This article presents an application of a developed methodology for the reorganization and evaluation of transport situations after the conversion of the moveme This article presents an application of a developed methodology for the reorganization and evaluation of transport situations after the conversion of the moveme

This article presents the results of experimental studies transport flows by source and destination. in this way, the aim is to prove a methodology developed an This article presents the results of experimental studies transport flows by source and destination. in this way, the aim is to prove a methodology developed an

The present study considers the possibility of developing an integrated system for monitoring the basic parameters of the braking system of cars in operation during the braking process. The main parameters determining the braking efficiency of cars are the temperature of the brake system elements and the brake fluid pressure. Experimental studies and developments have been carried out to determine the temperature of the car's brake discs during braking.

This article presents the results of experimental studies of harmful components contained in the exhaust gases from internal combustion engines in cars. The exp

The present study focuses on the influence of brake fluid on the efficiency of a braking system. Consecutive tests were conducted on the brake discs of a laboratory vehicle heated to approximately 400 °C, and the temperature of the brake fluid was measured. The boiling points of the brake fluid in the brake system of the test vehicle were also measured and compared with other brake fluids of different brands but identical specifications. The brake fluids tested were both new brake fluids stored in an unopened state and brake fluids that had been opened for more than a year. This was intended to determine which of the elements has the most critical effect on the braking properties of the brake system.

Over the past 30–40 years, vehicle tailpipe emissions of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen oxides (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrocarbons (HCs) have decreased significantly. Advanced emission after-treatment technologies have been developed for gasoline and diesel vehicles to meet increasingly stringent regulations, yielding absolute emission reductions from the fleet despite increased vehicle travel. Passenger cars are an important source of air pollution, especially in urban areas. Recently, real-driving emissions (RDE) test procedures have been introduced in the EU aiming to evaluate nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate number (PN) emissions from passenger cars during on-road operation. Although RDE accounts for a large variety of real-world driving, it excludes certain driving situations by setting boundary conditions (e.g., in relation to altitude, temperature or dynamic driving). The present work investigates the on-road emissions of NOx, NO2, CO, particle number (PN) and CO2 from a vehicles, including diesel, gasoline, liquid petroleum gas (LPG) and compressed natural gas (CNG) vehicles. The vehicles were tested under different on-road driving conditions outside boundaries. These included ‘baseline’ tests, but also testing conditions beyond the RDE boundary conditions to investigate the performance of the emissions control devices in demanding situations.