This page has only limited features, please log in for full access.
Polymer-modified binders (PMB) have been known and used for many years to increase asphalt pavement durability. The most commonly used polymer is the SBS elastomer (styrene–butadienestyrene). Its content in the classic polymer-modified binder ranges from 2 to 4% m/m (by weight). In such a case, it fills up to 40% of the binder’s volume to form a polymer network. In highly-modified asphalt binder (HiMA), the amount of polymer is twice as large and reaches a level of 7–8% m/m, which means that the polymer phase in binder volume dominates the asphalt phase. The extensive continuous polymer network additionally causes significant changes in the properties of the binder. Highly-modified binders have been available on the Polish market for several years. This article assesses the impact of the use of highly-modified binder on the properties of asphalt concrete for the binder course. As reference, a test programme also included three other bituminous binders used in Poland. The assessment took into account the basic and functional properties of mixtures over a wide temperature range, as well as failure mechanisms most relevant for the binder course. Testing included resistance to water, complex modulus, resistance to permanent deformations, resistance to low temperature cracking and tensile strength. Other important characteristics such as fatigue resistance have been tested for mixes for the base course, which is outside the scope of this article. Test results were subject to analysis, which indicated that the use of HiMA for the asphalt concrete mixture significantly alters the viscoelastic properties and has a positive effect on strength and functional properties of the mixture. Analyses were carried out to show distinct relationships between viscoelastic characteristics and other properties.
Wojciech Bańkowski; Marcin Gajewski; Renata Horodecka; Krzysztof Mirski; Ewa Targowska-Lech; Dariusz Jasiński. Assessment of the effect of the use of highly-modified binder on the viscoelastic and functional properties of bituminous mixtures illustrated with the example of asphalt concrete for the binder course. Construction and Building Materials 2021, 296, 123412 .
AMA StyleWojciech Bańkowski, Marcin Gajewski, Renata Horodecka, Krzysztof Mirski, Ewa Targowska-Lech, Dariusz Jasiński. Assessment of the effect of the use of highly-modified binder on the viscoelastic and functional properties of bituminous mixtures illustrated with the example of asphalt concrete for the binder course. Construction and Building Materials. 2021; 296 ():123412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Bańkowski; Marcin Gajewski; Renata Horodecka; Krzysztof Mirski; Ewa Targowska-Lech; Dariusz Jasiński. 2021. "Assessment of the effect of the use of highly-modified binder on the viscoelastic and functional properties of bituminous mixtures illustrated with the example of asphalt concrete for the binder course." Construction and Building Materials 296, no. : 123412.
The goal of the work was to describe properties of asphalt-cement concrete (ACC) with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), Portland cement, sand, and rubber powder (RP), as a material to base courses of road pavements. The mixtures were designed with the RAP in the amount of 75, 80, and 85% (m/m) and chosen cement-sand-rubber (CSR) mortar. Three CSR mortars were composed with cement CEM 42.5 R in the amount 29% (m/m); washed sand 0/2 mm in the amount 29, 35, or 41%; rubber powder of granulation 0/1 mm in the amount of 18, 24, or 29% (m/m); and water in the amount 12% fulfilled w/c = 0.4. The optimum moisture content of the selected ACC with CSR mortar determined in the modified Proctor compaction test was approximately 6% and maximum dry density 2.000 g/cm3. Laboratory tests of indirect tensile strength, stiffness modulus (IT-CY and 4PB-PR), water resistance, fatigue life, and complex modulus (E*) at different temperatures were conducted and analyzed. The test results are presented, among others, in the form: the isotherm of complex modulus, Black curve, the master curve, and the Cole-Cole plot.
Jerzy Kukiełka; Wojciech Bańkowski; Krzysztof Mirski. Asphalt-Cement Concretes with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Rubber Powder from Recycled Tire. Materials 2021, 14, 2412 .
AMA StyleJerzy Kukiełka, Wojciech Bańkowski, Krzysztof Mirski. Asphalt-Cement Concretes with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Rubber Powder from Recycled Tire. Materials. 2021; 14 (9):2412.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJerzy Kukiełka; Wojciech Bańkowski; Krzysztof Mirski. 2021. "Asphalt-Cement Concretes with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement and Rubber Powder from Recycled Tire." Materials 14, no. 9: 2412.
Recycling of bituminous pavements is an issue increasingly being discussed in Poland. The analysis of domestic and foreign experience indicates a need to develop this technology in our country, in particular the hot feeding and production technologies. Various steps are being taken in this direction, including research projects. One of them is the InnGA project entitled: "Reclaimed asphalt pavement: Innovative technology of bituminous mixtures using material from reclaimed asphalt pavement". The paper presents the results of research involving the design of bituminous mixtures in accordance with the required properties and in excess of the content of reclaimed asphalt permitted by the technical guidelines. It presents selected bituminous mixtures with the content of RAP of up to 50% and the results of tests from verification of industrial production of those mixtures. The article discusses the details of the design process of mixtures with a high content of reclaimed asphalt, the carried out production tests and discusses the results of tests under the verification of industrial production. Testing included basic tests according to the Polish technical requirements of WT- 2 and the extended functional testing. The conducted tests and analyses helped to determine the usefulness of the developed bituminous mixtures for use in experimental sections and confirmed the possibility of using an increased amount of reclaimed asphalt up to 50% in mixtures intended for construction of national roads.
Wojciech Bańkowski; Jan Krol; Karol Gałązka; Adam Liphardt; Renata Horodecka. Design and verification of bituminous mixtures with the increased content of reclaimed asphalt pavement. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 356, 012009 .
AMA StyleWojciech Bańkowski, Jan Krol, Karol Gałązka, Adam Liphardt, Renata Horodecka. Design and verification of bituminous mixtures with the increased content of reclaimed asphalt pavement. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 356 (1):012009.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Bańkowski; Jan Krol; Karol Gałązka; Adam Liphardt; Renata Horodecka. 2018. "Design and verification of bituminous mixtures with the increased content of reclaimed asphalt pavement." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 356, no. 1: 012009.
The topic of this article is the evaluation of the fatigue life of asphalt concrete mixtures with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). The evaluation was carried out in relation to asphalt concrete mixtures AC22P and high modulus asphalt concrete ACWMS16 with 50% contents of RAP, greater than currently permitted by technical regulations in Poland. The first stage consisted of the evaluation of laboratory results, which was followed by a mechanistic analysis of the designed life of pavement structures with reclaimed asphalt. The evaluation included the results of laboratory tests (i.e., the air voids content, effective asphalt content, properties of recovered asphalt (penetration, softening point), stiffness, and resistance to fatigue of bituminous mixtures). Calculations of the design life of the structure were made using the criteria according to the 2004 AASHTO specifications for fatigue life and the Asphalt Institute for subgrade deformation. In addition, calculations were carried out using the French method. The analyses allowed for a comprehensive evaluation of the asphalt concrete mixture in the analyzed scope. The evaluation of the fatigue life of AC22P and ACWMS16 mixtures with 50% content of reclaimed asphalt as well as the results of the calculations of design life of the structure indicated positive effects. The tests have been carried out within the framework of the research project dedicated to hot recycling entitled “Reclaimed asphalt pavement: Innovative technology of bituminous mixtures using material from reclaimed asphalt pavement”.
Wojciech Bańkowski. Evaluation of Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement. Applied Sciences 2018, 8, 469 .
AMA StyleWojciech Bańkowski. Evaluation of Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement. Applied Sciences. 2018; 8 (3):469.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Bańkowski. 2018. "Evaluation of Fatigue Life of Asphalt Concrete Mixtures with Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement." Applied Sciences 8, no. 3: 469.
Environment conservation and diminishing natural resources caused an increase in popularity of the application of renewable bio-origin resources for the construction of road pavement. Currently, there are known additions of bio-origin materials for bitumen modification. Such material is also used as a flux additive for bitumen or as a rejuvenator once working with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This paper presents research dealing with asphalt mixtures with RAP modified with a bio-agent of rapeseed origin. The main idea of the conducted research was to apply more RAP content directly to the batch mix plant without extra RAP heating. The RAP used in this study was milled from a base asphalt layer; the addition of RAP stiffens new asphalt mixtures. A bio-agent, due to its fluxing action, was used to support the asphalt mixing process and to decrease the over-stiffening of the mixture caused by RAP addition. This research includes bitumen and mixture tests. For the bitumen study, three different bitumens (35/50, 50/70, and 70/100) were tested in a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for complex modulus G* and for phase angle |δ| in the temperature range 0–100 °C. The reference mixture and mixtures with 2.5% bio-agent were tested to assess the influence of RAP and the bio-agent addition on the asphalt mixture properties. Low temperature behavior (TSRST), stiffness, and fatigue resistance (4PB) were tested. Based on the bitumen test, it was determined that even a low rate of bio-agent (2.5%) beneficially changes bitumen properties at a low temperature; moreover, polymerization processes occurring in the second stage of the process improves bitumen properties at a high operational temperature. The research with these asphalt mixtures demonstrates that the bio-origin flux acts as a rejuvenator and allows for an application of 30% cold RAP. Thermal cracking resistance of the mixture with RAP and 2.5% bio-agent improved. The bio-agent removes unfavorable stiffening of RAP and increases the fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture.
Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Wojciech Bańkowski; Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski. Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent. Applied Sciences 2017, 7, 216 .
AMA StyleKarol J. Kowalski, Jan B. Król, Wojciech Bańkowski, Piotr Radziszewski, Michał Sarnowski. Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7 (3):216.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Wojciech Bańkowski; Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski. 2017. "Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent." Applied Sciences 7, no. 3: 216.
A responsible recycling of asphalt pavements is crucial in terms of economic and ecological measures related to preservation of non-renewable resources of bituminous binders and aggregates. Leading countries in road industry endeavour to maximise reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) application in production of new asphalt mixtures. Unfortunately, RAP re-using in Poland is limited and often results in construction works related to verge tabilization or construction of a subbase in mineral-cement-emulsion (MCE) technology. Application of RAP in asphalt mixture production, if happened, would be restricted to cold RAP addition in a limited amount only. The aforementioned situation is mostly related to lack of contractor’s experience, HMA plants not equipped with the necessary installation, agencies restrictions, tender conditions, problems with RAP homogeneity and others.This paper presents InnGA research project in which the main goal was to develop the asphalt mixtures with as high as possible RAP content without compromising mixture performance. Project and its dissemination should provide necessary know-how to road authorities, agencies, design offices and contractors.
Wojciech Bańkowski; Dariusz Sybilski; Jan Król; Karol Kowalski; Piotr Radziszewski; Piotr Skorek. Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement – necessity and innovation. Budownictwo i Architektura 2016, 15, 157 -167.
AMA StyleWojciech Bańkowski, Dariusz Sybilski, Jan Król, Karol Kowalski, Piotr Radziszewski, Piotr Skorek. Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement – necessity and innovation. Budownictwo i Architektura. 2016; 15 (1):157-167.
Chicago/Turabian StyleWojciech Bańkowski; Dariusz Sybilski; Jan Król; Karol Kowalski; Piotr Radziszewski; Piotr Skorek. 2016. "Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement – necessity and innovation." Budownictwo i Architektura 15, no. 1: 157-167.
Transportation noise has a growing detrimental impact on the environment, humans health and living conditions. In addition to noise mitigation by erection of the expensive noise barriers, tire/pavement noise can be reduced “in source” by construction of special asphalt pavements. While that solution is commonly known in regions with moderate maritime climate (e.g. The Netherlands), in places with more harsh climate it is not popular. High number (>100/year) of freeze and thaw (F&T) cycles in Poland is a significant limitation for porous asphalt technology. This paper presents results of the research work conducted within research project called “Innovative pavement technology with reduced noise emission” with acronym CiDRO. The project was conducted by a consortium composed of Mostostal Warszawa (leader of the consortium), Warsaw University of Technology – Faculty of Civil Engineering and Road and Bridge Research Institute – Department of Pavement Technology (members of the consortium). This project was supported by Polish National Centre for Research and Development. Within the scope of the CiDRO project presented in this paper, various noise reducing asphalt technologies were tested in both laboratory and field sections. Those sections included the following types of wearing course: asphalt concrete AC 11 (reference), stone mastic (matrix) asphalt SMA 5 and SMA 8, open graded friction course OGFC 8 and OGFC 11, porous asphalt PA8 and PA11. The range of laboratory research program consists of typical quality control and evaluation studies of functional characteristics such as resistance to water and frost, low temperature cracking resistance, aging resistance, rheological properties and fatigue life. In addition, field tests such as noise emissions by CPX and SPB methods, texture depth, friction coefficient and in-situ water permeability were performed. Field tests were repeated following winter period. Moreover, to simulate clogging, dirt (previously collected road debris) was spread on the surface and cleaning treatment was performed using specialized equipment. Selected properties of the pavement surface were tested to determine the effectiveness of cleaning process. Finally, two most promising sections were proposed for construction as real traffic exposed roads and subjected for observation during their exploitation. An initial conclusions and recommendations were drawn regarding the mixture maximum aggregate size and air void content
Karol Kowalski; Wojciech Bańkowski; Jan Krol; Marcin Gajewski; Renata Horodecka; Piotr Świeżewski. Selection of Quiet Pavement Technology for Polish Climate Conditions on the Example of CiDRO Project. Transportation Research Procedia 2016, 14, 2724 -2733.
AMA StyleKarol Kowalski, Wojciech Bańkowski, Jan Krol, Marcin Gajewski, Renata Horodecka, Piotr Świeżewski. Selection of Quiet Pavement Technology for Polish Climate Conditions on the Example of CiDRO Project. Transportation Research Procedia. 2016; 14 ():2724-2733.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKarol Kowalski; Wojciech Bańkowski; Jan Krol; Marcin Gajewski; Renata Horodecka; Piotr Świeżewski. 2016. "Selection of Quiet Pavement Technology for Polish Climate Conditions on the Example of CiDRO Project." Transportation Research Procedia 14, no. : 2724-2733.