Cooperation, partnership and integration in the cross-border area: the role of borders and cross-border cooperation

An Investor, when planning an investment, in addition to the analysis of the initial investment cost, should pay attention to the costs of documentation and maintenance costs as well as planned repairs and possible demolitions. Thanks to the LCC analysis (total lifecycle costs of a construction project), it can include all investment process cost groups to optimize the investment project. In the above-mentioned process, an investor making many decisions regarding the assessment of the amount of costs incurred for the creation and use of a building object, has the opportunity to apply different experimental methods and techniques to take into account the various stages of the life cycle of the construction project. The main purpose of the article is to analyze the lifecycle costs of a building in an investment process on a selected example. In this analysis, an important goal has also been to define the principles to be followed in determining financial costs throughout the life of the building in accordance with applicable law (including those concerning public procurement, European Parliament and Council directives and PN-EN standards).

The aim of the study was to identify the needs of entrepreneurs in the context of labor shortages on the local labor market and supplement them with immigrants from Ukraine. The focus was on border enterprises from rural areas located on the external border of Poland and the EU. It was determined in which industries cross-border entrepreneurs are looking for migrants to work. A research questionnaire was created to determine the migrant’s profile from the point of view of the entrepreneur’s needs. It covered 400 enterprises, 100 from each of the surveyed voivodeships of Eastern Poland: Warmia-Masuria, Podlaskie, Lublin and Subcarpathia. Correspondence analysis was used to help determine differences in entrepreneurs’ preferences in the studied voivodeships. Entrepreneurs are most likely to employ qualified immigrants with professional experience in flexible forms of work. They expect that immigrants will be more available and will have lower wage requirements compared to local workers, which will translate into lower labor costs and better economic results. They believe that employing immigrants will improve productivity, quality and work discipline. The main limitations include ignorance or poor knowledge of the language of the host country, premature termination of contracts and working under the influence of alcohol.