Zea mays L. ssp. mexicana (teosinte) is a naturally occurring grass related to maize. The two plants have developed foliar fungal diseases that can be controlled with beneficial bacterial antagonists. While the beneficial effects on stem and root development of the application of bacteria of the genus Azospirillum is widely known, the effects of the bacteria on the control of the phytopathogenic fungi associated with teosinte leaves and seeds are unknown. Bacterium of the species A. brasilense that present acetylene reducing activity, siderophore production and the ability to antagonise pathogenic fungi in vitro and in vivo in teosinte plants were selected for this study, in which the incidence of fungal diseases caused by Alternaria, Bipolaris and Fusarium were reduced in plants. Furthermore, biomass (root and stem) production increased, improving teosinte plant health in greenhouse and field conditions.

This study investigates agro-industrial by-products as sources of bioactive compounds, particularly focusing on phenolic compounds known for their antioxidant properties. With growing interest in natural alternatives to synthetic antioxidants due to safety concerns, this study highlights the health benefits of plant-derived phenolic compounds in food preservation and healthcare products. Traditional and advanced analytical techniques were used to obtain phytochemical profiles of various residue extracts, including espresso (SCG) and cold-brew spent coffee grounds (CBCG), pineapple peel (PP), beetroot pomace (BP), apple pomace (AP), black carrot pomace (BCP), and garlic peel (GP). Assessments of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity (AC) supported their revalorization. CBCG showed the highest TPC, TFC, and AC. TPC content in by-products decreased in the order CBCG > SCG > GP > BCP > PP > AP > BP, with a similar trend for TFC and AC. Phytochemical profiling via FI-ESI-FTICR-MS enabled the preliminary putative identification of a range of compounds, with polyphenols and terpenes being the most abundant. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed key patterns among samples. Strong positive correlations (Pearson’s R > 0.8) indicated significant contribution of polyphenols to antioxidant capacities. These findings highlight the potential of agro-industrial residues as natural antioxidants, advocating for their sustainable utilization.

Continuous discharges from diverse industrial activities have severely degraded the water quality of the Lerma River, turning it into a major environmental, social, and public health concern. Conventional wastewater treatment processes are often insufficient for eliminating persistent and refractory organic pollutants; therefore, the implementation of advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) is increasingly required to restore water quality. In this context, the present study systematically evaluated the individual and combined effects of ozonation and electrochemical oxidation using boron-doped diamond (BDD) electrodes for the treatment of contaminated river water. Ozonation alone achieved an 89% reduction in turbidity and a 19% decrease in total organic carbon (TOC), while electrochemical oxidation reduced turbidity by 82% and TOC by 57%. Remarkably, the simultaneous application of both treatments resulted in a 98% reduction in turbidity and an 80% decrease in TOC, clearly demonstrating a strong synergistic effect. Regarding true color at 436 nm, associated with yellow chromophore compounds, removal efficiencies of 98.9%, 94.7%, and 67.3% were obtained for the combined process, electrochemical oxidation, and ozonation, respectively. Phytotoxicity tests with Lactuca sativa seeds showed no statistically significant difference in toxicity in water treated with the O₃–EO System compared to raw water. These results highlight, for the first time under real river water conditions, the superior performance of the integrated O₃–EO system as an effective strategy for the intensified degradation and partial mineralization of persistent organic contaminants, thereby underscoring its strong potential for advanced remediation of heavily polluted surface waters.

Microalgae are photosynthetic unicellular microorganisms with high biomass productivity and potential for producing value-added compounds such as pigments, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. Scenedesmus dimorphus has been extensively studied for biodiesel produc-tion and biotechnological applications; its biochemical composition is influenced by nitrogen source and concentration. This study investigates the effects of ammonium and nitrate (1, 2, 4, 8, 16 mM) on biomass productivity and macromolecule accumulation in S. dimorphus, cultivated in 450 mL photobioreactors using modified BG11 medium. Results indicate that ammonium had an inhibitory effect on S. dimorphus at all tested concentrations, whereas all nitrate concentrations supported growth, with the highest biomass productivity at 4 mM. Protein and carbohydrate productivity peaked at 8 mM, while lipid accumulation was highest at 1 mM. Additionally, nitrate concentrations between 1 and 4 mM increased polyunsatu-rated fatty acid content and reduced chain length. Despite these variations, all cultures yielded lipids suitable for biodiesel production. Selecting nitrate concentration based on tar-get products could reduce nitrogen input costs by 55-94%, improving the economic feasibil-ity of large-scale S. dimorphus cultivation.

(150 WORDS) Edible flowers are emerging pigment sources; Dahlia coccinea remains underexplored despite rich anthocyanin content and traditional uses. This study aimed to identify the anthocyanin and metabolite composition of three D. coccineacultivars (D1, D2, and D3) and to correlate their flavonoids ant total phenols with antioxidant activity. Anthocyanins were quantified spectrophotometrically, and metabolites were identified through FIA-ESI-FTICR MS and HPLC-IT-MS/MS. Data from both techniques enabled the identification of diverse flavonoids and anthocyanins, with pelargonidin-3-rutinoside-5-glucoside, cyanidin-3-(6″-malonylglucoside), malvidin-3-(6-acetylglucoside), and peonidin-3-(6″-malonylglucoside) standing out due to their relative abundance. D3 exhibited the highest anthocyanin content (13.92 mg/g) and the most intense red coloration (a* = 42). Antioxidant assays (ABTS and DPPH) showed a strong correlation with flavonoid content (r² = 0.97) but not with total phenolics. These findings outline and highlight D. coccinea as a promising and underutilized botanical source of anthocyanins.