The Abu Farayed Granite (AFG), located in the southeastern desert of Egypt, was intruded during the early to late stages of Pan-African orogeny that prevailed within the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The AFG intrudes an association of gneisses, island arc volcano–sedimentary rocks, and serpentinite masses. Field observations, supported by remote sensing and geochemical data, reveal a composite granitic intrusion that is differentiated into two magmatic phases. The early granitic phase comprises weakly deformed subduction-related calc–alkaline rocks ranging from diorite to tonalite, while the later encloses undeformed granodiorite and granite. Landsat-8 (OLI) remote sensing data have shown to be highly effective in discriminating among the different varieties of granites present in the area. Furthermore, the data have provided important insights into the structural characteristics of the AFG region. Specifically, the data indicate the presence of major tectonic trends with ENE–WSW and NW–SE directions transecting the AFG area. Geochemically, the AFG generally has a calc–alkaline metaluminous affinity with relatively high values of Cs, Rb, K, Sr, Nd, and Hf but low contents of Nb, Ta, P, and Y. The early magmatic phase has lower alkalis and REEs, while the later phases have higher alkalis and REEs with distinctly negative Eu anomalies. The AFG is structurally controlled, forming a N–S arch, which may be due to the influence of the wadi Hodein major shear zone. The diorite and tonalite are believed to have been originally derived from subduction-related magmatism during regional compression. This began with the dehydration of the descending oceanic crust with differential melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge. Magma ascent was long enough to react with the thickened crust and therefore suffered fractional crystallization and assimilation (AFC) to produce the calc–alkaline diorite–tonalite association. The granodiorite and granites were produced due to partial melting, assimilation, and fractionation of lower crustal rocks (mainly diorite–tonalite of the early stage) after subduction and arc volcanism during a late orogenic relaxation–rebound event associated with uplift transitioning to extension.

The present work deals with geologic adaptation of Wadi Kharit shear zone based on field, petrographic, remote sensing and structural data. Neoproterozoic basement cover of Wadi Kharit includes, island arc metasedimentary association, metagabbro-diorite complex, syn-late to post-tectonized granites, and Nubian sandstone. The major structural orientation of the area is 270°‒ 280° N. The microstructure and paleostress analyses reveal a dextral sense of the shear zone. Such orientation indicates either the greater Najd-related Wadi Kharit–Hodein shear zone was overprinted by a dextral event subsequent to the main sinistral sense shear, or that Wadi Kharit shear can be considered as a separate high strain zone showing neither geometric nor kinematic relations with Wadi Hodein shear zone.

Poly-deformed late-Proterozoic metamorphic domains covering Um Ashira area at the western segment of Wadi Allaqi shear zone, South Eastern Desert of Egypt, show evidences of inverted Barrovian metamorphism. They exhibit four metamorphic zonal patterns, arranging progressively from chlorite, biotite, garnet, to sillimanite zones. The higher grade metamorphic domains appear at higher structural levels with general dipping toward the North East. Four deformational phases (D₁–D₄), associating with major planar structures (S₁–S₄), and four mesoscopic and microscopic folds are recognized. The pervasive fabric, growth of metamorphic minerals and peak metamorphism were linked to D₂ deformation phase. Structural, petrographic, microchemical, and thermobarometric data along South-North profile show possibility of inverted Barrovian metamorphic pattern with an increase in the metamorphic grade toward the North. The established structural sequence and tectonic modeling suggest that the apparent inversion coexists due to the main F₂ folding phase.