Précis: The aim of our study was to evaluate the subclinical changes in the macula, retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), and choroidal thickness after coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection using spectral domain optical coherence tomography. Methods: Our study was prospectively designed and involved 170 eyes of 85 patients. Patients with polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive COVID-19 infection were examined in the ophthalmology clinic before and after infection were included. All included patients had mild COVID-19 with no hospitalization and no need for intubation. Control ophthalmic examination was repeated at least 6 months after PCR positivity. Macular and choroidal thickness and RNFL parameters were compared before and at least 6 months after PCR-positive COVID-19 infection using optical coherence tomography. Results: When the mean macular thickness data were evaluated, a significant decrease was detected in the inner (mean difference, −3.37 µm; 95% CI: −6.09 to −0.65, P = 0.021) and outer (mean difference, −6.56 µm; 95% CI: −9.26 to −3.86, P < 0.001) temporal segments and the inner (mean difference, −3.39 µm; 95% CI: −5.46 to −1.32, P = 0.002) and outer (mean difference, −2.01 µm; 95% CI, −3.70 to −0.31, P = 0.018) superior segments in the post-COVID-19 measurements compared with pre–COVID-19 measurements. Similarly, on RNFL evaluation, some thinning was evident in the temporal superior (mean = 1.14 µm, P = 0.004) and temporal inferior (mean = 1.30 µm, P = 0.032) regions. All choroidal regions, including central, nasal 500 µm and 1500 µm and temporal 500 µm and 1500 µm, exhibited significant thinning (P < 0.001). Conclusion: At least 6 months after mild COVID-19 infection, significant thinning was seen in the temporal and superior quadrants of the macula, the temporal superior and temporal inferior regions of the RNFL, and all measured areas of choroidal regions.

The objective of this study was to evaluate anterior segment parameters across various phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), considering body mass index (BMI), serum estradiol and testosterone levels. This prospective study included 116 women with PCOS, with each of the four distinct phenotype comprising 29 women. Additionally, 29 healthy women were included in the control group. All participants underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic examinations, including intraocular pressure (IOP) measurements. Anterior segment parameters, such as central corneal thickness (CCT), axial length (AL), aqueous depth (AD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT) were measured using optic biometry. Endothelial cell density (ECD) was assessed using non-contact specular microscopy. The BMI was calculated, and serum levels of estradiol and testosterone were noted. IOP was found to be significantly higher (p = 0.003) and CCT was significantly thicker (p = 0.004) in all phenotypes of PCOS compared to the control group. BMI, serum estradiol and free testosterone were found to correlate with both IOP and CCT. AL, AD, ACD and LT values showed no significant differences compared to the control group. Although ECD tend to be higher in the PCOS phenotypes, this difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Given our findings that CCT and IOP are significantly elevated in PCOS phenotypes. PCOS should be considered as an important factor when evaluating female patients for anterior segment diseases and glaucoma.

To investigate the effect of serum galectin-3 on naive neovascular AMD and its use as a serum marker by revealing the variation in this molecule between patient and control groups. Fifty-six naive neovascular AMD patients and 30 healthy control age-matched healthy subjects were included in this prospective case‒control study. Blood samples were obtained and used for analysis of complete blood count; High sensitivity C-reactive protein (HsCRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol, homocysteine, HbA1c and galectin-3 levels. The average HsCRP level in the AMD group was significantly higher than that in the control group (p < 0.001). The median leukocyte count was significantly higher in the AMD group than in the control group (p < 0.001). Total cholesterol, LDL and TG levels were significantly higher in the AMD group than in the control group (p < 0.001; in all comparisons). The mean HDL level was significantly lower in the AMD group than in the control group (p < 0.001). The mean galectin-3 level was 8.79 ± 0.55 in the AMD group and 6.55 ± 0.55 in the control group. There was a statistically significant increase in galectin-3 levels in the AMD group (p < 0.001). There was a significant positive correlation between CMT and galectin-3 levels in the control (r = 0.495, p = 0.005) and AMD (r = 0.776, p < 0.001) groups. This study reports that serum Gal-3 concentration was higher in the AMD group compared to the control group and positively correlated with CMT.

To evaluate the relationship between pterygium and serum thyroid hormone, vitamin B12, vitamin D3, folic acid, and ferritin levels between pterygium patients and control and to assess its correlation with clinical findings. 18–65-year-old 100 pterygium patients and age and sex matched 60 healthy control subjects were included. The peripheric blood sampling results were investigated. Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), vitamin B12, vitamin D3, folic acid, and ferritin levels of pterygium and control groups were compared. FT3 level was higher in the patient group compared to the control group, while vitamin B12, vitamin D3, folic acid and ferritin levels were significantly lower in the patient group compared to the control group (p < 0.05) No significant difference was found between the patient and control groups in terms of age, gender and body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.295, p = 0.625, p = 0.547, respectively). This study reports that pterygium patients have lower serum vitamin B12, folic acid, ferritin and vitamin D3 levels than healthy individuals.

Background: Fibrin pupillary-block glaucoma is a rare complication after uneventful cataract surgery. We aimed to share our treatment approach with Nd: YAG laser fibrin membranotomy. Case presentation: A 68-year-old male patient without any systemic comorbidity developed acute intraocular pressure elevation with a shallow anterior chamber 7 days after uneventful cataract surgery. Visual acuity (VA) of the right eye was 0.1 and IOP was 48 mmHg. There was a fibrin membrane that completely closed the pupillary space. It was observed that there was 360-degree iridocorneal contact in the periphery. An Nd: YAG laser was applied to create an opening at the upper edge of the fibrin membrane. A rapid deepening of the anterior chamber was observed immediately after perforation of the membrane. After deepening of the anterior chamber, permanent peripheral iridotomy was opened with argon-Nd: YAG. Conclusion: Although the fibrin membrane is seen after uneventful cataract surgeries usually suggests which inflammation is triggered, these results can sometimes occur even before the disease is present.