verena Böschen, Liane Hüther, Annette Zeyner, Sven Dänicke. Effects of Feed Particle Size and Hydro-Thermal Processing Methods on Starch Modification, Nutrient Digestibility and the Performance and the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers. Animals. 2019; 9 (6):294.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wendy Liermann; Mandy Bochnia; Andreas Berk; Verena Böschen; Liane Hüther; Annette Zeyner; Sven Dänicke. 2019. "Effects of Feed Particle Size and Hydro-Thermal Processing Methods on Starch Modification, Nutrient Digestibility and the Performance and the Gastrointestinal Tract of Broilers." Animals 9, no. 6: 294.

Journal article
Published: 24 May 2019 in Veterinary Sciences
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In spring, transition from a total mixed ration (TMR) to a full grazing ration with moderate concentrate supply influences cow's metabolism. It has been shown that feeding moderate amounts of concentrate during fulltime grazing did not prevent energy shortage and lipomobilization, alterations in energy metabolism, decreasing milk production and loss in body weight. As diet change and energy balance are closely related to immune reactivity, in this trial the effect of transition to pasture on specific immune parameters of cows was documented. Over a 12-week trial 43 dairy cows were observed during transition from confinement to pasture (PG; n = 22) and compared to cows fed TMR indoor (CG; n = 21). The CG stayed on a TMR based ration (35% corn silage, 35% grass silage, 30% concentrate; dry matter (DM) basis), whereas the PG slowly switched to a pasture -based ration (week 0 and 1 = TMR, week 2 = TMR and 3 h pasture·day-1, week 3 and 4 = TMR and 12 h pasture·day-1, and week 5 to 11 = pasture combined with 4.5 kg DM concentrate·cow-1·day-1). Inflammatory markers like blood haptoglobin or tryptophan to kynurenine ratio did not indicate acute phase reaction. Proportions of CD4+ (T-helper cells) and CD8+ cells (cytotoxic T-cells) remained uninfluenced as well. White blood cell concentration and its subpopulation of granulocytes increased over time in the PG. Stimulation ability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to mount an oxidative burst significantly increased during the trial, too. The endogenous antioxidant state as characterized by glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in blood of the PG did not change, whereas the vitamin E concentration reached the highest level at the end of the trial. The 25-CHO metabolites of vitamin D increased as soon as the PG had pasture access, whereas the other metabolite 25-ERG decreased. The results of this study indicate that transition to pasture affects immune related parameters. However, the consequences of the observed effects on health status of the pasture group need to be clarified in further studies with a defined concurrent immune challenge.

ACS Style

Julia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Liane Hüther; Helga Sauerwein; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Immunological Cell and Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows. Veterinary Sciences 2019, 6, 47 .

AMA Style

Julia Hartwiger, Melanie Schären, Jana Frahm, Susanne Kersten, Liane Hüther, Helga Sauerwein, Ulrich Meyer, Gerhard Breves, Sven Dänicke. Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Immunological Cell and Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows. Veterinary Sciences. 2019; 6 (2):47.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Julia Hartwiger; Melanie Schären; Jana Frahm; Susanne Kersten; Liane Hüther; Helga Sauerwein; Ulrich Meyer; Gerhard Breves; Sven Dänicke. 2019. "Effects of a Change from an Indoor-Based Total Mixed Ration to a Rotational Pasture System Combined with a Moderate Concentrate Feed Supply on Immunological Cell and Blood Parameters of Dairy Cows." Veterinary Sciences 6, no. 2: 47.