Background: Previous studies suggested that mdivi-1 (mitochondrial division inhibitor), a putative inhibitor of dynamin-related protein (DRP1), decreased cancer cell proliferation through inducing mitochondrial fusion and altering oxygen consumption. However, the metabolic reprogramming underlying the DRP1 inhibition is still unclear in cancer cells. Methods: To better understand the metabolic effect of DRP1 inhibition, [U-¹³C]glucose isotope tracing was employed to assess mdivi-1 effects in several cancer cell lines, DRP1-WT (wild-type) and DRP1-KO (knockout) H460 lung cancer cells and mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). Results: Mitochondrial staining confirmed that mdivi-1 treatment and DRP1 deficiency induced mitochondrial fusion. Surprisingly, metabolic isotope tracing found that mdivi-1 decreased mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the lung cancer cell lines H460, A549 and the colon cancer cell line HCT116. [U-¹³C]glucose tracing studies also showed that the TCA cycle intermediates had significantly lower enrichment in mdivi-1-treated cells. In comparison, DRP1-WT and DRP1-KO H460 cells had similar oxidative metabolism, which was decreased by mdivi-1 treatment. Furthermore, mdivi-1-mediated effects on oxidative metabolism were independent of mitochondrial fusion. Conclusions: Our data suggest that, in cancer cells, mdivi-1, a putative inhibitor of DRP1, decreases oxidative metabolism to impair cell proliferation.

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is the most common inherited retinal disease and a major cause of irreversible vision loss. The purpose of this study was to assess peripheral retinal vessels in RP. A cross-sectional study. Patients with RP and age-matched controls. Using ultra-widefield fundus images, the retina was divided into 3 zones: posterior, midperiphery, and far periphery. To evaluate vascularity of the retina, the vessels were counted at the border of posterior and midperipheral zones (Z1/2) and the border of midperipheral and far peripheral zones (Z2/3). Vessel counts at Z1/2 and Z2/3. One hundred eighty-one eyes of 107 RP patients and 130 eyes of 84 controls were included. In the RP group, the median vessel counts at Z1/2 and Z2/3 were 8 and 3, respectively. These were strikingly lower than the control group with the median vessels of 42 and 43.5 at Z1/2 (P < 0.001) and Z2/3 (P < 0.001), respectively. Twenty-two percent of RP eyes were entirely avascular in the far periphery, and 7% were avascular in the midperiphery and far periphery. Only 5% of RP eyes had >25 vessels at Z2/3. There were significantly fewer vessels in the temporal retina at both Z1/2 (P = 0.01) and Z2/3 (P < 0.001) in RP eyes. Furthermore, eyes with visual acuity of 20/200 or worse had significantly fewer vessels at Z1/2 (P < 0.001) and Z2/3 (P < 0.001). There were no significant differences in the number of vessels at Z1/2 and 2/3 between the right and left eyes of RP patients with both eyes included in the study. This study provides compelling evidence of substantial symmetrical peripheral retinal vascular loss in RP. This finding may aid in clinical diagnosis of the disease and have significant therapeutic implications. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term impact of social determinants of health on diabetic retinopathy (DR) incidence, complications, and management in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with emphasis on disparities among treatment-adherent individuals and demographic subgroups. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using TriNetX, a national electronic health records network spanning 70 U.S. healthcare organisations. Adults diagnosed with T2DM were categorised into socially deprived and non-deprived cohorts based on ICD-10 codes related to housing instability, food insecurity, and financial hardship. Propensity score matching balanced cohorts on demographics, comorbidities, laboratory values, medications, and ophthalmic care utilisation. Outcomes included incident DR, sight-threatening complications, ophthalmic treatment and diagnostics, and documented treatment nonadherence. Cox proportional hazards models estimated hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Matched cohorts included 62,786 socially deprived and 62,786 non-deprived patients (mean age, 54 years; 42% female; 49% White, 27% Black, 14% Hispanic). Over a 10-year follow-up, social deprivation was associated with increased risk of DR (HR 1.40, 95% CI 1.34–1.47) and sight-threatening complications, including blindness. Documented nonadherence was significantly increased in the socially deprived cohort (HR 3.57, 95% CI 3.47–3.68). Among patients without documented nonadherence, social deprivation was associated with increased DR risk (HR 1.44, 95% CI 1.35–1.54) and treatment utilisation. Disparities were most pronounced in males, Hispanic individuals, and adults aged 18–39. Conclusions: Social deprivation, regardless of documented treatment adherence, increased DR incidence and complications. Targeted interventions are needed to address persistent disparities and reduce DR burden.

Objective: Given the prevalence of post‐intubation acute laryngeal injury (ALgI) and its association with glottic stenosis, greater attention has been placed on the mitigation of modifiable risk factors in patients requiring intubation, notably endotracheal tube (ETT) size. No widely accepted guidelines for adult ETT sizing exist. To better understand how factors driving ETT sizing may differ across specialties, we conducted a survey of faculty Anesthesiologists, Intensivists, and Emergency Medicine (EM) physicians.Methods: An anonymous 14‐question Qualtrics survey was distributed to relevant faculty employed at a single tertiary care institution. Participants completed questions pertaining to their training, ETT sizing preferences, factors considered in decision‐making, and perceived knowledge regarding risk factors of glottic stenosis.Results: A total of 103 complete responses were included, with a response rate of 55.1%. Standard ETT size was reported by 94 (91.3%) respondents to be 7.5 mm or larger in adult males and by 92 (89.3%) respondents to be 7.0 mm or larger in adult females. All respondents preferred a significantly larger ETT size for males compared to females (all p < 0.001). “Need for bronchoscopy” was the most cited factor precluding both males and females from being intubated with a smaller ETT across all specialties. When queried on posterior glottic stenosis, 64 (62.1%) respondents erroneously identified cuff pressure as a risk factor.Conclusions: Understanding ETT sizing among intubating physicians is critical to reducing intubation‐related ALgI. Future laryngologist‐led interventions may be directed toward the adoption of a predominately height‐based model for ETT sizing and education on glottic stenosis.Level of Evidence: 5.