Background: With the release of genomic data forB.rapa,B.oleracea,andB.napus, research on the genetic and molecular functions ofBrassicaspp. has entered a new stage.PEBPgenes in plants play an important role in the transition to flowering as well as seed development and germination. Molecular evolutionary and functional analyses of thePEBPgene family inB.napusbased on molecular biology methods can provide a theoretical basis for subsequent investigations of related regulators.Results: In this paper,we identified a total of 29PEBPgenes fromB.napusthat were located on 14 chromosomes and 3 random locations. Most members contained 4 exons and 3 introns; motif 1 and motif 2 were the characteristic motifs ofPEBPmembers. On the basis of intraspecific and interspecific collinearity analyses, it is speculated that fragment replication and genomic replication are the main drivers of for the amplification and evolution of thePEBPgene in theB.napusgenome. The results of promotercis-elements prediction suggest thatBnPEBPfamily genes are inducible promoters, which may directly or indirectly participate in multiple regulatory pathways of plant growth cycle. Furthermore, the tissue-specific expression results show that the expression levels ofBnPEBPfamily genes in different tissues were quite different, but the gene expression organization and patterns of the same subgroup were basically the same. qRT‒PCR revealed certain spatiotemporal patterns in the expression of thePEBPsubgroups in roots, stems, leaves, buds, and siliques, was tissue-specific, and related to function.Conclusions: A systematic comparative analysis of theB.napus PEBPgene family was carried out at here. The results of gene identification, phylogenetic tree construction, structural analysis, gene duplication analysis, prediction of promotercis-elements and interacting proteins, and expression analysis provide a reference for exploring the molecular mechanisms ofBnPEBPfamily genes in future research.

Correct floral morphology determines the accuracy of fruit formation, which is crucial for reproductive success in higher plants. Despite this, an abnormal, multi-pistil phenotype has been observed in the flowers of many plants. In this review, we gather information on the multi-pistil phenomenon in various species and highlight potential causes, as well as possible consequences, of the trait. Our assessment of the reported multi-pistil phenotype in rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), Medicago, sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.), rye (Secale cereale L.), and rapeseed (Brassica napus L. and B. campestris L.) leads us to conclude that hybridization and mutation are the main factors that give rise to this phenotype. We also delve into the inheritance patterns of the multi-pistil phenotype and factors that influence this trait, such as nuclear–cytoplasmic interactions, temperature conditions, and shading. Finally, we discuss the effects of multi-pistil flowers on the yield of these plants. This analysis increases our understanding of floral development and lays the foundation for the potential utilization of the multi-pistil trait to increase seed production in crops.

Enhancing photosynthetic efficiency represents a key approach for improving crop biomass, with its translation into higher grain yield being contingent upon the efficiency of photosynthate partitioning toward harvestable organs. The Rubisco small subunit (RbcS) gene family plays an essential role in this process by stabilizing and regulating Rubisco assembly and activity during photosynthesis. In this study, we identified 61 RbcS genes across B. napus, B. juncea, and B. carinata, and their diploid progenitors B. rapa, B. nigra, and B. oleracea by genome-wide screening and bioinformatic approaches. Phylogenetic relationships, gene structures, conserved domains, collinearity, cis-regulatory elements, expression profiles, and haplotype variations were systematically investigated, revealing the potential functional role significance and regulatory complexity of RbcS genes in photosynthesis. The results imply that the promoter type of this gene family may belong to light-inducible promoters. Furthermore, while a haplotype analysis provided valuable insights for selecting germplasm with potentially high photosynthetic efficiency, definitive confirmation of their effects requires functional validation. Collectively, our results establish a theoretical foundation for understanding the molecular mechanisms of BnRbcS genes and propose candidate genetic targets for further exploration to enhance photosynthetic performance in rapeseed breeding.