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Noa Lincoln is kanaka maoli (Native Hawaiian) and kama’aina (native born) to Kealakekua on Hawai’i Island. His childhood consists of unique training by Hawaiian elders in la’au lapa’au (ethnobotany) and traditional management methods for agriculture and ocean resources. Dr. Lincoln completed his formal trainings at Yale University (ʻ03) in Environmental Engineering and Stanford University (ʻ13) in Biogeochemistry and Social Ecology. He has worked and studied across the Pacific Rim in California, Costa Rica, Brazil, New Zealand, Tahiti, and the Marquesas, among other places. Much of his applied training through mentorship has focused on the installation of cultural values into management systems, often through the development of multiple bottom line assessment tools. Dr. Lincoln is an Associate Researcher at the University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, where he runs the highly interdisciplinary Indigenous Cropping Systems laboratory. He has, and continues to, research a broad spectrum of areas, including forest ecology and management, restoration ecology, archaeology, personal values and sense of place, ecosystem services, and terrestrial biogeochemistry within both natural and human dominated systems (i.e. agriculture). His primary focus, however, is on indigenous cropping systems and human societies in both the past and the present. Using development pathways on islands as model systems for understanding the complex interaction between humans and their environment.
Replacing conventional monocultures with high diversity agroecosystems can positively impact environmental quality, but their adoption is limited, in part, due to inadequate understanding of how these systems operate regarding belowground competition. We examined how root competition between breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and māmaki (Pipturus albidus) affected aboveground performance under three different establishment treatments: breadfruit first, māmaki first, and simultaneous establishment. Our 2x3 factorial design consists of two competition treatments and the three establishment treatments. Plants were grown together on either side of 47-gallon pots. For non-competition groups, a sheet of vinyl plastic was used to keep the roots of each species separate while maintaining above ground conditions. We used root cores to quantify the spatial allocation of root biomass to explore competition strategies of the two crops and measured biomass production to determine how growth was affected by competition. Our results demonstrate different effects, with breadfruit above ground biomass (AGBM) decreased and māmaki AGBM increased under competition. Below ground biomass increased for both plants under competition. Prior establishment enhanced māmaki’s response to competition, while breadfruit’s response to competition was exacerbated by post establishment and mitigated by simultaneous establishment. We suggest that māmaki’s response is due to a more aggressive strategy that targets resource patches, while breadfruit is unable to compete within established māmaki zones and employs an avoidance strategy for root allocation.
Maxwell Steinbock Bendes; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. Impacts of underground competition and establishment on growth and root architecture of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and māmaki (Pipturus albidus). Rhizosphere 2021, 18, 100337 .
AMA StyleMaxwell Steinbock Bendes, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. Impacts of underground competition and establishment on growth and root architecture of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and māmaki (Pipturus albidus). Rhizosphere. 2021; 18 ():100337.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMaxwell Steinbock Bendes; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. 2021. "Impacts of underground competition and establishment on growth and root architecture of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) and māmaki (Pipturus albidus)." Rhizosphere 18, no. : 100337.
Dew formation is an essential component of the water balance in dry ecosystems, but measuring dew is challenging due, in part, to its dependency on the surface on which it forms. We detail the use of a modified Hiltner dew balance to illustrate how more accurate measurements of dewfall may be obtained. Using a modified Hiltner dew balance, we measured dewfall in the Negev Desert continuously for 3 years (2013–2015). Data analyses examined the relationship between dew formation, rain events and other environmental parameters in order to re-evaluate the importance of dew in the water budget. In line with previous research, our findings demonstrate that dewfall is a substantial and stable input of water in the Negev desert, providing inputs in the dry summer and the wet winter. Our results show that while dewfall was larger and more prevalent in proximity to rain events, a notable portion of dewfall took place on days distant from any rain event. The Hiltner dew balance modifications proved to be reliable and increased the efficacy of measuring the quantity and timing of dew formation. This study demonstrates the importance of integrating dewfall data into decision-making models for dryland ecosystems and agriculture, as well as into climate models.
Amber Hill; Noa Lincoln; Shimon Rachmilevitch; Oren Shelef. Modified Hiltner Dew Balance to Re-Estimate Dewfall Accumulation as a Reliable Water Source in the Negev Desert. Water 2020, 12, 2952 .
AMA StyleAmber Hill, Noa Lincoln, Shimon Rachmilevitch, Oren Shelef. Modified Hiltner Dew Balance to Re-Estimate Dewfall Accumulation as a Reliable Water Source in the Negev Desert. Water. 2020; 12 (10):2952.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmber Hill; Noa Lincoln; Shimon Rachmilevitch; Oren Shelef. 2020. "Modified Hiltner Dew Balance to Re-Estimate Dewfall Accumulation as a Reliable Water Source in the Negev Desert." Water 12, no. 10: 2952.
Humanity faces significant challenges to agriculture and human nutrition, and changes in climate are predicted to make such challenges greater in the future. Neglected and underutilized crops may play a role in mitigating and addressing such challenges. Breadfruit is a long-lived tree crop that is a nutritious, carbohydrate-rich staple, which is a priority crop in this regard. A fuzzy-set modeling approach was applied, refined, and validated for breadfruit to determine its current and future potential productivity. Hawai’i was used as a model system, with over 1,200 naturalized trees utilized to calibrate a habitat suitability model and 56 producer sites used to validate the model. The parameters were then applied globally on 17 global climate models at the RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 global climate projections for 2070. Overall, breadfruit suitability increases in area and in quality, with larger increases occurring in the RCP 8.5 projection. Current producing regions largely remain unchanged in both projections, indicating relative stability of production potential in current growing regions. Breadfruit, and other tropical indigenous food crops present strong opportunities for cultivation and food security risk management strategies moving forward.
Kalisi Mausio; Tomoaki Miura; Noa K. Lincoln. Cultivation potential projections of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) under climate change scenarios using an empirically validated suitability model calibrated in Hawai’i. PLOS ONE 2020, 15, e0228552 .
AMA StyleKalisi Mausio, Tomoaki Miura, Noa K. Lincoln. Cultivation potential projections of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) under climate change scenarios using an empirically validated suitability model calibrated in Hawai’i. PLOS ONE. 2020; 15 (5):e0228552.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKalisi Mausio; Tomoaki Miura; Noa K. Lincoln. 2020. "Cultivation potential projections of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) under climate change scenarios using an empirically validated suitability model calibrated in Hawai’i." PLOS ONE 15, no. 5: e0228552.
Agricultural strategies in ancient Hawai'i were adaptive, occasionally unique, and increasingly being shown to have strongly related to the local environmental opportunities and constraints. However, little is known about the extent of arboriculture and forest modification due to the lack of physical infrastructure and remains associated with these forms of agriculture. We utilize historical ethnography and remote sensing to examine the form and function of agroforestry along the Hāmākua coast on Hawai'i Island. Mapping over 26,000 remnant trees of two species used in Hawaiian agroforestry systems, we identify two distinct applications of arboriculture: A permanent arboricultural system with substantial breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis (Parkinson) Fosberg) and a shifting cultivation system based on candlenut (Aleurites moluccanus (L.) Willd). The distributions of these systems on the landscape appear to be constrained by soil fertility and temperature, with the swidden agricultural system occurring on the more fertile portion of the landscape and the permanent arboricultural system occupying the less fertile lands. Experimentation demonstrating the nitrogen accumulation and fixation associated with candlenut compost suggests that the swidden system would be maximized if the rotation occurred in the range of 6–12 years
Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. Agroforestry form and ecological adaptation in ancient Hawai'i: Extent of the pākukui swidden system of Hāmākua, Hawai'i Island. Agricultural Systems 2020, 181, 102808 .
AMA StyleNoa Kekuewa Lincoln. Agroforestry form and ecological adaptation in ancient Hawai'i: Extent of the pākukui swidden system of Hāmākua, Hawai'i Island. Agricultural Systems. 2020; 181 ():102808.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoa Kekuewa Lincoln. 2020. "Agroforestry form and ecological adaptation in ancient Hawai'i: Extent of the pākukui swidden system of Hāmākua, Hawai'i Island." Agricultural Systems 181, no. : 102808.
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) has been promoted as an underutilized crop with tremendous potential to address global hunger and transform agricultural practices in the tropics. While traditionally confined to Oceania, breadfruit has been spread throughout the global tropics in the 250 years, with a significant increase in distribution and production over the last 20–30 years, bringing the crop into a vast array of growing conditions. We apply a systematic protocol to 33 previous studies representing 41 locations to explore the effect of abiotic environmental factors on nutritive aspects of breadfruit in three categories: proximate analyses, micro- and macro-nutrients, and vitamins. In applying linear and multi-variate regressions, data suggests that the abiotic factors play a strong role in the nutritive value of the crop and that each category of nutrition responds differently to the environment. In general, proximate analyses were most responsive to average annual precipitation, while vitamin concentrations respond to both climate and soil parameters; micro- and macro-nutrients show little correlation to climate or soils. We present findings in the context of previous research on abiotic influence of food nutrition.
Amber Needham; Rajesh Jha; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. The response of breadfruit nutrition to local climate and soil: A review. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 2020, 88, 103451 .
AMA StyleAmber Needham, Rajesh Jha, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. The response of breadfruit nutrition to local climate and soil: A review. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis. 2020; 88 ():103451.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmber Needham; Rajesh Jha; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. 2020. "The response of breadfruit nutrition to local climate and soil: A review." Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 88, no. : 103451.
Kawika B. Winter; Yoshimi M. Rii; Frederick A. W. L. Reppun; Katy DeLaforgue Hintzen; Rosanna A. Alegado; Brian W. Bowen; Leah L. Bremer; Makena Coffman; Jonathan L. Deenik; Megan J. Donahue; Kim A. Falinski; Kiana Frank; Erik C. Franklin; Natalie Kurashima; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Elizabeth M. P. Madin; Margaret A. McManus; Craig E. Nelson; Ryan Okano; Anthony Olegario; Pua'Ala Pascua; Kirsten L. L. Oleson; Melissa R. Price; Malia Ana J. Rivera; Kuulei S. Rodgers; Tamara Ticktin; Christopher L. Sabine; Celia M. Smith; Alice Hewett; Rocky Kaluhiwa; Māhealani Cypher; Bill Thomas; Jo-Ann Leong; Kristina Kekuewa; Jean Tanimoto; Kānekoa Kukea-Shultz; A. Hiʻilei Kawelo; Keliʻi Kotubetey; Brian J. Neilson; Tina S. Lee; Robert J. Toonen. Collaborative research to inform adaptive comanagement: a framework for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve. Ecology and Society 2020, 25, 1 .
AMA StyleKawika B. Winter, Yoshimi M. Rii, Frederick A. W. L. Reppun, Katy DeLaforgue Hintzen, Rosanna A. Alegado, Brian W. Bowen, Leah L. Bremer, Makena Coffman, Jonathan L. Deenik, Megan J. Donahue, Kim A. Falinski, Kiana Frank, Erik C. Franklin, Natalie Kurashima, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Elizabeth M. P. Madin, Margaret A. McManus, Craig E. Nelson, Ryan Okano, Anthony Olegario, Pua'Ala Pascua, Kirsten L. L. Oleson, Melissa R. Price, Malia Ana J. Rivera, Kuulei S. Rodgers, Tamara Ticktin, Christopher L. Sabine, Celia M. Smith, Alice Hewett, Rocky Kaluhiwa, Māhealani Cypher, Bill Thomas, Jo-Ann Leong, Kristina Kekuewa, Jean Tanimoto, Kānekoa Kukea-Shultz, A. Hiʻilei Kawelo, Keliʻi Kotubetey, Brian J. Neilson, Tina S. Lee, Robert J. Toonen. Collaborative research to inform adaptive comanagement: a framework for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve. Ecology and Society. 2020; 25 (4):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawika B. Winter; Yoshimi M. Rii; Frederick A. W. L. Reppun; Katy DeLaforgue Hintzen; Rosanna A. Alegado; Brian W. Bowen; Leah L. Bremer; Makena Coffman; Jonathan L. Deenik; Megan J. Donahue; Kim A. Falinski; Kiana Frank; Erik C. Franklin; Natalie Kurashima; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Elizabeth M. P. Madin; Margaret A. McManus; Craig E. Nelson; Ryan Okano; Anthony Olegario; Pua'Ala Pascua; Kirsten L. L. Oleson; Melissa R. Price; Malia Ana J. Rivera; Kuulei S. Rodgers; Tamara Ticktin; Christopher L. Sabine; Celia M. Smith; Alice Hewett; Rocky Kaluhiwa; Māhealani Cypher; Bill Thomas; Jo-Ann Leong; Kristina Kekuewa; Jean Tanimoto; Kānekoa Kukea-Shultz; A. Hiʻilei Kawelo; Keliʻi Kotubetey; Brian J. Neilson; Tina S. Lee; Robert J. Toonen. 2020. "Collaborative research to inform adaptive comanagement: a framework for the Heʻeia National Estuarine Research Reserve." Ecology and Society 25, no. 4: 1.
Winter, K. B., N. K. Lincoln, F. Berkes, R. A. Alegado, N. Kurashima, K. L. Frank, P. Pascua, Y. M. Rii, F. Reppun, I. S. S. Knapp, W. C. McClatchey, T. Ticktin, C. Smith, E. C. Franklin, K. Oleson, M. R. Price, M. A. McManus, M. J. Donahue, K. S. Rodgers, B. W. Bowen, C. E. Nelson, B. Thomas, J.-A. Leong, E. M. P. Madin, M. A. J. Rivera, K. A. Falinski, L. L. Bremer, J. L. Deenik, S. M. Gon III, B. Neilson, R. Okano, A. Olegario, B. Nyberg, A. H. Kawelo, K. Kotubetey, J. K. Kukea-Shultz, and R. J. Toonen. 2020. Ecomimicry in Indigenous resource management: optimizing ecosystem services to achieve resource abundance, with examples from Hawaiʻi. Ecology and Society 25(2):26. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-11539-250226
Kawika B. Winter; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Fikret Berkes; Rosanna A. Alegado; Natalie Kurashima; Kiana L. Frank; Puaʻala Pascua; Yoshimi M. Rii; Frederick Reppun; Ingrid S.S. Knapp; Will C. McClatchey; Tamara Ticktin; Celia Smith; Erik C. Franklin; Kirsten Oleson; Melissa R. Price; Margaret A. McManus; Megan J. Donahue; Kuulei S. Rodgers; Brian W. Bowen; Craig E. Nelson; Bill Thomas; Jo-Ann Leong; Elizabeth M. P. Madin; Malia Ana J. Rivera; Kim A. Falinski; Leah L. Bremer; Jonathan L. Deenik; Sam M. Gon Iii; Brian Neilson; Ryan Okano; Anthony Olegario; Ben Nyberg; A. Hiʻilei Kawelo; Keliʻi Kotubetey; J. Kānekoa Kukea-Shultz; Robert J. Toonen. Ecomimicry in Indigenous resource management: optimizing ecosystem services to achieve resource abundance, with examples from Hawaiʻi. Ecology and Society 2020, 25, 1 .
AMA StyleKawika B. Winter, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Fikret Berkes, Rosanna A. Alegado, Natalie Kurashima, Kiana L. Frank, Puaʻala Pascua, Yoshimi M. Rii, Frederick Reppun, Ingrid S.S. Knapp, Will C. McClatchey, Tamara Ticktin, Celia Smith, Erik C. Franklin, Kirsten Oleson, Melissa R. Price, Margaret A. McManus, Megan J. Donahue, Kuulei S. Rodgers, Brian W. Bowen, Craig E. Nelson, Bill Thomas, Jo-Ann Leong, Elizabeth M. P. Madin, Malia Ana J. Rivera, Kim A. Falinski, Leah L. Bremer, Jonathan L. Deenik, Sam M. Gon Iii, Brian Neilson, Ryan Okano, Anthony Olegario, Ben Nyberg, A. Hiʻilei Kawelo, Keliʻi Kotubetey, J. Kānekoa Kukea-Shultz, Robert J. Toonen. Ecomimicry in Indigenous resource management: optimizing ecosystem services to achieve resource abundance, with examples from Hawaiʻi. Ecology and Society. 2020; 25 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawika B. Winter; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Fikret Berkes; Rosanna A. Alegado; Natalie Kurashima; Kiana L. Frank; Puaʻala Pascua; Yoshimi M. Rii; Frederick Reppun; Ingrid S.S. Knapp; Will C. McClatchey; Tamara Ticktin; Celia Smith; Erik C. Franklin; Kirsten Oleson; Melissa R. Price; Margaret A. McManus; Megan J. Donahue; Kuulei S. Rodgers; Brian W. Bowen; Craig E. Nelson; Bill Thomas; Jo-Ann Leong; Elizabeth M. P. Madin; Malia Ana J. Rivera; Kim A. Falinski; Leah L. Bremer; Jonathan L. Deenik; Sam M. Gon Iii; Brian Neilson; Ryan Okano; Anthony Olegario; Ben Nyberg; A. Hiʻilei Kawelo; Keliʻi Kotubetey; J. Kānekoa Kukea-Shultz; Robert J. Toonen. 2020. "Ecomimicry in Indigenous resource management: optimizing ecosystem services to achieve resource abundance, with examples from Hawaiʻi." Ecology and Society 25, no. 2: 1.
Soil organisms, including earthworms, are a key component of terrestrial ecosystems. However, little is known about their diversity, their distribution, and the threats affecting them. We compiled a global dataset of sampled earthworm communities from 9212 sites in 57 countries as a basis for predicting patterns in earthworm diversity, abundance, and biomass. We found that local species richness and abundance typically peaked at mid-latitudes, displaying patterns opposite to those observed in aboveground organisms. However, high species dissimilarity across tropical locations may cause diversity across the entirety of the tropics to be higher than elsewhere. Climate variables and habitat cover were found to be more important in shaping earthworm communities than soil properties. These findings suggest that climate and habitat change may have serious implications for earthworm communities and for the functions they provide.
Helen R. P. Phillips; Carlos A. Guerra; Marie L. C. Bartz; Maria J. I. Briones; George Brown; Thomas W. Crowther; Olga Ferlian; Konstantin B. Gongalsky; Johan Van Den Hoogen; Julia Krebs; Alberto Orgiazzi; Devin Routh; Benjamin Schwarz; Elizabeth M. Bach; Joanne M. Bennett; Ulrich Brose; Thibaud Decaëns; Birgitta König-Ries; Michel Loreau; Jérôme Mathieu; Christian Mulder; Wim H. van der Putten; Kelly S. Ramirez; Matthias C. Rillig; David Russell; Michiel Rutgers; Madhav P. Thakur; Franciska T. de Vries; Diana H. Wall; David A. Wardle; Miwa Arai; Fredrick O. Ayuke; Geoff H. Baker; Robin Beauséjour; José C. Bedano; Klaus Birkhofer; Eric Blanchart; Bernd Blossey; Thomas Bolger; Robert L. Bradley; Mac A. Callaham; Yvan Capowiez; Mark E. Caulfield; Amy Choi; Felicity V. Crotty; Andrea Dávalos; Darío J. Diaz Cosin; Anahí Dominguez; Andrés Esteban Duhour; Nick van Eekeren; Christoph Emmerling; Liliana B. Falco; Rosa Fernández; Steven J. Fonte; Carlos Fragoso; André L. C. Franco; Martine Fugère; Abegail T. Fusilero; Shaieste Gholami; Michael J. Gundale; Mónica Gutiérrez López; Davorka K. Hackenberger; Luis M. Hernández; Takuo Hishi; Andrew R. Holdsworth; Martin Holmstrup; Kristine N. Hopfensperger; Esperanza Huerta Lwanga; Veikko Huhta; Tunsisa T. Hurisso; Basil V. Iannone; Madalina Iordache; Monika Joschko; Nobuhiro Kaneko; Radoslava Kanianska; Aidan M. Keith; Courtland A. Kelly; Maria L. Kernecker; Jonatan Klaminder; Armand W. Koné; Yahya Kooch; Sanna T. Kukkonen; H. Lalthanzara; Daniel R. Lammel; Iurii M. Lebedev; Yiqing Li; Juan B. Jesus Lidon; Noa K. Lincoln; Scott R. Loss; Raphael Marichal; Radim Matula; Jan Hendrik Moos; Gerardo Moreno; Alejandro Morón-Ríos; Bart Muys; Johan Neirynck; Lindsey Norgrove; Marta Novo; Visa Nuutinen; Victoria Nuzzo; Mujeeb Rahman P; Johan Pansu; Shishir Paudel; Guénola Pérès; Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho; Raúl Piñeiro; Jean-François Ponge; Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid; Salvador Rebollo; Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias; Miguel Á. Rodríguez; Alexander M. Roth; Guillaume X. Rousseau; Anna Rozen; Ehsan Sayad; Loes van Schaik; Bryant C. Scharenbroch; Michael Schirrmann; Olaf Schmidt; Boris Schröder; Julia Seeber; Maxim P. Shashkov; Jaswinder Singh; Sandy M. Smith; Michael Steinwandter; José A. Talavera; Dolores Trigo; Jiro Tsukamoto; Anne W. de Valença; Steven J. Vanek; Iñigo Virto; Adrian A. Wackett; Matthew W. Warren; Nathaniel H. Wehr; JoAnn K. Whalen; Michael B. Wironen; Volkmar Wolters; Irina V. Zenkova; Weixin Zhang; Erin K. Cameron; Nico Eisenhauer. Global distribution of earthworm diversity. Science 2019, 366, 480 -485.
AMA StyleHelen R. P. Phillips, Carlos A. Guerra, Marie L. C. Bartz, Maria J. I. Briones, George Brown, Thomas W. Crowther, Olga Ferlian, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Johan Van Den Hoogen, Julia Krebs, Alberto Orgiazzi, Devin Routh, Benjamin Schwarz, Elizabeth M. Bach, Joanne M. Bennett, Ulrich Brose, Thibaud Decaëns, Birgitta König-Ries, Michel Loreau, Jérôme Mathieu, Christian Mulder, Wim H. van der Putten, Kelly S. Ramirez, Matthias C. Rillig, David Russell, Michiel Rutgers, Madhav P. Thakur, Franciska T. de Vries, Diana H. Wall, David A. Wardle, Miwa Arai, Fredrick O. Ayuke, Geoff H. Baker, Robin Beauséjour, José C. Bedano, Klaus Birkhofer, Eric Blanchart, Bernd Blossey, Thomas Bolger, Robert L. Bradley, Mac A. Callaham, Yvan Capowiez, Mark E. Caulfield, Amy Choi, Felicity V. Crotty, Andrea Dávalos, Darío J. Diaz Cosin, Anahí Dominguez, Andrés Esteban Duhour, Nick van Eekeren, Christoph Emmerling, Liliana B. Falco, Rosa Fernández, Steven J. Fonte, Carlos Fragoso, André L. C. Franco, Martine Fugère, Abegail T. Fusilero, Shaieste Gholami, Michael J. Gundale, Mónica Gutiérrez López, Davorka K. Hackenberger, Luis M. Hernández, Takuo Hishi, Andrew R. Holdsworth, Martin Holmstrup, Kristine N. Hopfensperger, Esperanza Huerta Lwanga, Veikko Huhta, Tunsisa T. Hurisso, Basil V. Iannone, Madalina Iordache, Monika Joschko, Nobuhiro Kaneko, Radoslava Kanianska, Aidan M. Keith, Courtland A. Kelly, Maria L. Kernecker, Jonatan Klaminder, Armand W. Koné, Yahya Kooch, Sanna T. Kukkonen, H. Lalthanzara, Daniel R. Lammel, Iurii M. Lebedev, Yiqing Li, Juan B. Jesus Lidon, Noa K. Lincoln, Scott R. Loss, Raphael Marichal, Radim Matula, Jan Hendrik Moos, Gerardo Moreno, Alejandro Morón-Ríos, Bart Muys, Johan Neirynck, Lindsey Norgrove, Marta Novo, Visa Nuutinen, Victoria Nuzzo, Mujeeb Rahman P, Johan Pansu, Shishir Paudel, Guénola Pérès, Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho, Raúl Piñeiro, Jean-François Ponge, Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid, Salvador Rebollo, Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias, Miguel Á. Rodríguez, Alexander M. Roth, Guillaume X. Rousseau, Anna Rozen, Ehsan Sayad, Loes van Schaik, Bryant C. Scharenbroch, Michael Schirrmann, Olaf Schmidt, Boris Schröder, Julia Seeber, Maxim P. Shashkov, Jaswinder Singh, Sandy M. Smith, Michael Steinwandter, José A. Talavera, Dolores Trigo, Jiro Tsukamoto, Anne W. de Valença, Steven J. Vanek, Iñigo Virto, Adrian A. Wackett, Matthew W. Warren, Nathaniel H. Wehr, JoAnn K. Whalen, Michael B. Wironen, Volkmar Wolters, Irina V. Zenkova, Weixin Zhang, Erin K. Cameron, Nico Eisenhauer. Global distribution of earthworm diversity. Science. 2019; 366 (6464):480-485.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHelen R. P. Phillips; Carlos A. Guerra; Marie L. C. Bartz; Maria J. I. Briones; George Brown; Thomas W. Crowther; Olga Ferlian; Konstantin B. Gongalsky; Johan Van Den Hoogen; Julia Krebs; Alberto Orgiazzi; Devin Routh; Benjamin Schwarz; Elizabeth M. Bach; Joanne M. Bennett; Ulrich Brose; Thibaud Decaëns; Birgitta König-Ries; Michel Loreau; Jérôme Mathieu; Christian Mulder; Wim H. van der Putten; Kelly S. Ramirez; Matthias C. Rillig; David Russell; Michiel Rutgers; Madhav P. Thakur; Franciska T. de Vries; Diana H. Wall; David A. Wardle; Miwa Arai; Fredrick O. Ayuke; Geoff H. Baker; Robin Beauséjour; José C. Bedano; Klaus Birkhofer; Eric Blanchart; Bernd Blossey; Thomas Bolger; Robert L. Bradley; Mac A. Callaham; Yvan Capowiez; Mark E. Caulfield; Amy Choi; Felicity V. Crotty; Andrea Dávalos; Darío J. Diaz Cosin; Anahí Dominguez; Andrés Esteban Duhour; Nick van Eekeren; Christoph Emmerling; Liliana B. Falco; Rosa Fernández; Steven J. Fonte; Carlos Fragoso; André L. C. Franco; Martine Fugère; Abegail T. Fusilero; Shaieste Gholami; Michael J. Gundale; Mónica Gutiérrez López; Davorka K. Hackenberger; Luis M. Hernández; Takuo Hishi; Andrew R. Holdsworth; Martin Holmstrup; Kristine N. Hopfensperger; Esperanza Huerta Lwanga; Veikko Huhta; Tunsisa T. Hurisso; Basil V. Iannone; Madalina Iordache; Monika Joschko; Nobuhiro Kaneko; Radoslava Kanianska; Aidan M. Keith; Courtland A. Kelly; Maria L. Kernecker; Jonatan Klaminder; Armand W. Koné; Yahya Kooch; Sanna T. Kukkonen; H. Lalthanzara; Daniel R. Lammel; Iurii M. Lebedev; Yiqing Li; Juan B. Jesus Lidon; Noa K. Lincoln; Scott R. Loss; Raphael Marichal; Radim Matula; Jan Hendrik Moos; Gerardo Moreno; Alejandro Morón-Ríos; Bart Muys; Johan Neirynck; Lindsey Norgrove; Marta Novo; Visa Nuutinen; Victoria Nuzzo; Mujeeb Rahman P; Johan Pansu; Shishir Paudel; Guénola Pérès; Lorenzo Pérez-Camacho; Raúl Piñeiro; Jean-François Ponge; Muhammad Imtiaz Rashid; Salvador Rebollo; Javier Rodeiro-Iglesias; Miguel Á. Rodríguez; Alexander M. Roth; Guillaume X. Rousseau; Anna Rozen; Ehsan Sayad; Loes van Schaik; Bryant C. Scharenbroch; Michael Schirrmann; Olaf Schmidt; Boris Schröder; Julia Seeber; Maxim P. Shashkov; Jaswinder Singh; Sandy M. Smith; Michael Steinwandter; José A. Talavera; Dolores Trigo; Jiro Tsukamoto; Anne W. de Valença; Steven J. Vanek; Iñigo Virto; Adrian A. Wackett; Matthew W. Warren; Nathaniel H. Wehr; JoAnn K. Whalen; Michael B. Wironen; Volkmar Wolters; Irina V. Zenkova; Weixin Zhang; Erin K. Cameron; Nico Eisenhauer. 2019. "Global distribution of earthworm diversity." Science 366, no. 6464: 480-485.
Traditional crops are often forwarded as a critical means for increasing local food, yet little is understood about their consumption patterns in contemporary food systems. This study utilizes a survey to examine the consumption patterns, preparation methods, sources utilized, and awareness of health benefits of breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) in Hawai’i. Results indicated that an average of 13.7 servings of breadfruit per year are eaten by an individual; however, the distribution of consumption follows an exponential curve and 57% of participants only eat it three times per year or less. Approximately one-quarter (22%) of a breadfruit is eaten in one sitting on average, which equates to approximately 71 dry grams. Awareness of health benefits correlated to increased consumption, as did knowledge or preparation methods. While a range of sources were utilized, 71% of people source their fruit from a backyard tree, while only 5% ever obtained fruit from a retail store. Such information is useful in determining the consumptive impacts of intervention programs, such as tree giveaways and consumer education, and to understand how to best facilitate the increased consumption of underutilized crops.
Amber Needham; Noa Lincoln. Interactions between People and Breadfruit in Hawai’i: Consumption, Preparation, and Sourcing Patterns. Sustainability 2019, 11, 4983 .
AMA StyleAmber Needham, Noa Lincoln. Interactions between People and Breadfruit in Hawai’i: Consumption, Preparation, and Sourcing Patterns. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (18):4983.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAmber Needham; Noa Lincoln. 2019. "Interactions between People and Breadfruit in Hawai’i: Consumption, Preparation, and Sourcing Patterns." Sustainability 11, no. 18: 4983.
Breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis) cultivation is gaining momentum throughout the tropics due to its high yield and nutritious fruit. One impediment to expanding production of breadfruit is the lack of agronomic research related to production management. We examined foliar nutrient concentrations of different leaf positions and leaf parts to assess within- and between-tree variance to inform an effective sampling protocol. We further validated the sampling protocol on 595 trees at 87 sites that were assessed for yield and productivity. Foliar nutrients differed significantly by categories of productivity. For the first time, breadfruit-specific standards of foliar nutrient concentrations are presented for consideration. In conclusion, we recommend that foliar sampling use petioles harvested from leaves in the third position from the branch tip using sun-exposed leaves in the midcanopy of each tree.
Noa K. Lincoln; Theodore Radovich; Kahealani Acosta; Eli Isele; Alyssa Cho. Toward Standardized Leaf Sampling for Foliar Nutrient Analysis in Breadfruit. HortTechnology 2019, 29, 443 -449.
AMA StyleNoa K. Lincoln, Theodore Radovich, Kahealani Acosta, Eli Isele, Alyssa Cho. Toward Standardized Leaf Sampling for Foliar Nutrient Analysis in Breadfruit. HortTechnology. 2019; 29 (4):443-449.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoa K. Lincoln; Theodore Radovich; Kahealani Acosta; Eli Isele; Alyssa Cho. 2019. "Toward Standardized Leaf Sampling for Foliar Nutrient Analysis in Breadfruit." HortTechnology 29, no. 4: 443-449.
As an introduction to the special issue on “Biocultural Restoration in Hawai‘i,” this manuscript provides background for term ‘biocultural restoration,’ and contextualizes it within the realms of scholarship and conservation. It explores two key themes related to the topic. First, “Earth as Island, Island as Earth,” scales up an island-borne concept of sustainability into a global context. Second, “Hawai‘i as a Biocultural Leader,” examines the reasons behind the global trend of looking to the most isolated landmass on the planet for solutions to global sustainability issues. We conclude by summarizing the content of the special issue and pointing out the historic nature of its publication. It is the largest collection to date of scientific papers authored by Native Hawaiians and kama‘āina (Hawai‘i-grown) scholars, and more than 50% of both lead and total authorship are women. This Special Issue, therefore, represents a big step forward for under-represented demographics in science. It also solidifies, as embodied in many of the papers in this Special Issue, indigenous methodologies that prioritize working relationships and practical applications by directly involving those on the front lines of biocultural conservation and restoration.
Kevin Chang; Kawika B. Winter; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. Hawai‘i in Focus: Navigating Pathways in Global Biocultural Leadership. Sustainability 2019, 11, 283 .
AMA StyleKevin Chang, Kawika B. Winter, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. Hawai‘i in Focus: Navigating Pathways in Global Biocultural Leadership. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (1):283.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKevin Chang; Kawika B. Winter; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. 2019. "Hawai‘i in Focus: Navigating Pathways in Global Biocultural Leadership." Sustainability 11, no. 1: 283.
Indigenous crops, tremendously valuable both for food security and cultural survival, are experiencing a resurgence in Hawaiʻi. These crops have been historically valued by agricultural researchers as genetic resources for breeding, while cultural knowledge, names, stories and practices persisted outside of formal educational and governmental institutions. In recent years, and following conflicts ignited over university research on and patenting of kalo (Hāloa, Colocasia esculenta), a wave of restoration activities around indigenous crop diversity, cultivation, and use has occurred through largely grassroots efforts. We situate four crops in Hawaiian cosmologies, review and compare the loss and recovery of names and cultivars, and describe present efforts to restore traditional crop biodiversity focusing on kalo, ʻuala (Ipomoea batatas), kō (Saccharum officinarum), and ʻawa (Piper methysticum). The cases together and particularly the challenges of kalo and ‘awa suggest that explicitly recognizing the sacred role such plants hold in indigenous worldviews, centering the crops’ biocultural significance, provides a foundation for better collaboration across multiple communities and institutions who work with these species. Furthermore, a research agenda that pursues a decolonizing approach and draws from more participatory methods can provide a path forward towards mutually beneficial exchange among research, indigenous, and farmer communities. We outline individual and institutional responsibilities relevant to work with indigenous crops and communities and offer this as a step towards reconciliation, understanding, and reciprocity that can ultimately work to create abundance through the restoration of ancestral crop cultivar diversity.
Aurora Kagawa-Viviani; Penny Levin; Edward Johnston; Jeri Ooka; Jonathan Baker; Michael Kantar; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. I Ke Ēwe ʻĀina o Ke Kupuna: Hawaiian Ancestral Crops in Perspective. Sustainability 2018, 10, 4607 .
AMA StyleAurora Kagawa-Viviani, Penny Levin, Edward Johnston, Jeri Ooka, Jonathan Baker, Michael Kantar, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. I Ke Ēwe ʻĀina o Ke Kupuna: Hawaiian Ancestral Crops in Perspective. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (12):4607.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAurora Kagawa-Viviani; Penny Levin; Edward Johnston; Jeri Ooka; Jonathan Baker; Michael Kantar; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. 2018. "I Ke Ēwe ʻĀina o Ke Kupuna: Hawaiian Ancestral Crops in Perspective." Sustainability 10, no. 12: 4607.
The Hawaiian Islands today are faced with a complex mix of sustainability challenges regarding food systems. After European arrival, there was a change of dietary customs and decline in traditional Hawaiian agriculture along with the cultural mechanisms which sustained them. Recently, there has been a resurgence for local food and culture alongside an enthusiasm for breadfruit (Artocarpus altilis)—a Polynesian staple crop. To investigate the role of breadfruit and biocultural restoration in Hawai‘i, we conducted surveys and interviews with local breadfruit producers. Overall, we found that breadfruit has the potential to provide holistic, practical and appropriate solutions to key issues in Hawai‘i, including food security, environmental degradation and public health, while simultaneously lending to the revival of cultural norms and social relationships. As breadfruit cultivation expands rapidly in Hawai‘i, the opportunities for increased social and environmental benefits can be realized if appropriately encouraged.
Blaire Langston; Noa Lincoln. The Role of Breadfruit in Biocultural Restoration and Sustainability in Hawai‘i. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3965 .
AMA StyleBlaire Langston, Noa Lincoln. The Role of Breadfruit in Biocultural Restoration and Sustainability in Hawai‘i. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):3965.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBlaire Langston; Noa Lincoln. 2018. "The Role of Breadfruit in Biocultural Restoration and Sustainability in Hawai‘i." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 3965.
Before European contact, Native Hawaiian agriculture was highly adapted to place and expressed a myriad of forms. Although the iconic lo‘i systems (flooded irrigated terraces) are often portrayed as traditional Hawaiian agriculture, other forms of agriculture were, in sum, arguably more important. While pockets of traditional agricultural practices have persevered over the 240 years since European arrival, the revival of indigenous methods and crops has substantially increased since the 1970s. While engagement in lo‘i restoration and maintenance has been a core vehicle for communication and education regarding Hawaiian culture, it does not represent the full spectrum of Hawaiian agriculture and, on the younger islands of Hawai‘i and Maui in particular, does not accurately represent participants’ ancestral engagement with ‘āina malo‘o (dry land, as opposed to flooded lands). These “dryland” forms of agriculture produced more food than lo‘i, especially on the younger islands, were used to produce a broader range of resource crops such as for fiber, timber, and medicine, were more widespread across the islands, and formed the economic base for the powerful Hawai‘i Island chiefs who eventually conquered the archipelago. The recent engagement in the restoration of these forms of agriculture on Hawai‘i Island, compared to the more longstanding efforts to revive lo‘i-based cultivation, is challenging due to highly eroded knowledge systems. However, their restoration highlights the high level of place-based adaptation, demonstrates the scale and political landscape of pre-European Hawai‘i, and provides essential elements in supporting the restoration of Hawaiian culture.
Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Jack Rossen; Peter Vitousek; Jesse Kahoonei; Dana Shapiro; Keone Kalawe; Māhealani Pai; Kehaulani Marshall; Kamuela Meheula. Restoration of ‘Āina Malo‘o on Hawai‘i Island: Expanding Biocultural Relationships. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3985 .
AMA StyleNoa Kekuewa Lincoln, Jack Rossen, Peter Vitousek, Jesse Kahoonei, Dana Shapiro, Keone Kalawe, Māhealani Pai, Kehaulani Marshall, Kamuela Meheula. Restoration of ‘Āina Malo‘o on Hawai‘i Island: Expanding Biocultural Relationships. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (11):3985.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoa Kekuewa Lincoln; Jack Rossen; Peter Vitousek; Jesse Kahoonei; Dana Shapiro; Keone Kalawe; Māhealani Pai; Kehaulani Marshall; Kamuela Meheula. 2018. "Restoration of ‘Āina Malo‘o on Hawai‘i Island: Expanding Biocultural Relationships." Sustainability 10, no. 11: 3985.
Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes are often used to make inferences of past environments and social patterns. We analyze δ 13C and δ 15N values in contemporary kukui (Aleurites moluccanus) endocarp to examine the effects of site environment. Results from across environmental transects on Hawai‘i Island show strong patterns for both stable isotopes. For δ 13C a robust linear relationship with elevation is exhibited, strengthened by the inclusion of rainfall. This relationship breaks down at a minimum threshold of annual rainfall, possible relating to physiological responses to drought. For δ 15N, the only significant relationship observed pertains to substrate age. The endocarp from kukui is one of the most readily identified plant remains in the Pacific archaeological records and is often targeted for radiocarbon dating. We discuss the potential implications of our results regarding ancient climate, inferred diets, and habitat composition.
Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Mark D. McCoy; Thegn N. Ladefoged. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in kukui (Aleurites moluccanus) endocarp along rainfall and elevation gradients: Archaeological implications. PLOS ONE 2018, 13, e0204654 .
AMA StyleNoa Kekuewa Lincoln, Mark D. McCoy, Thegn N. Ladefoged. Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in kukui (Aleurites moluccanus) endocarp along rainfall and elevation gradients: Archaeological implications. PLOS ONE. 2018; 13 (10):e0204654.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoa Kekuewa Lincoln; Mark D. McCoy; Thegn N. Ladefoged. 2018. "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in kukui (Aleurites moluccanus) endocarp along rainfall and elevation gradients: Archaeological implications." PLOS ONE 13, no. 10: e0204654.
Social-ecological system theory draws upon concepts established within the discipline of ecology, and applies them to a more holistic view of a human-in-nature system. We incorporated the keystone concept into social-ecological system theory, and used the quantum co-evolution unit (QCU) to quantify biocultural elements as either keystone components or redundant components of social-ecological systems. This is done by identifying specific elements of biocultural diversity, and then determining dominance within biocultural functional groups. The “Hawaiian social-ecological system” was selected as the model of study to test this concept because it has been recognized as a model of human biocomplexity and social-ecological systems. Based on both quantified and qualified assessments, the conclusions of this research support the notion that taro cultivation is a keystone component of the Hawaiian social-ecological system. It further indicates that sweet potato cultivation was a successional social-ecological keystone in regions too arid to sustain large-scale taro cultivation, and thus facilitated the existence of an “alternative regime state” in the same social-ecological system. Such conclusions suggest that these biocultural practices should be a focal point of biocultural restoration efforts in the 21st century, many of which aim to restore cultural landscapes.
Kawika B. Winter; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Fikret Berkes. The Social-Ecological Keystone Concept: A Quantifiable Metaphor for Understanding the Structure, Function, and Resilience of a Biocultural System. Sustainability 2018, 10, 3294 .
AMA StyleKawika B. Winter, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Fikret Berkes. The Social-Ecological Keystone Concept: A Quantifiable Metaphor for Understanding the Structure, Function, and Resilience of a Biocultural System. Sustainability. 2018; 10 (9):3294.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKawika B. Winter; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Fikret Berkes. 2018. "The Social-Ecological Keystone Concept: A Quantifiable Metaphor for Understanding the Structure, Function, and Resilience of a Biocultural System." Sustainability 10, no. 9: 3294.
Seth Quintus; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. Integrating Local and Regional in Pre-Contact Hawaiian Agriculture at Kahuku, Hawai‘i Island. Environmental Archaeology 2018, 25, 53 -68.
AMA StyleSeth Quintus, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. Integrating Local and Regional in Pre-Contact Hawaiian Agriculture at Kahuku, Hawai‘i Island. Environmental Archaeology. 2018; 25 (1):53-68.
Chicago/Turabian StyleSeth Quintus; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln. 2018. "Integrating Local and Regional in Pre-Contact Hawaiian Agriculture at Kahuku, Hawai‘i Island." Environmental Archaeology 25, no. 1: 53-68.
Aurora K. Kagawa-Viviani; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Seth Quintus; Matthew P. Lucas; Thomas W. Giambelluca. Spatial patterns of seasonal crop production suggest coordination within and across dryland agricultural systems of Hawaiʻi Island. Ecology and Society 2018, 23, 1 .
AMA StyleAurora K. Kagawa-Viviani, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Seth Quintus, Matthew P. Lucas, Thomas W. Giambelluca. Spatial patterns of seasonal crop production suggest coordination within and across dryland agricultural systems of Hawaiʻi Island. Ecology and Society. 2018; 23 (3):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleAurora K. Kagawa-Viviani; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Seth Quintus; Matthew P. Lucas; Thomas W. Giambelluca. 2018. "Spatial patterns of seasonal crop production suggest coordination within and across dryland agricultural systems of Hawaiʻi Island." Ecology and Society 23, no. 3: 1.
Agriculture in Hawaiʻi was developed in response to the high spatial heterogeneity of climate and landscape of the archipelago, resulting in a broad range of agricultural strategies. Over time, highly intensive irrigated and rainfed systems emerged, supplemented by extensive use of more marginal lands that supported considerable populations. Due to the late colonization of the islands, the pathways of development are fairly well reconstructed in Hawaiʻi. The earliest agricultural developments took advantage of highly fertile areas with abundant freshwater, utilizing relatively simple techniques such as gardening and shifting cultivation. Over time, investments into land-based infrastructure led to the emergence of irrigated pondfield agriculture found elsewhere in Polynesia. This agricultural form was confined by climatic and geomorphological parameters, and typically occurred in wetter, older landscapes that had developed deep river valleys and alluvial plains. Once initiated, these wetland systems saw regular, continuous development and redevelopment. As populations expanded into areas unable to support irrigated agriculture, highly diverse rainfed agricultural systems emerged that were adapted to local environmental and climatic variables. Development of simple infrastructure over vast areas created intensive rainfed agricultural systems that were unique in Polynesia. Intensification of rainfed agriculture was confined to areas of naturally occurring soil fertility that typically occurred in drier and younger landscapes in the southern end of the archipelago. Both irrigated and rainfed agricultural areas applied supplementary agricultural strategies in surrounding areas such as agroforestry, home gardens, and built soils. Differences in yield, labor, surplus, and resilience of agricultural forms helped shape differentiated political economies, hierarchies, and motivations that played a key role in the development of sociopolitical complexity in the islands.
Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Peter Vitousek. Indigenous Polynesian Agriculture in Hawaiʻi. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science 2017, 1 .
AMA StyleNoa Kekuewa Lincoln, Peter Vitousek. Indigenous Polynesian Agriculture in Hawaiʻi. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science. 2017; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleNoa Kekuewa Lincoln; Peter Vitousek. 2017. "Indigenous Polynesian Agriculture in Hawaiʻi." Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Environmental Science , no. : 1.
Kehaulani Marshall; Chloe Koseff; Amber L. Roberts; Ala Lindsey; Aurora K. Kagawa-Viviani; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Peter M. Vitousek. Restoring people and productivity to Puanui: challenges and opportunities in the restoration of an intensive rain-fed Hawaiian field system. Ecology and Society 2017, 22, 1 .
AMA StyleKehaulani Marshall, Chloe Koseff, Amber L. Roberts, Ala Lindsey, Aurora K. Kagawa-Viviani, Noa Kekuewa Lincoln, Peter M. Vitousek. Restoring people and productivity to Puanui: challenges and opportunities in the restoration of an intensive rain-fed Hawaiian field system. Ecology and Society. 2017; 22 (2):1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleKehaulani Marshall; Chloe Koseff; Amber L. Roberts; Ala Lindsey; Aurora K. Kagawa-Viviani; Noa Kekuewa Lincoln; Peter M. Vitousek. 2017. "Restoring people and productivity to Puanui: challenges and opportunities in the restoration of an intensive rain-fed Hawaiian field system." Ecology and Society 22, no. 2: 1.