This study aimed to evaluate the tannin content in the bark of five pine species from a forest harvesting area of the Ixtlán de Juárez community, Oaxaca, México. The species studied were Pinus patula, Pinus ayacahuite, Pinus rudis, Pinus douglasiana, Pinus pseudostrobus. The bark samples were subjected to a drying, grinding, and sieving process. These compounds were extracted using two methods: by constant reflux with ethanol for three hours or in a water bath with distilled water for two hours. The percentage of total extract, Stiasny number, and condensed tannins were quantified. The quantitative number of condensed tannins present in the bark for each of the five species studied ranged from 0.65% to 5.14% for the ethanolic extracts and 0.14% to 1.46% for the aqueous extracts. Analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) identified polyphenolic compounds and functional groups characteristic of tannins. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray dispersive spectroscopy (EDX) provided the elemental analysis and chemical composition of the tannin extracts, respectively, finding trace elements of silver, cadmium, phosphorus, iodine, and sulfur, which are minerals present in the soil, meaning that through processes of micronutrient absorption, these can interact with the tannins or polyphenols in the barks of the tree species being studied. The results indicate that the bark of P. patula and P. ayacahuite have a higher concentration of condensed tannins, 5.14% and 4.71%, respectively, in the ethanol extraction, and may be susceptible to exploitation due to the amount of bark generated in forestry activities.

The state of Oaxaca, Mexico obtained the designation of origin “Pluma.” Roasting is one of the stages contributing to the coffee bean’s physical, chemical, and sensory quality. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the microstructure, physical parameters, and chemical composition in special grains of Coffea arabica L. with designation of origin “Pluma.” Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) analysis provided elemental analysis and chemical composition of coffee beans’ external surface and internal macrostructure, respectively. Therefore, the nitrogen concentration in coffee beans was PLU 8.65%, AGL 10.06%, TEO 12.01%, MAP 13.26, and PTO 15.04%. In addition, trace elements of tellurium, iodine, calcium, and titanium were identified in the coffee bean samples. The porosity by Imagine J and the physical analysis were carried out according to regulations. The C. arabica L. beans from MAP and HUA are the roughest and both are located at a lower altitude than the rest. The quantification of total polyphenols is higher for coffee beans of PLU with 56.04 and AGL with 56.72 mg EAG g-1 bs and the antioxidant capacity was PLU 320.54 and AGL 330.10 µmol Eq. Trolox g-1 bs, these values correspond to coffee beans grown at higher altitudes from 1343 to 1820 masl, respectively. The total polyphenol content and antioxidant capacity increased in coffee beans as the altitude at which they were grown increased. The control sample showed similar characteristics in terms of the attributes analyzed. C (66.48–81.14%) and O (18.86–28.69%) were found on the outside of all grains, except in AGL where Ca (4.5%) was detected, which can be a discriminating element to determine its authenticity.

The global threat of climate change has become increasingly severe, with the efficiency of buildings and the environment being significantly impacted. It is necessary to develop bioclimatic architectural systems that can effectively reduce energy consumption while bringing thermal comfort, reducing the impact of external temperatures. This study presents the results of a real-scale experimental house prototype, MHTITCA, using a unique design composed of novel eco-friendly prefabricated channel walls filled with a blend of soil, sawdust, and cement for walls and roofs. The experimental analysis performed in this study was based on dynamic climatology. A solar orientation chart of the place was constructed to identify the solar radiation intensity acting on the house. Measurements of roof surface temperatures were conducted to determine temperature damping and temperature wave lag. Monthly average temperature and direct solar radiation data of the site were considered. Compared to other alternative house prototypes, the system maximizes thermal comfort in high-oscillation temperate climates. Temperature measurements were taken inside and outside to evaluate the thermal performance. A thermal insulating layer was added outside the wall and the envelope to improve the prototype’s thermal comfort and reduce the decrement factor even more. This MHTITCA house prototype had 85% thermal comfort, 0% overheating, and 15% low heating. This eco-friendly prototype design had the best thermal performance, achieving a thermal lag of twelve hours, a reduced decrement factor of 0.109, and preventing overheating in areas with high thermal fluctuations. Comparatively, the other prototypes examined provided inferior thermal comfort. The suggested MHTITCA system can be an energy-saving and passive cooling option for thermal comfort in low-cost houses in temperate climates with high thermal oscillations in urban or rural settings.

3D printing technology made numerous contributions to the healthcare sector during the recent coronavirus 2019 pandemic (COVID-19). This review discusses some of these contributions of 3D printing that helped protect multiple lives during this health emergency and lists some of the key benefits of using 3D printing technology during an emergency over other traditional methods. This research confirms that 3D printing is very useful in times of severe supply shortages and excess demand. This review recognizes the collaborative approaches of individuals, entrepreneurs, academics, and companies that have helped form a global network to deliver 3D printed medical and nonmedical components, making additive manufacturing (3D printing) a representative alternative to produce ergonomic, cost-effective products and sustainable masks that reduce their environmental impact.