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Tsvetoslav Koynarski
Department of Animal Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria

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Journal article
Published: 23 May 2021 in Diversity
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Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are crucial pollinators for many crops and natural ecosystems. However, honey bee colonies have been experiencing heavy overwinter mortality in almost all parts of the world. In the present study we have investigatеd, for the first time, the effects from the application of the herbal supplements NOZEMAT HERB® (NH) and NOZEMAT HERB PLUS® (NHP) on overwintering honey bee colony survival and on total protein and lysozyme content. To achieve this, in early autumn 2019, 45 colonies were selected and treated with these herbal supplements. The total protein and lysozyme content were evaluated after administration of NH and NHP twice the following year (June and September 2020). The obtained results have shown that both supplements have a positive effect on overwintering colony survival. Considerable enhancement in longevity of “winter bees” has been observed after the application of NHP, possibly due to the increased functionality of the immune system and antioxidant detoxification capacity. Although the mechanisms of action of NH and NHP are yet to be completely elucidated, our results suggest a new holistic approach on overwintering honey bee colony survival and welfare.

ACS Style

Rositsa Shumkova; Ralitsa Balkanska; Tsvetoslav Koynarski; Peter Hristov. Application of the Natural Products NOZEMAT HERB and NOZEMAT HERB PLUS Can Decrease Honey Bee Colonies Losses during the Winter. Diversity 2021, 13, 228 .

AMA Style

Rositsa Shumkova, Ralitsa Balkanska, Tsvetoslav Koynarski, Peter Hristov. Application of the Natural Products NOZEMAT HERB and NOZEMAT HERB PLUS Can Decrease Honey Bee Colonies Losses during the Winter. Diversity. 2021; 13 (6):228.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Rositsa Shumkova; Ralitsa Balkanska; Tsvetoslav Koynarski; Peter Hristov. 2021. "Application of the Natural Products NOZEMAT HERB and NOZEMAT HERB PLUS Can Decrease Honey Bee Colonies Losses during the Winter." Diversity 13, no. 6: 228.

Journal article
Published: 28 August 2020 in Animals
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(1) Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a causative agent of acute viral hepatitis, predominantly transmitted by the fecal–oral route. In developed countries, HEV is considered to be an emerging pathogen since the number of autochthonous cases is rising. Hepatitis E is a viral disease with a proven zoonotic potential for some of its genotypes. The main viral reservoirs are domestic pigs and wild boar. Consumption of undercooked meat, as well as occupational exposure, are key factors for the spread of HEV. In order to evaluate the risks of future viral evolution, a detailed examination of the ecology and distribution of the virus is needed. The aim of the present study is to investigate the prevalence of anti-HEV IgG Ab in domestic pigs and wild boar in Bulgaria; (2) Methods: In this study, during the period of three years between 2017 and 2019, 433 serum samples from 19 different pig farms and 1 slaughterhouse were collected and analyzed. In addition, 32 samples from wild boar were also collected and analyzed during the 2018–2019 hunting season. All samples were analyzed by commercial indirect ELISA; (3) Results: Overall, HEV seroprevalence was 60% (95% CI 42.7–77.1) in domestic pigs and 12.5% (4/32) in wild boar. The observed seroprevalence of the slaughter-aged pigs was 73.65% (95% Cl 58.7–87.3). Prevalence in domestic pigs was significantly higher in the samples collected during 2019 (98% (95% Cl 96.1–99.9)) compared to those collected during 2017 (45.33% (95% CI 2.7–87.3)) and 2018 (38.46% (95% CI 29.1–49.7.); (4) Conclusions: Our findings suggest that domesticated pigs and wild boar might be the reason for the increased HEV transmission across Bulgaria. The genotypic characterization of HEV found in pigs, wild boar and humans will give a more accurate view of the zoonotic transmission of this virus.

ACS Style

Katerina Takova; Tsvetoslav Koynarski; Ivan Minkov; Zdravka Ivanova; Valentina Toneva; Gergana Zahmanova. Increasing Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Bulgaria. Animals 2020, 10, 1521 .

AMA Style

Katerina Takova, Tsvetoslav Koynarski, Ivan Minkov, Zdravka Ivanova, Valentina Toneva, Gergana Zahmanova. Increasing Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Bulgaria. Animals. 2020; 10 (9):1521.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Katerina Takova; Tsvetoslav Koynarski; Ivan Minkov; Zdravka Ivanova; Valentina Toneva; Gergana Zahmanova. 2020. "Increasing Hepatitis E Virus Seroprevalence in Domestic Pigs and Wild Boar in Bulgaria." Animals 10, no. 9: 1521.

Preprint
Published: 20 April 2018
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SummaryThe experiments for evaluation of the effect of Immunobeta were performed with turkeys and organically reared layer hens. Turkeys received Immunobeta at a dose of 4 g/kg feed during the beginning of lay (cold period), thermoneutral period and hot summer period. In hens, two dietary levels of Immunobeta were tested: 2 g/kg and 4 g/kg. Blood serum and egg lysozyme levels, alternative pathway of complement activation (APCA) and beta-lysins concentrations were determined. It was found out that Immunobeta had a beneficial effect on serum lysozyme, APCA activity and beta-lysins in turkeys and hens. The lysozyme concentration in egg white was statistically significantly higher in eggs produced by birds treated with both doses of the immunomodulator.

ACS Style

Nadya Bozakova; Lilyan Sotirov; Stefan Denev; Ts. Koynarski; Tsvetoslav Koynarski. Possibilities for improvement of humoral innate immunity in turkeys and hens in conditions of thermal stress by the immunomodulator Immunobeta. 2018, 305300 .

AMA Style

Nadya Bozakova, Lilyan Sotirov, Stefan Denev, Ts. Koynarski, Tsvetoslav Koynarski. Possibilities for improvement of humoral innate immunity in turkeys and hens in conditions of thermal stress by the immunomodulator Immunobeta. . 2018; ():305300.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nadya Bozakova; Lilyan Sotirov; Stefan Denev; Ts. Koynarski; Tsvetoslav Koynarski. 2018. "Possibilities for improvement of humoral innate immunity in turkeys and hens in conditions of thermal stress by the immunomodulator Immunobeta." , no. : 305300.

Journal article
Published: 28 November 2014 in Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine
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Common carp is one of the most important commercially produced fish all around the globe. Even not essential to fish, pro-nutrients could benefit animals’ health in many ways. Key role in stock animals’ protection against pathogens is played by the complement system. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the feed supplement VitaSil to the two major pathways of complement activation – classical and alternative, in extensively grown carp. The initial level for the Alternative pathway of complement activation (APCA) among both groups was 579.37 CH50. During the first month of treatment both groups showed significant decrease in the levels of this parameter. The obtained values on the 30th day of challenge were 498.05 CH50 for the control and 448.06 CH50 for the treated group. On the 60th day of the trail, the APCA levels of the control group decreased to 417.83 CH50, while the challenged fish exhibited dramatical increase - 801.28 CH50. Obtained results regarding the classical pathway of complement activation (CPCA) were almost identical. The initial value for both groups was about 215.70 CH50. On the 30th day control group showed slightly higher levels compared to the challenged fish - 201.45 CH50 and 199.34 CH50, respectively. On the 60th day experimental carp fish exhibited significantly higher level of complement activity than control group – 229.55 CH50 and 167.91 CH50, respectively. The obtained data for both pathways of complement activation, unambiguously show the immunostimulative effect of VitaSil to carp fish, grown by extensive technology.

ACS Style

Tsvetoslav Koynarski; Alexander Atanasov; Lilyan Sotirov. Influence of VitaSil® additive to carp fish natural immune factors. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 2014, 71, 357-361 .

AMA Style

Tsvetoslav Koynarski, Alexander Atanasov, Lilyan Sotirov. Influence of VitaSil® additive to carp fish natural immune factors. Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine. 2014; 71 (2):357-361.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Tsvetoslav Koynarski; Alexander Atanasov; Lilyan Sotirov. 2014. "Influence of VitaSil® additive to carp fish natural immune factors." Bulletin of University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca. Veterinary Medicine 71, no. 2: 357-361.

Journal article
Published: 01 January 2013 in TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES
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ACS Style

Svetlana Georgieva; Lilyan Sotirov; Borislav Popov; Tsvetoslav Koynarski. Impact of the Haberlea rhodopensis extract on the innate immune system and response in rabbits following KLH-hemocyanin immunization and cyclophosphamide treatment. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 2013, 37, 659 -663.

AMA Style

Svetlana Georgieva, Lilyan Sotirov, Borislav Popov, Tsvetoslav Koynarski. Impact of the Haberlea rhodopensis extract on the innate immune system and response in rabbits following KLH-hemocyanin immunization and cyclophosphamide treatment. TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES. 2013; 37 ():659-663.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Svetlana Georgieva; Lilyan Sotirov; Borislav Popov; Tsvetoslav Koynarski. 2013. "Impact of the Haberlea rhodopensis extract on the innate immune system and response in rabbits following KLH-hemocyanin immunization and cyclophosphamide treatment." TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 37, no. : 659-663.