Food insecurity is a critical issue in the Americas, with severe impacts in the Caribbean, Mesoamerica, and South America, particularly affecting older adults in Indigenous and rural contexts where it intersects with poverty, gender, and ethnicity. This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of the current research about food insecurity among older Indigenous adults in Latin America and the Caribbean. A comprehensive literature review was conducted, utilizing specific search queries and the population, intervention, comparison, and outcome (PICO) strategy across multiple databases to identify the pertinent studies. The findings indicate an increase in academic output on this topic since 2018, with significant emphasis on the interplay between climate change and food insecurity. The review highlights the importance of developing targeted food programs, reforming policies, and fostering collaboration between academia and local communities to implement practical interventions. Despite the growing body of literature, a notable research gap persists in rural areas of Latin America and the Caribbean. This study underscores the necessity of balancing the geographic distribution of research and emphasizes the preservation of cultural practices and the adaptation of public policies to support traditional food practices. It advocates for culturally sensitive interventions and interdisciplinary collaboration to formulate comprehensive strategies. The originality and value of this study lie in its focused analysis of older Indigenous adults, contributing crucial insights to the international literature on food security.

Background: The increase in population longevity often occurs in contexts of inequity and relative poverty, accompanied by economic deterioration. This becomes a social determinant that has a direct impact on food security. This phenomenon particularly affects certain groups and territories, although there is still a lack of disaggregated references. Intersections between factors such as being a rural inhabitant, Indigenous, woman, or elderly person are observed in relation to food security, which forces us to pay greater attention to gaps that have remained invisible for years. Objective: The objective of this study is to analyze the main factors that affect the food security of Mapuche men and women over 60 years of age living in the rural area of Temuco, Chile. Method: Qualitative, descriptive, and interpretative research was carried out, observing the process from the interpretative symbolic paradigm and the complexity approach. Results: The data are made up of the discourses of these subjects, whose analysis allowed for the identification of results. These results show that producing their own food enables rural Mapuche elders to achieve food security. The cultural food heritage preserved by Mapuche elders, especially women, acts as a facilitating factor, as do community spaces that reinforce their culture. Among the obstacles to food security are migration to the city for work, pathological aging, and the limited production of culturally healthy foods (affected by environmental problems, cultural changes, the destabilization of group identity, and public policies that are incongruent with the territorial worldview). Conclusions: While rural Mapuche elders retain valuable practices for their food security, inadequate policies, migration and environmental degradation present significant challenges.

(analytical)The Chilean State has committed violence against the Mapuche people for generations, promoting Mapuche children's construction of imaginary realities. This situation has an impact on the political expression of social movements. A qualitative methodology based on an ethnographic design was used. Data generation techniques included participant observation, interviews and pichikeche's drawings. The participants in this study were pichikeche (children) between 5 and 12 years of age from five Mapuche families supported by loncos (leaders) from their community. The results suggest that imaginary pain and misunderstanding caused by excessive and unjustified violence, racism and cruelty carried out by the State against Mapuche communities has promoted the generation of social movements. This could provoke a similar response among people who lack strategies for the containment and defining of these traumatic events, which is known as an incubated rebellion.. Keywords: Violence; social movement; human rights; Mapuche children; Chile.

Introducción: Este estudio busca observar la presencia de diferencias en las condiciones laborales que tienen los y las profesionales mexicanos/as, al incorporarse al mercado de trabajo utilizando capital social, respecto de quienes emplean otras formas de inserción. Metodología: Es una investigación cuantitativa, comparativa, de corte transversal. Aborda los resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) aplicada en México, durante el primer semestre del año 2023. Para alcanzar el objetivo se utilizó test de medias, además de la prueba de Levene, la prueba t de Student. Para la igualdad de medias, se realizó un análisis bidimensional con tablas de contingencia, para lo cual se aplica el estadístico Chi-Cuadrado y el estadístico de correlación de Phi, usando el software SPSS v.23. Resultados y Discusión: Los resultados muestran en la población analizada que no hay diferencias en los niveles de ingreso y horas semanales trabajadas entre quienes usan y no usan capital social en la inserción laboral, pero sí genera diferencias en el acceso a salud y prestaciones sociales. Conclusiones: Estos resultados abren una nueva línea de investigación sobre los efectos positivos que se le atribuyen al capital social en la inserción laboral.

Introducción Se estima que en Chile el cáncer será la principal causa de mortalidad en los siguientes años. El Papanicolaou y la mamografía son los exámenes recomendados para detectar de manera precoz cáncer cervicouterino y de mama. La presencia de determinantes sociales de la salud negativos puede influir en la no toma de Papanicolaou y la mamografía en la población femenina chilena. Objetivo Estimar la influencia que tienen los determinantes sociales de la salud en la no toma de exámenes de Papanicolaou y mamografía en mujeres chilenas. Método Estudio descriptivo-analítico, transversal de base secundaria. Considera a la población femenina respondiente en la Encuesta de Caracterización Socioeconómica Nacional 2022, mayor de 18 años. Para mamografía N=19 220 mujeres. Para Papanicolaou N=33 992. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y multivariados de los determinantes sociales de la salud que pueden influir en la no toma de Papanicolaou y mamografía. Resultados El no hacerse mamografía se asocia a estar desocupada, ser pobre, tener sistema de salud público, no haberse realizado un control de salud en más de 12 meses y no haberse realizado el Papanicolaou en los últimos tres años. Factores como edad, no hacerse un control de salud en más de 12 meses y no haberse realizado la mamografía en los últimos tres años favorecen la no toma de Papanicolaou. Conclusiones Las mujeres chilenas con peores determinantes sociales de la salud son más propensas a la no realización de Papanicolaou y mamografía.