Gibberellic acid (GA₃) is a tetracyclic diterpenoid carboxylic acid synthesized by the secondary metabolism of Fusarium fujikuroi. This phytohormone is widely studied due to the advantages it offers as a plant growth regulator, such as growth stimulation, senescence delay, flowering induction, increased fruit size, and defense against abiotic or biotic stress, which improve the quality and yield of crops. Therefore, GA₃ has been considered as an innovative strategy to improve agricultural production. However, the yields obtained at large scale are insufficient for the current market demand. This low productivity is attributed to the lack of adequate parameters to optimize the fermentation process, as well as the complexity of its regulation. Therefore, this article describes the latest advances for potentializing the GA₃ production process, including an analysis of its origins from crops, the benefits of its application, the related biosynthetic metabolism, the maximum yields achieved from production processes, and their association with genetic engineering techniques for GA₃ producers. This work provides a new perspective on the critical points of the production process, in order to overcome the limits surrounding this modern line of bioengineering.

(150 WORDS) Edible flowers are emerging pigment sources; Dahlia coccinea remains underexplored despite rich anthocyanin content and traditional uses. This study aimed to identify the anthocyanin and metabolite composition of three D. coccineacultivars (D1, D2, and D3) and to correlate their flavonoids ant total phenols with antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins were quantified spectrophotometrically, and metabolites were identified through FIA-ESI-FTICR MS and HPLC-IT-MS/MS. Data from both techniques enabled the identification of diverse flavonoids and anthocyanins, with pelargonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside, cyanidin-3-(6″-malonylglucoside), malvidin-3-(6-acetylglucoside), and peonidin-3-(6″-malonylglucoside) standing out due to their relative abundance. D3 exhibited the highest anthocyanin content (13.92 mg/g) and the most intense red coloration (a* = 42). Antioxidant assays (ABTS and DPPH) showed a strong correlation with flavonoid content (r² = 0.97) but not with total phenolics. These findings outline and highlight D. coccinea as a promising and underutilized botanical source of anthocyanins.