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Prof. Jan Król
Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Civil Engineering

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Bitumen
0 Recycling
0 Pavement
0 Asphalt mixture
0 Reclaimed Asphalt Pavements

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Pavement
Bitumen
Asphalt mixture
Recycling

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Short Biography

Jan Krol is an Associate Professor at Faculty of Civil Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. He received his PhD in 2008, during 2010 he was a visiting researcher at Nottingham University and in 2019 he had position of visiting professor at University of Parma, Italy. Jan Krol has nearly twenty years of experience in asphalt research at university and industries. He is a senior member of RILEM (TC FBB, TC 264-RAP, TC 206 ATB). Since 2014 he is a member of TC 222 for Bitumen in Polish Committee for Standardization. In recent years, and now he has carried out numerous research projects on asphalt recycling. He is the editor-in-chief of the oldest Polish magazine for professionals entitled Road Engineering (Drogownictwo).

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Journal article
Published: 04 August 2021 in Materials
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This article discusses the phenomenon of fresh and RAP binders miscibility and presents test results of bitumen film properties from specially prepared asphalt mixtures. The miscibility of a fresh binder and a RAP binder still has not been fully recognised. The aim of this study was to determine the homogeneity level of the bitumen film based on viscoelastic assessment. In addition, an attempt was made to assess the impact of fresh binder on the binders blending degree. The study included assessment of homogeneity of bitumen film comprising various types of bituminous binders. The assessment was conducted on the basis of tests in the dynamic shear rheometer regarding rheological properties of the binders recovered from specific layers of the bitumen film using a staged extraction method. A complex shear modulus as a function of temperature, an elastic recovery R and a non-recoverable creep compliance modulus JNR from MSCR test were determined. The conducted statistical analyses confirmed the significant impact of the type of fresh binder on the blending degree. Regressive dependencies have been set between the differences of the complex shear modulus of the binders subject to mixing and differences of the complex shear modulus of binders from the internal and external layer of the bitumen film comprised of those binders. It was found that there is no full blending of fresh hard bitumen-simulated binder from RAP, which results in non-homogeneity of the bitumen film.

ACS Style

Adam Liphardt; Piotr Radziszewski; Jan Król. Homogeneity and Viscoelastic Behaviour of Bitumen Film in Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP. Materials 2021, 14, 4355 .

AMA Style

Adam Liphardt, Piotr Radziszewski, Jan Król. Homogeneity and Viscoelastic Behaviour of Bitumen Film in Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4355.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam Liphardt; Piotr Radziszewski; Jan Król. 2021. "Homogeneity and Viscoelastic Behaviour of Bitumen Film in Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP." Materials 14, no. 16: 4355.

Journal article
Published: 01 December 2020 in Materials
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The benefits of the use of cold recycling mixtures (CRMs) in pavement rehabilitation are associated with both the reduction of natural resource consumption by replacing them with recycled materials and the reduction of energy consumption during their production and paving. The evolution of the stiffness of CRMs in road construction and the fatigue life of pavements with CRM base layers are still being investigated. In this paper, CRMs with 1% cement content, called bitumen-stabilized materials with bitumen emulsion (BSM-Es), were examined. Mixtures that were differentiated in terms of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP) content, as well as the amount and type of bitumen emulsions, were subjected to indirect tensile stiffness modulus (ITSM) tests at 5 °C, 13 °C, and 20 °C. The thermal sensitivities of the BSM-E mixtures were analyzed. BSM-E mixture stiffness modulus levels at various temperatures were determined using a statistical approach. On the basis of the results obtained, a discussion on the mechanistic-empirical design of flexible pavements with BSM-E base layers is presented. The potential benefits of using BSM-E materials in road construction in certain aspects of pavement life are indicated.

ACS Style

Katarzyna Konieczna; Piotr Pokorski; Wojciech Sorociak; Piotr Radziszewski; Dawid Żymełka; Jan Bolesław Król. Study of the Stiffness of the Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Recycling Mixes for Road Base Courses. Materials 2020, 13, 5473 .

AMA Style

Katarzyna Konieczna, Piotr Pokorski, Wojciech Sorociak, Piotr Radziszewski, Dawid Żymełka, Jan Bolesław Król. Study of the Stiffness of the Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Recycling Mixes for Road Base Courses. Materials. 2020; 13 (23):5473.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katarzyna Konieczna; Piotr Pokorski; Wojciech Sorociak; Piotr Radziszewski; Dawid Żymełka; Jan Bolesław Król. 2020. "Study of the Stiffness of the Bitumen Emulsion Based Cold Recycling Mixes for Road Base Courses." Materials 13, no. 23: 5473.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2019 in The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
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The paper presents the proposition of special assessment of low temperature requirements for bitumens in the region of Central and Eastern Europe where there is a moderate transitional area from sea to the continental type of climate. The results of the research program conducted on the road neat bitumens, Styrene-Butadiene-Styrene polymer and polymer-rubber modified bitumen, and multigrade bitumen types were presented and discussed. Based on the Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements Performance Grade procedure for low temperatures, climatic zones in Poland were developed and compared to analogous zones for other countries from the Central and Eastern Europe region as Estonia and Belarus. The results of functional Performance Grade tests and European standard test of bituminous binders were analysed. It was concluded that some of the bitumens were not meet the performance requirements in the range of low temperatures by Superior Performing Asphalt Pavements Superpave specification and the low-temperature properties of those bitumens should be improved.

ACS Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Jan Król; Piotr Pokorski; Piotr Jaskuła; Dawid Ryś; Marek Pszczoła. Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 2019, 14, 249 -270.

AMA Style

Piotr Radziszewski, Michał Sarnowski, Jan Król, Piotr Pokorski, Piotr Jaskuła, Dawid Ryś, Marek Pszczoła. Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering. 2019; 14 (2):249-270.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Jan Król; Piotr Pokorski; Piotr Jaskuła; Dawid Ryś; Marek Pszczoła. 2019. "Low-Temperature Requirements for Bitumen in Central East European Road Construction." The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 14, no. 2: 249-270.

Journal article
Published: 18 February 2019 in Materials
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In the course of manufacturing, transport and installation, road bitumens and asphalt mixtures can be exposed to the impact of elevated process temperatures exceeding 240 °C. This mainly applies to the mixtures used for road pavements and bridge deck insulation during adverse weather conditions. The heating process should not change the basic and rheological properties of binders and the asphalt mixtures that to a degree cause the degradation of asphalt pavement durability. The work involved analyzing the properties of non-modified bitumens and SBS polymer modified bitumens, heated at temperatures of 200 °C, 250 °C and 300 °C for 1 h. Next, the asphalt mixtures were heated in the same temperatures. Based on the developed Overheating Degradation Index (ODI) it was demonstrated that polymer-modified bitumens were characterized by higher overheating sensitivity A(ODI) than non-modified bitumens, which was confirmed by mixture test results. Overheating limit temperatures T(ODI) were determined, which in the case of polymer-modified bitumens are up to 20 °C lower than for non-modified bitumens. When the temperature increases above T(ODI), loss of viscoelastic properties occurs in the material which causes, among other effects, a loss of resistance to fatigue cracking.

ACS Style

Michał Sarnowski; Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Piotr Radziszewski. Influence of Overheating Phenomenon on Bitumen and Asphalt Mixture Properties. Materials 2019, 12, 610 .

AMA Style

Michał Sarnowski, Karol J. Kowalski, Jan B. Król, Piotr Radziszewski. Influence of Overheating Phenomenon on Bitumen and Asphalt Mixture Properties. Materials. 2019; 12 (4):610.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Michał Sarnowski; Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Piotr Radziszewski. 2019. "Influence of Overheating Phenomenon on Bitumen and Asphalt Mixture Properties." Materials 12, no. 4: 610.

Conference paper
Published: 30 January 2019 in MATEC Web of Conferences
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Bitumen used for the construction of road pavements should exhibit adequate resistance to loads at high operating temperatures. An effective method of improving the properties of bitumen is their modification. To evaluate the high-temperature properties of bitumen, standard consistency tests and advanced rheological tests under dynamic load are conducted. The main purpose of the article is to assess the high temperature properties of modified binders produced by two major Polish producers. The assessment was based on the tests results of modified binders in the range of the standard softening point temperature test and tests in the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) according to the requirements of Strategic Highway Research Program (SHRP) and Multiple Stress Creep Recovery Test (MSCR). It has been shown that due to the highest operating temperatures of road pavements in Poland, produced bituminous binders meet the requirements of resistance to permanent deformation with a great reserve.

ACS Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Piotr Pokorski; Karol J. Kowalski; Jan Król. High temperature properties of modified bituminous binders produced in Poland. MATEC Web of Conferences 2019, 262, 05011 .

AMA Style

Piotr Radziszewski, Michał Sarnowski, Piotr Pokorski, Karol J. Kowalski, Jan Król. High temperature properties of modified bituminous binders produced in Poland. MATEC Web of Conferences. 2019; 262 ():05011.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Piotr Pokorski; Karol J. Kowalski; Jan Król. 2019. "High temperature properties of modified bituminous binders produced in Poland." MATEC Web of Conferences 262, no. : 05011.

Journal article
Published: 14 December 2018 in ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo
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ACS Style

Klaudia Załęska-Dobkowska; Jan Król; Karol Kowalski; Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski. Nawierzchnie obniżające hałas drogowy – doświadczenia krajowe i kierunki rozwoju. ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo 2018, 17, 19 -27.

AMA Style

Klaudia Załęska-Dobkowska, Jan Król, Karol Kowalski, Piotr Radziszewski, Michał Sarnowski. Nawierzchnie obniżające hałas drogowy – doświadczenia krajowe i kierunki rozwoju. ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo. 2018; 17 (4):19-27.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Klaudia Załęska-Dobkowska; Jan Król; Karol Kowalski; Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski. 2018. "Nawierzchnie obniżające hałas drogowy – doświadczenia krajowe i kierunki rozwoju." ACTA SCIENTIARUM POLONORUM - Architectura Budownictwo 17, no. 4: 19-27.

Conference paper
Published: 15 May 2018 in IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
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Recycling of bituminous pavements is an issue increasingly being discussed in Poland. The analysis of domestic and foreign experience indicates a need to develop this technology in our country, in particular the hot feeding and production technologies. Various steps are being taken in this direction, including research projects. One of them is the InnGA project entitled: "Reclaimed asphalt pavement: Innovative technology of bituminous mixtures using material from reclaimed asphalt pavement". The paper presents the results of research involving the design of bituminous mixtures in accordance with the required properties and in excess of the content of reclaimed asphalt permitted by the technical guidelines. It presents selected bituminous mixtures with the content of RAP of up to 50% and the results of tests from verification of industrial production of those mixtures. The article discusses the details of the design process of mixtures with a high content of reclaimed asphalt, the carried out production tests and discusses the results of tests under the verification of industrial production. Testing included basic tests according to the Polish technical requirements of WT- 2 and the extended functional testing. The conducted tests and analyses helped to determine the usefulness of the developed bituminous mixtures for use in experimental sections and confirmed the possibility of using an increased amount of reclaimed asphalt up to 50% in mixtures intended for construction of national roads.

ACS Style

Wojciech Bańkowski; Jan Krol; Karol Gałązka; Adam Liphardt; Renata Horodecka. Design and verification of bituminous mixtures with the increased content of reclaimed asphalt pavement. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 2018, 356, 012009 .

AMA Style

Wojciech Bańkowski, Jan Krol, Karol Gałązka, Adam Liphardt, Renata Horodecka. Design and verification of bituminous mixtures with the increased content of reclaimed asphalt pavement. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. 2018; 356 (1):012009.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Bańkowski; Jan Krol; Karol Gałązka; Adam Liphardt; Renata Horodecka. 2018. "Design and verification of bituminous mixtures with the increased content of reclaimed asphalt pavement." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 356, no. 1: 012009.

Journal article
Published: 09 September 2017 in Materials
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Bitumen is a commonly used material for road construction. According to environmental regulations, vegetable-based materials are applied for binder modification. Fluxed road bitumen containing a bio-flux oxidation product increases the consistency over time. The efficiency of crosslinking depends on the number of double bonds and their position in the aliphatic chain of fatty acid. The main goal of this paper was to examine the structural changes taking place during hardening bitumen with bio-flux additives. Two types of road bitumens fluxed with two different oxidized methyl esters of rapeseed oil were used in this study. Various chemical and rheological tests were applied for the fluxed-bitumen at different stages of oxygen exposure. The oxidation of rapeseed oil methyl ester reduced the iodine amount by about 10%–30%. Hardening of the fluxed bitumen generally results in an increase of the resins content and a reduction of the aromatics and asphaltenes. In the temperature range of 0 °C to 40 °C, bio-flux results with a much higher increase in the phase angle than in temperatures above 40 °C in the bitumen binder. The increase in the proportion of the viscous component in the low and medium binder temperature is favorable due to the potential improvement of the fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture with such binders.

ACS Style

Jan B. Król; Łukasz Niczke; Karol J. Kowalski. Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes. Materials 2017, 10, 1058 .

AMA Style

Jan B. Król, Łukasz Niczke, Karol J. Kowalski. Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes. Materials. 2017; 10 (9):1058.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan B. Król; Łukasz Niczke; Karol J. Kowalski. 2017. "Towards Understanding the Polymerization Process in Bitumen Bio-Fluxes." Materials 10, no. 9: 1058.

Conference paper
Published: 10 August 2017 in Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering"
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The article concerns the properties of bitumens and modified binders manufactured in Poland and used in Central and Eastern Europe for road paving. The aim of the article is to evaluate the properties of bituminous binders in terms of the climatic conditions of Central and Eastern Europe, taking the Polish climate as an example. In order to obtain a qualitative assessment of binders taking into account their role in the formation of road surface and its operating conditions in a wide range of temperatures, extensive research of the binders most commonly used in the construction of asphalt pavement were carried out. Aside from the results of standard tests, this article also presents the results of studies determining the functional properties of binders according to the SUPERPAVE method. Based on the results, it was found that the bituminous binders meet the requirements specified in European standards and technical guidelines. The temperature range of viscoelasticity of all the tested bituminous binders is very wide and exceeds 80 °C. However, in view of the Polish climate, an unfavourable phenomenon is a shift in the temperature range of viscoelasticity towards higher operating temperatures, at the same time lowering the binder performance at low temperatures.

ACS Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Jan Bolesław Król; Karol J. Kowalski. Bitumen Binders Properties – Middle-European Climate Requirements. Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering" 2017, 1 .

AMA Style

Piotr Radziszewski, Michał Sarnowski, Jan Bolesław Król, Karol J. Kowalski. Bitumen Binders Properties – Middle-European Climate Requirements. Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering". 2017; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Jan Bolesław Król; Karol J. Kowalski. 2017. "Bitumen Binders Properties – Middle-European Climate Requirements." Proccedings of 10th International Conference "Environmental Engineering" , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 23 February 2017 in Applied Sciences
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Environment conservation and diminishing natural resources caused an increase in popularity of the application of renewable bio-origin resources for the construction of road pavement. Currently, there are known additions of bio-origin materials for bitumen modification. Such material is also used as a flux additive for bitumen or as a rejuvenator once working with reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP). This paper presents research dealing with asphalt mixtures with RAP modified with a bio-agent of rapeseed origin. The main idea of the conducted research was to apply more RAP content directly to the batch mix plant without extra RAP heating. The RAP used in this study was milled from a base asphalt layer; the addition of RAP stiffens new asphalt mixtures. A bio-agent, due to its fluxing action, was used to support the asphalt mixing process and to decrease the over-stiffening of the mixture caused by RAP addition. This research includes bitumen and mixture tests. For the bitumen study, three different bitumens (35/50, 50/70, and 70/100) were tested in a dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) for complex modulus G* and for phase angle |δ| in the temperature range 0–100 °C. The reference mixture and mixtures with 2.5% bio-agent were tested to assess the influence of RAP and the bio-agent addition on the asphalt mixture properties. Low temperature behavior (TSRST), stiffness, and fatigue resistance (4PB) were tested. Based on the bitumen test, it was determined that even a low rate of bio-agent (2.5%) beneficially changes bitumen properties at a low temperature; moreover, polymerization processes occurring in the second stage of the process improves bitumen properties at a high operational temperature. The research with these asphalt mixtures demonstrates that the bio-origin flux acts as a rejuvenator and allows for an application of 30% cold RAP. Thermal cracking resistance of the mixture with RAP and 2.5% bio-agent improved. The bio-agent removes unfavorable stiffening of RAP and increases the fatigue resistance of the asphalt mixture.

ACS Style

Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Wojciech Bańkowski; Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski. Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent. Applied Sciences 2017, 7, 216 .

AMA Style

Karol J. Kowalski, Jan B. Król, Wojciech Bańkowski, Piotr Radziszewski, Michał Sarnowski. Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent. Applied Sciences. 2017; 7 (3):216.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Wojciech Bańkowski; Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski. 2017. "Thermal and Fatigue Evaluation of Asphalt Mixtures Containing RAP Treated with a Bio-Agent." Applied Sciences 7, no. 3: 216.

Scientific papers
Published: 02 February 2017 in Road Materials and Pavement Design
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X-ray computed tomography (CT) and laboratory permeability techniques were applied to study the internal properties of porous asphalt mixture. Specimens containing aggregate of different gradations and of different mineral compositions were prepared in the laboratory. The air voids of all the specimens were determined in the laboratory and the specimens were then scanned in X-ray CT. The same samples were then tested for laboratory permeability. The active air voids and contact points of aggregate with nearby aggregate particles were determined from X-ray CT images. The laboratory permeability test results were found in comparison with X-ray CT values of voids’ internal connectivity. A comparatively high permeability value was observed for porous asphalt with maximum aggregate size irrespective of its mineral composition. The size of air voids and volume of active (connected) air voids were also found high for mixtures made up of large aggregate size. The difference in mineral composition of aggregate was found to have considerably less effect on permeability of porous asphalt.

ACS Style

Jan B. Król; Rawid Khan; Andrew C. Collop. The study of the effect of internal structure on permeability of porous asphalt. Road Materials and Pavement Design 2017, 19, 935 -951.

AMA Style

Jan B. Król, Rawid Khan, Andrew C. Collop. The study of the effect of internal structure on permeability of porous asphalt. Road Materials and Pavement Design. 2017; 19 (4):935-951.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan B. Król; Rawid Khan; Andrew C. Collop. 2017. "The study of the effect of internal structure on permeability of porous asphalt." Road Materials and Pavement Design 19, no. 4: 935-951.

Journal article
Published: 01 July 2016 in Construction and Building Materials
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ACS Style

Jan Krol; Karol Kowalski; Łukasz Niczke; Piotr Radziszewski. Effect of bitumen fluxing using a bio-origin additive. Construction and Building Materials 2016, 114, 194 -203.

AMA Style

Jan Krol, Karol Kowalski, Łukasz Niczke, Piotr Radziszewski. Effect of bitumen fluxing using a bio-origin additive. Construction and Building Materials. 2016; 114 ():194-203.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan Krol; Karol Kowalski; Łukasz Niczke; Piotr Radziszewski. 2016. "Effect of bitumen fluxing using a bio-origin additive." Construction and Building Materials 114, no. : 194-203.

Conference paper
Published: 30 June 2016 in Proceedings of 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress
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ACS Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Jerzy Piłat; Paweł Mieczkowski; Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król. Innovative SMA-MA mixture for bridge asphalt pavement. Proceedings of 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Piotr Radziszewski, Michał Sarnowski, Jerzy Piłat, Paweł Mieczkowski, Karol J. Kowalski, Jan B. Król. Innovative SMA-MA mixture for bridge asphalt pavement. Proceedings of 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Michał Sarnowski; Jerzy Piłat; Paweł Mieczkowski; Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król. 2016. "Innovative SMA-MA mixture for bridge asphalt pavement." Proceedings of 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress , no. : 1.

Conference paper
Published: 30 June 2016 in Proceedings of 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress
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ACS Style

Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Piotr Radziszewski; Jerzy Piłat; Michał Sarnowski. New concept of sustainable road structure with RAP binder course using bio-agent. Proceedings of 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Karol J. Kowalski, Jan B. Król, Piotr Radziszewski, Jerzy Piłat, Michał Sarnowski. New concept of sustainable road structure with RAP binder course using bio-agent. Proceedings of 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Piotr Radziszewski; Jerzy Piłat; Michał Sarnowski. 2016. "New concept of sustainable road structure with RAP binder course using bio-agent." Proceedings of 6th Eurasphalt & Eurobitume Congress , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 27 June 2016 in The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
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Construction of modern and durable asphalt and cement pavements requires high quality materials and suitable technologies that take into account sustainability concerns which are related to the environmental protection, mitigation and compensation for road construction effects on surface water and groundwater, soil, air, wildlife, landscape, vibration and noise. The objectives of this paper are to identify possible development directions of materials and technologies in road construction in the time perspective of approximately 30 years. In order to achieve that goal a nationwide Delphi survey with 150 invited experts was deployed. The study concluded that binding materials with improved viscoelastic range – and often with specific modifications – would continue to play a leading role. Furthermore, technologies that enable monitoring the state of road pavement condition in a continuous manner would be used to a greater range. Introduction of sensors into the pavement network would lead to the construction of “smart” roads while spreading of nanomaterial technology would improve the durability and reliability of road pavement construction.

ACS Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Joanicjusz Nazarko; Tatjana Vilutiene; Katarzyna Dębkowska; Joanna Ejdys; Alicja Gudanowska; Katarzyna Halicka; Jarosław Kilon; Anna Kononiuk; Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Lukasz Nazarko; Michał Sarnowski. Future trends in road pavement technologies development in the context of environmental protection. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 2016, 11, 160 -168.

AMA Style

Piotr Radziszewski, Joanicjusz Nazarko, Tatjana Vilutiene, Katarzyna Dębkowska, Joanna Ejdys, Alicja Gudanowska, Katarzyna Halicka, Jarosław Kilon, Anna Kononiuk, Karol J. Kowalski, Jan B. Król, Lukasz Nazarko, Michał Sarnowski. Future trends in road pavement technologies development in the context of environmental protection. The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering. 2016; 11 (2):160-168.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Piotr Radziszewski; Joanicjusz Nazarko; Tatjana Vilutiene; Katarzyna Dębkowska; Joanna Ejdys; Alicja Gudanowska; Katarzyna Halicka; Jarosław Kilon; Anna Kononiuk; Karol J. Kowalski; Jan B. Król; Lukasz Nazarko; Michał Sarnowski. 2016. "Future trends in road pavement technologies development in the context of environmental protection." The Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 11, no. 2: 160-168.

Journal article
Published: 01 April 2016 in Budownictwo i Architektura
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A responsible recycling of asphalt pavements is crucial in terms of economic and ecological measures related to preservation of non-renewable resources of bituminous binders and aggregates. Leading countries in road industry endeavour to maximise reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) application in production of new asphalt mixtures. Unfortunately, RAP re-using in Poland is limited and often results in construction works related to verge tabilization or construction of a subbase in mineral-cement-emulsion (MCE) technology. Application of RAP in asphalt mixture production, if happened, would be restricted to cold RAP addition in a limited amount only. The aforementioned situation is mostly related to lack of contractor’s experience, HMA plants not equipped with the necessary installation, agencies restrictions, tender conditions, problems with RAP homogeneity and others.This paper presents InnGA research project in which the main goal was to develop the asphalt mixtures with as high as possible RAP content without compromising mixture performance. Project and its dissemination should provide necessary know-how to road authorities, agencies, design offices and contractors.

ACS Style

Wojciech Bańkowski; Dariusz Sybilski; Jan Król; Karol Kowalski; Piotr Radziszewski; Piotr Skorek. Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement – necessity and innovation. Budownictwo i Architektura 2016, 15, 157 -167.

AMA Style

Wojciech Bańkowski, Dariusz Sybilski, Jan Król, Karol Kowalski, Piotr Radziszewski, Piotr Skorek. Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement – necessity and innovation. Budownictwo i Architektura. 2016; 15 (1):157-167.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Wojciech Bańkowski; Dariusz Sybilski; Jan Król; Karol Kowalski; Piotr Radziszewski; Piotr Skorek. 2016. "Use of reclaimed asphalt pavement – necessity and innovation." Budownictwo i Architektura 15, no. 1: 157-167.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Transportation Research Procedia
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It is estimated that more than 90% of the 5.2 million kilometers of European paved roads and highways are surfaced with asphalt. Also, about 44% of goods are transported by road in the EU; maintaining their condition whilst in transit is crucial for the economy. The construction of a new road has a number of implications for the environment, consuming large amount of materials and energy. Also, the price of crude oil, which is the major source of bituminous binder, has significantly increased in recent years (the most noticeably in 2001–2008). This has led to an increase in the total price of asphalt mixtures. In order to promote sustainable practices and to combat price increase, measures with sound sustainability credentials need to be widely implemented. Developing novel materials and technologies to integrate greener material, waste and recycled materials into the production cycle of asphalt mixtures is a solution that improves both sustainability and cost-efficiency of the asphalt pavement industry. The main concept presented in this paper is the application of an eco-innovative asphalt pavement designed through partial substitution of greener materials into asphalt mixtures: reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP), construction and demolition waste (C&DW), lignin (by-product of 2nd generation bioethanol processing) and bio-binder from vegetable oil. This paper discusses a new concept of an asphalt pavement structure with ecologically oriented attributes, achieved whilst maintaining a level of long term performance comparable or greater than that of conventional pavement structures. The two main components of asphalt mixture – bitumen and aggregates – are focused upon. In relation to bitumen, two methods to ‘green’ the fresh binder fraction are explored: The first investigates bio-fluxing bitumen, which enables part of the petro-chemical binder to be replaced with bio-based products; the second uses a specific industrial waste, also bio-derived, to replace the crude-oil derived polymer in modified bitumen. In relation to aggregates, two different approaches are also explored: The use of high rates of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) in new hot asphalt mixtures, thanks to the addition of bio-fluxing agents which will allow working at lower temperatures, and the use of construction and demolition waste (C&DW). Optimal integration of C&DW as raw material will be established using a selective process for the separation of C&DW to increase the overall quality of the recycled aggregates. Considering the full pavement structure, the main innovations can be summarized as follows: (A) in surface course is the introduction of green bitumen modifier, derived from recovered waste bioethanol production as an alternative to the traditional additives used for polymer modification; (B) in binder and base course, bio-fluxing agents allow for the integration of higher percentage of reclaimed asphalt; and (C) the lower layers (sub-base and subgrade) are mainly composed of materials derived from construction and demolition waste. This paper describes the systematic approach for selecting the right combination of these main pavement components in the design of asphalt mixtures, from laboratory tests to real applications. This approach has been developed by a consortium of partners in the FP7 funded Asphalt Pavements for a Sustainable Environment (APSE) project.

ACS Style

Karol J. Kowalski; Jan Krol; Piotr Radziszewski; Raquel Casado; Víctor Blanco; Domingo Pérez; Víctor M. Viñas; Yvan Brijsse; Mia Frosch; Duy Michael Le; Matt Wayman. Eco-friendly Materials for a New Concept of Asphalt Pavement. Transportation Research Procedia 2016, 14, 3582 -3591.

AMA Style

Karol J. Kowalski, Jan Krol, Piotr Radziszewski, Raquel Casado, Víctor Blanco, Domingo Pérez, Víctor M. Viñas, Yvan Brijsse, Mia Frosch, Duy Michael Le, Matt Wayman. Eco-friendly Materials for a New Concept of Asphalt Pavement. Transportation Research Procedia. 2016; 14 ():3582-3591.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Karol J. Kowalski; Jan Krol; Piotr Radziszewski; Raquel Casado; Víctor Blanco; Domingo Pérez; Víctor M. Viñas; Yvan Brijsse; Mia Frosch; Duy Michael Le; Matt Wayman. 2016. "Eco-friendly Materials for a New Concept of Asphalt Pavement." Transportation Research Procedia 14, no. : 3582-3591.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture
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W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienie wpływu zwiększonej ilości dodatku destruktu asfaltowego na odporność mieszanek mineralno-asfaltowych na działanie wody. Badaniom poddano mieszanki o ciągłym uziarnieniu typu betonowego i nieciągłym uziarnieniu typu SMA. Zbadano betony asfaltowe o zawartości destruktu do 90% oraz mieszanki mastyksu grysowego o zawartości destruktu do 50%. W zależności od rodzaju badanej mieszanki stosowano destrukt asfaltowy o ciągłym i nieciągłym uziarnieniu z warstw nawierzchni drogowej eksploatowanej nie dłużej niż 20 lat. Na podstawie przeprowadzonych badań stwierdzono, że dodatek destruktu asfaltowego nie powoduje utraty odporności mieszanki na dziaSłanie wody poza wartości wymagane. Stwierdzono, że niewielka ilość destruktu asfaltowego może wpływać korzystnie na poprawę wartości wskaźnika ITSR

ACS Style

Jan B. Król; Adam Liphardt; Michał Sarnowski; Karol J. Kowalski; Piotr Radziszewski. ODPORNOŚĆ NA DZIAŁANIE WODY MIESZANEK MINERALNO-ASFALTOWYCH ZE ZWIĘKSZONĄ ILOŚCIĄ DESTRUKTU. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Jan B. Król, Adam Liphardt, Michał Sarnowski, Karol J. Kowalski, Piotr Radziszewski. ODPORNOŚĆ NA DZIAŁANIE WODY MIESZANEK MINERALNO-ASFALTOWYCH ZE ZWIĘKSZONĄ ILOŚCIĄ DESTRUKTU. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Jan B. Król; Adam Liphardt; Michał Sarnowski; Karol J. Kowalski; Piotr Radziszewski. 2016. "ODPORNOŚĆ NA DZIAŁANIE WODY MIESZANEK MINERALNO-ASFALTOWYCH ZE ZWIĘKSZONĄ ILOŚCIĄ DESTRUKTU." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture
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ACS Style

Adam Liphardt; Piotr Radziszewski; Jan Król. METODA OCENY MIESZALNOŚCI LEPISZCZY W MIESZANKACH MINERALNO-ASFALTOWYCH Z DESTRUKTEM. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture 2016, 1 .

AMA Style

Adam Liphardt, Piotr Radziszewski, Jan Król. METODA OCENY MIESZALNOŚCI LEPISZCZY W MIESZANKACH MINERALNO-ASFALTOWYCH Z DESTRUKTEM. Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture. 2016; ():1.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam Liphardt; Piotr Radziszewski; Jan Król. 2016. "METODA OCENY MIESZALNOŚCI LEPISZCZY W MIESZANKACH MINERALNO-ASFALTOWYCH Z DESTRUKTEM." Journal of Civil Engineering, Environment and Architecture , no. : 1.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2016 in Procedia Engineering
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ACS Style

Adam Liphardt; Jan Król; Piotr Radziszewski. Influence of Polymer Modified Binder Content from RAP on Stone Mastic Asphalt Rutting Resistance. Procedia Engineering 2016, 153, 407 -413.

AMA Style

Adam Liphardt, Jan Król, Piotr Radziszewski. Influence of Polymer Modified Binder Content from RAP on Stone Mastic Asphalt Rutting Resistance. Procedia Engineering. 2016; 153 ():407-413.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Adam Liphardt; Jan Król; Piotr Radziszewski. 2016. "Influence of Polymer Modified Binder Content from RAP on Stone Mastic Asphalt Rutting Resistance." Procedia Engineering 153, no. : 407-413.