The Abu Farayed Granite (AFG), located in the southeastern desert of Egypt, was intruded during the early to late stages of Pan-African orogeny that prevailed within the Arabian–Nubian Shield. The AFG intrudes an association of gneisses, island arc volcano–sedimentary rocks, and serpentinite masses. Field observations, supported by remote sensing and geochemical data, reveal a composite granitic intrusion that is differentiated into two magmatic phases. The early granitic phase comprises weakly deformed subduction-related calc–alkaline rocks ranging from diorite to tonalite, while the later encloses undeformed granodiorite and granite. Landsat-8 (OLI) remote sensing data have shown to be highly effective in discriminating among the different varieties of granites present in the area. Furthermore, the data have provided important insights into the structural characteristics of the AFG region. Specifically, the data indicate the presence of major tectonic trends with ENE–WSW and NW–SE directions transecting the AFG area. Geochemically, the AFG generally has a calc–alkaline metaluminous affinity with relatively high values of Cs, Rb, K, Sr, Nd, and Hf but low contents of Nb, Ta, P, and Y. The early magmatic phase has lower alkalis and REEs, while the later phases have higher alkalis and REEs with distinctly negative Eu anomalies. The AFG is structurally controlled, forming a N–S arch, which may be due to the influence of the wadi Hodein major shear zone. The diorite and tonalite are believed to have been originally derived from subduction-related magmatism during regional compression. This began with the dehydration of the descending oceanic crust with differential melting of the metasomatized mantle wedge. Magma ascent was long enough to react with the thickened crust and therefore suffered fractional crystallization and assimilation (AFC) to produce the calc–alkaline diorite–tonalite association. The granodiorite and granites were produced due to partial melting, assimilation, and fractionation of lower crustal rocks (mainly diorite–tonalite of the early stage) after subduction and arc volcanism during a late orogenic relaxation–rebound event associated with uplift transitioning to extension.

The garnet bearing muscovite granite (GMG) of Gabal El Magal El Harami along Wadi Nugrus shear zone represents one of important rare metal bearing granites in the South Eastern Desert of Egypt. The Landsat-8 (OLI) remote sensing data, field works, and petrographic investigations revealed that the GMG is emplaced within old continental gneissic units, ophiolite mélange and island arc associations. It forms NNW–SSE trending elongate belt parallel to the famous Wadi Nugrus shear zone. It also appears as small off-shoot dyke-like bodies, and huge semicircular mass with domal shapes. It is essentially composed of pla-gioclase, K-feldspar, quartz, muscovite and garnet. This granite is enriched by some accessory minerals (i.e. garnet spessartine, zircon, fluorite, monazite, xenotime, apatite, iron) and rare metals (i.e. niobium - tantalum, wolframite, cassiterite, beryl). Moreover it is enriched in Ba, Rb, U, Th, K, Nb, but have low Sr, Y. The studied granite intrusion has S-type peraluminous signature and high K-calc alkaline affinity. This intrusion is highly fractionated granite that was formed during the post orogenic times through partial melting of metagraywackes from lower crustal sources under high temperature and pressure conditions.