Background: With the release of genomic data forB.rapa,B.oleracea,andB.napus, research on the genetic and molecular functions ofBrassicaspp. has entered a new stage.PEBPgenes in plants play an important role in the transition to flowering as well as seed development and germination. Molecular evolutionary and functional analyses of thePEBPgene family inB.napusbased on molecular biology methods can provide a theoretical basis for subsequent investigations of related regulators.Results: In this paper,we identified a total of 29PEBPgenes fromB.napusthat were located on 14 chromosomes and 3 random locations. Most members contained 4 exons and 3 introns; motif 1 and motif 2 were the characteristic motifs ofPEBPmembers. On the basis of intraspecific and interspecific collinearity analyses, it is speculated that fragment replication and genomic replication are the main drivers of for the amplification and evolution of thePEBPgene in theB.napusgenome. The results of promotercis-elements prediction suggest thatBnPEBPfamily genes are inducible promoters, which may directly or indirectly participate in multiple regulatory pathways of plant growth cycle. Furthermore, the tissue-specific expression results show that the expression levels ofBnPEBPfamily genes in different tissues were quite different, but the gene expression organization and patterns of the same subgroup were basically the same. qRT‒PCR revealed certain spatiotemporal patterns in the expression of thePEBPsubgroups in roots, stems, leaves, buds, and siliques, was tissue-specific, and related to function.Conclusions: A systematic comparative analysis of theB.napus PEBPgene family was carried out at here. The results of gene identification, phylogenetic tree construction, structural analysis, gene duplication analysis, prediction of promotercis-elements and interacting proteins, and expression analysis provide a reference for exploring the molecular mechanisms ofBnPEBPfamily genes in future research.

The NDPK gene family is an important group of genes in plants, playing a crucial role in regulating energy metabolism, growth, and differentiation, cell signal transduction, and response to abiotic stress. However, our understanding of the NDPK gene family in Brassica napus L. remains limited. This paper systematically analyzes the NDPK gene family in B. napus, particularly focusing on the evolutionary differences within the species. In this study, sixteen, nine, and eight NDPK genes were identified in B. napus and its diploid ancestors, respectively. These genes are not only homologous but also highly similar in their chromosomal locations. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the identified NDPK proteins were divided into four clades, each containing unique motif sequences, with most NDPKs experiencing a loss of introns/exons during evolution. Collinearity analysis revealed that the NDPK genes underwent whole-genome duplication (WGD) events, resulting in duplicate copies, and most of these duplicate genes were subjected to purifying selection. Cis-acting element analysis identified in the promoters of most NDPK genes elements related to a light response, methyl jasmonate response, and abscisic acid response, especially with an increased number of abscisic acid response elements in B. napus. RNA-Seq results indicated that NDPK genes in B. napus exhibited different expression patterns across various tissues. Further analysis through qRT-PCR revealed that BnNDPK genes responded significantly to stress conditions such as salt, drought, and methyl jasmonate. This study enhances our understanding of the NDPK gene family in B. napus, providing a preliminary theoretical basis for the functional study of NDPK genes and offering some references for further revealing the phenomenon of polyploidization in plants.