Minor grain crops are generally recognized as less-produced cereal or pseudo-cereal grain crops, excluding the four major grain crops of wheat, rice, corn, and soybean

Resistant starch type 3 (RS3) exhibits physiological benefits in regulating post-meal blood sugar levels and enhancing gut microbiota balance. In this study, mung bean starch was isolated and modified through debranching, annealing (ANN) and heat-moisture treatment (HMT). The multi-scale structures investigated by SEM, FT-IR, and XRD unveiled the formation of short-range ordered, helix, and crystalline structures. Notably, RS3 formed through debranching and HMT exhibited both a remarkably high RS content of 54.71% and a low estimated glycemic index (eGI) of 51.78. Statistical evaluation through correlation and stepwise regression analyses suggested that short-range molecular order was the primary factor associated with the resistance of RS3 to enzymatic hydrolysis, while the chain length of B-chains exerted secondary yet notable influences. This work provided novel insights into the interplay between processing methodologies, ordered molecular structures, and starch digestibility resistance.

Quinoa is a highly nutritious and biologically active crop. Prior studies have demonstrated that quinoa polysaccharides exhibit anti-obesity activity. This investigation confirmed that quinoa polysaccharides have the ability to inhibit the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The objective of transcriptome research was to investigate the mechanism of quinoa water-extracted polysaccharides and quinoa alkaline-extracted polysaccharides that hinder the growth of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. There were 2194 genes that showed differential expression between untreated cells and those treated with high concentrations of quinoa water-extracted polysaccharides (QWPHs). There were 1774 genes that showed differential expression between untreated cells and those treated with high concentrations of quinoa alkaline-extracted polysaccharides (QAPHs). Through gene ontology and KEGG pathway analysis, 20 characteristic pathways are found significantly enriched between the untreated group and the QAPH and QWPH groups. These pathways include the NOD-like receptor, Hepatitis C, and the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Atp13A4 and Gbgt1 have been identified as genes that are upregulated and downregulated in both the untreated group and the QWPH group, as well as in the untreated group and the QAPH group. These findings establish a theoretical foundation for exploring quinoa polysaccharides as an anti-obesity agent.