In this study, we investigated an absorber based on a center-aligned tandem nanopillar array for ultra-broadband solar energy harvesting theoretically. A high-efficiency, omnidirectional absorber was obtained by introducing the center-aligned tandem nanopillar array embedded in an Al₂O₃ dielectric layer. The multi-coupling modes at different wavelengths were interpreted. The strong absorption can be adjusted by changing the radii and heights of nanopillars. According to the simulation results, the average absorptance of the absorber exceeded 94% in the wavelength range from 300 nm to 2000 nm. In addition, the high-efficiency absorption was insensitive to the incident angle and polarization state. The research not only proposed an absorber which possesses a huge potential value for application areas, such as thermal photovoltaic systems, infrared detection, and isotropic absorption sensors, but also pointed out a new way to design an absorber with high efficiency in an ultrabroad wavelength range.

The accurate monitoring and dynamic analysis of metal ions are of considerable practical significance in environmental toxicology and life sciences. Colorimetric analysis and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing technologies, utilizing the aggregation effect of gold and silver nanoparticles (Au/Ag NPs), have emerged as prominent methods for rapid metal ion detection. While sharing a common plasmonic basis, these two techniques serve distinct yet complementary analytical roles: colorimetric assays offer rapid, instrument-free visual screening ideal for point-of-care testing (POCT), whereas SERS provides superior sensitivity and structural fingerprinting for precise quantification in complex matrices. Furthermore, the synergistic integration of these modalities facilitates the development of dual-mode sensing platforms, enabling mutual signal verification for enhanced reliability. This article evaluates contemporary optical sensing methodologies utilizing aggregation effects and their advancements in the detection of diverse metal ions. It comprehensively outlines methodological advancements from nanomaterial fabrication to signal transduction, encompassing approaches such as biomass-mediated green synthesis and functionalization, targeted surface ligand engineering, digital readout systems utilizing intelligent algorithms, and multimodal synergistic sensing. Recent studies demonstrate that these techniques have attained trace-level identification of target ions regarding analytical efficacy, with detection limits generally conforming to or beyond applicable environmental and health safety regulations. Moreover, pertinent research has enhanced detection linear ranges, anti-interference properties, and adaptability for POCT, validating the usefulness and developmental prospects of this technology for analysis in complicated matrices.

Radiation temperature measurement is a non-contact temperature measurement method based on the thermal radiation characteristics of objects. Obtaining the true temperature of the target by using the radiation temperature measurement method can not only ensure the safety and reliability of the testing process, but also significantly improve the temperature measurement accuracy. However, this method is greatly affected by factors such as the environment and test conditions. To address this issue, this paper proposes a radiation temperature measurement method based on laser modulation to calibrate parameters such as emissivity, reflectance, and gas transmittance of the material surface in real time, and combines the radiation temperature field inversion algorithm to obtain the true temperature of the material surface. Research shows that under the modulation of CO₂ lasers, the corresponding emissivity values can be obtained in real time according to the changes in surface temperature, and then the real-time temperature values can be calculated through the temperature inversion algorithm.

To instruct interior lighting design of aviation cockpit and ensure the work efficiency and comfort of pilots, and reduce safety accidents caused by light environment and visual fatigue during flight, it is important to establish a multi-dimensional ergonomic evaluation mechanism of cockpit light environment. In this paper, by improving Jdms' mental load theory, we establish a thorough experimental scheme based on physiological workload, mental workload, work performance and physiological work performance to evaluate the cockpit ergonomic under different light environment multi-dimensionally. Firstly, 12 evaluation indexes including job accuracy, job speed, blinking, heart rate variability, average fixation time, saccadic speed, mental demand, physical demand, operational performance, time demand, degree of confusion and degree of effort are obtained through the experiment, and then the weight of each evaluation index is calculated by entropy method to construct the ergonomic evaluation model. The evaluation results of physiological workload, mental load, work performance and physiological work performance were combined to obtain the final ergonomic evaluation results. According to our experimental results, it was found that light environment for pilot to get the highest ergonomic efficiency is 1500 lx light illumination and 5000K color temperature. The results provide a reference for the ergonomic experiment of aircraft cockpit and the design of aviation cockpit lighting system.

The accurate monitoring and dynamic analysis of metal ions are of considerable practical significance in environmental toxicology and life sciences. Colorimetric analysis and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing technologies, utilizing the aggregation effect of gold and silver nanoparticles (Au/Ag NPs), have emerged as prominent methods for rapid metal ion detection, serving as effective complements to conventional bulky instrumental analysis techniques. This is propelled by their distinctive localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response and electromagnetic field enhancement mechanisms. This article evaluates contemporary optical sensing methodologies utilizing aggregation effects and their advancements in the detection of diverse metal ions. It comprehensively outlines methodological advancements from nanomaterial fabrication to signal transduction, encompassing approaches such as biomass-mediated green synthesis and functionalization, targeted surface ligand engineering, digital readout systems utilizing intelligent algorithms, and multimodal synergistic sensing. Recent studies demonstrate that these techniques have attained trace-level identification of target ions regarding analytical efficacy, with detection limits generally conforming to or beyond applicable environmental and health safety regulations. Moreover, pertinent research has enhanced detection linear ranges, anti-interference properties, and adaptability for point-of-care testing (POCT), validating the usefulness and developmental prospects of this technology for analysis in complicated matrices.

Reflective SLMs are gaining increasing attention for aspherical surface testing due to their dynamic adjustability, fast operation, and high optical efficiency, offering clear advantages over costly CGH methods. This paper presents a wavefront measurement system that avoids the need for dedicated beam-splitting or complex long optical paths typically required when using a reflective SLM in the interference section. The measured results are comparable to those obtained with a commercial lens compensation method, with the overall RMS values agreeing to within approximately 0.01λ, and the maximum RMS deviation from the mean remaining within 0.025λ across all temperature conditions. With its simple structure and short optical path, the system enables fast measurement.