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Dr. Bashir Salah
King saud university

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Research Keywords & Expertise

0 Industry 4.0
0 Assembly line balancing
0 Remanufacturing
0 mass customization
0 Reconfigurable manufacturing systems

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Journal article
Published: 30 August 2021 in Processes
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Shipment consolidation is one of main initiatives to reduce CO2 emissions and transportation cost. It reduces the number of shipments per customer and reduces transportation costs by using larger shipments. This paper investigates the temporal consolidation process in a central consolidation center in a make-to-order supply chain. This research was motivated by a case study of a design furniture company that has many suppliers and customers in large parts of Europe. Simulation was used to check the effect of a new and a special time-based temporal consolidation on the response time in outbound logistics. A soft delivery deadline that is less than the average lead time was used because of the long lead time. Arena Software was used to model the supply chain in order to find the best circumstances to use consolidation. Results showed that temporal consolidation could be more effective when order preparation time is with larger variability. The useful waiting is more when there is at least one order every four days. A formula that approximates the percent of reduced shipments was found. Furthermore, many shipments can be reduced without severely affecting the average response time. The value of the study is that it investigates consolidation problems in a high-mix low-volume environment that was overlooked by previous research.

ACS Style

Mohammed Alnahhal; Diane Ahrens; Bashir Salah. Modeling Freight Consolidation in a Make-To-Order Supply Chain: A Simulation Approach. Processes 2021, 9, 1554 .

AMA Style

Mohammed Alnahhal, Diane Ahrens, Bashir Salah. Modeling Freight Consolidation in a Make-To-Order Supply Chain: A Simulation Approach. Processes. 2021; 9 (9):1554.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed Alnahhal; Diane Ahrens; Bashir Salah. 2021. "Modeling Freight Consolidation in a Make-To-Order Supply Chain: A Simulation Approach." Processes 9, no. 9: 1554.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2021 in Materials
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Reinforced concrete is used worldwide in the construction industry. In past eras, extensive research has been conducted and has clearly shown the performance of stress–strain behaviour and ductility design for high-, standard-, and normal-strength concrete (NSC) in axial compression. Limited research has been conducted on the experimental and analytical investigation of low-strength concrete (LSC) confinement behaviour under axial compression and relative ductility. Meanwhile, analytical equations are not investigated experimentally for the confinement behaviour of LSC by transverse reinforcement. The current study experimentally investigates the concrete confinement behaviour under axial compression and relative ductility of NSC and LSC using volumetric transverse reinforcement (VTR), and comparison with several analytical models such as Mander, Kent, and Park, and Saatcioglu. In this study, a total of 44 reinforced-column specimens at a length of 18 in with a cross-section of 7 in × 7 in were used for uniaxial monotonic loading of NSC and LSC. Three columns of each set were confined with 2 in, 4 in, 6 in, and 8 in c/c lateral ties spacing. The experimental results show that the central concrete stresses are significantly affected by decreasing the spacing between the transverse steel. In the case of the LSC, the core stresses are double the central stress of NSC. However, increasing the VTR, the capacity and the ductility of NSC and LSC increases. Reducing the spacing between the ties from 8 in to 2 in center to center can affect the concrete column’s strength by 60% in LSC, but 25% in the NSC. The VTR and the spacing between the ties greatly affected the LSC compared to NSC. It was found that the relative ductility of the confined column samples was almost twice that of the unrestrained column samples. Regarding different models, the Manders model best represents the performance before the ultimate strength, whereas Kent and Park represents post-peak behaviour.

ACS Style

Mujahid Ali; Sheraz Abbas; Bashir Salah; Javed Akhter; Waqas Saleem; Sani Haruna; Shah Room; Isyaka Abdulkadir. Investigating Optimal Confinement Behaviour of Low-Strength Concrete through Quantitative and Analytical Approaches. Materials 2021, 14, 4675 .

AMA Style

Mujahid Ali, Sheraz Abbas, Bashir Salah, Javed Akhter, Waqas Saleem, Sani Haruna, Shah Room, Isyaka Abdulkadir. Investigating Optimal Confinement Behaviour of Low-Strength Concrete through Quantitative and Analytical Approaches. Materials. 2021; 14 (16):4675.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mujahid Ali; Sheraz Abbas; Bashir Salah; Javed Akhter; Waqas Saleem; Sani Haruna; Shah Room; Isyaka Abdulkadir. 2021. "Investigating Optimal Confinement Behaviour of Low-Strength Concrete through Quantitative and Analytical Approaches." Materials 14, no. 16: 4675.

Journal article
Published: 08 January 2021 in Sustainability
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Sustainable development is now the focus of researchers and organizations worldwide. Several concepts, such as reverse logistics (RLs) and closed-loop supply chains, have been introduced to encourage sustainability in supply chains. RLs refers to the set of activities needed by consumers to collect the product used for reuse, repair, remanufacturing, recycling, or disposal of the used product. There are various processes involved in RL, and one of them is collection systems. Collection refers to a company obtaining custody of specific items. We review the literature on RLs collection systems. A bibliometric analysis was conducted to provide better insight into the field and establish any trends. Firstly, we present the classification methods used in the field, based on available review papers. Secondly, we evaluate literature from several fields that are related to either the problem setting or the technical features. Different perspectives are presented and classified. This method facilitates the identification of manuscripts related to the reader’s specific interests. Throughout the literature review, trends in measuring the performance of collection systems are identified, and directions for future research are identified and presented.

ACS Style

Mohammed Alkahtani; Aiman Ziout; Bashir Salah; Moath Alatefi; Abd Elatty E. Abd Elgawad; Ahmed Badwelan; Umar Syarif. An Insight into Reverse Logistics with a Focus on Collection Systems. Sustainability 2021, 13, 548 .

AMA Style

Mohammed Alkahtani, Aiman Ziout, Bashir Salah, Moath Alatefi, Abd Elatty E. Abd Elgawad, Ahmed Badwelan, Umar Syarif. An Insight into Reverse Logistics with a Focus on Collection Systems. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):548.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mohammed Alkahtani; Aiman Ziout; Bashir Salah; Moath Alatefi; Abd Elatty E. Abd Elgawad; Ahmed Badwelan; Umar Syarif. 2021. "An Insight into Reverse Logistics with a Focus on Collection Systems." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 548.

Journal article
Published: 07 January 2021 in Sustainability
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This research focuses on the mediating role of construction materials, sustainable use between the construction supply chain integration and the construction industry performance. In this concern, the case of Pakistan was considered specifically. The research design employed in this study was quantitative and a close-ended survey questionnaire was used as a research instrument. The sample size used is comprised of 300 participants and analysis was performed through the Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). The results revealed that the effect of the components of supply chain integration on the construction industry performance was statistically significant. Moreover, outcomes also substantiate the mediation role of using construction material sustainably. The scope of the research was limited to the construction industry of Pakistan; however, future research would focus on other countries and industries.

ACS Style

Asad Kamal; Rai Azfar; Bashir Salah; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu. Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Sustainability 2021, 13, 522 .

AMA Style

Asad Kamal, Rai Azfar, Bashir Salah, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Abas, Razaullah Khan, Catalin Pruncu. Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). Sustainability. 2021; 13 (2):522.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Asad Kamal; Rai Azfar; Bashir Salah; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu. 2021. "Quantitative Analysis of Sustainable Use of Construction Materials for Supply Chain Integration and Construction Industry Performance through Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)." Sustainability 13, no. 2: 522.

Journal article
Published: 15 December 2020 in Energies
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Cold-chain products are time-sensitive and perishable and pose the risk of failure if they are transported to a distant location. Thus, there is a need to analyze their quality during distribution so that the customers may receive optimal-quality products. To address this issue, this study integrates inspection strategies with the sustainable distribution system of multi-quality multiple-cold-chain products. A bi-objective model of cost and emission is proposed under the constraints of heterogeneous vehicle and time window. Furthermore, this study intends to address the following questions: which inspection strategy helps to ensure the potency of delivered products, and what is the impact of quality differentiation on the value of objective functions? A set of meta-heuristics is used for implementing the model using a rich panel of experiments. The results reveal that the quality conditions of different products impact the solutions of cost and emissions. Moreover, the conformity strategy is more viable, as it results in less cost and ensures that the quantity of delivered products meets the level of demand. Finally, the study provides implications for managers and practitioners to develop a sustainable distribution system to maintain the quality of cold-chain products.

ACS Style

Abdul Salam Khan; Bashir Salah; Dominik Zimon; Muhammad Ikram; Razaullah Khan; Catalin I. Pruncu. A Sustainable Distribution Design for Multi-Quality Multiple-Cold-Chain Products: An Integrated Inspection Strategies Approach. Energies 2020, 13, 6612 .

AMA Style

Abdul Salam Khan, Bashir Salah, Dominik Zimon, Muhammad Ikram, Razaullah Khan, Catalin I. Pruncu. A Sustainable Distribution Design for Multi-Quality Multiple-Cold-Chain Products: An Integrated Inspection Strategies Approach. Energies. 2020; 13 (24):6612.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Abdul Salam Khan; Bashir Salah; Dominik Zimon; Muhammad Ikram; Razaullah Khan; Catalin I. Pruncu. 2020. "A Sustainable Distribution Design for Multi-Quality Multiple-Cold-Chain Products: An Integrated Inspection Strategies Approach." Energies 13, no. 24: 6612.

Journal article
Published: 11 December 2020 in Polymers
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Three-dimensional printed plastic products developed through fused deposition modeling (FDM) endure long-term loading in most of the applications. The tensile creep behavior of such products is one of the imperative benchmarks to ensure dimensional stability under cyclic and dynamic loads. This research dealt with the optimization of the tensile creep behavior of 3D printed parts produced through fused deposition modeling (FDM) using polylactic acid (PLA) material. The geometry of creep test specimens follows the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM D2990) standards. Three-dimensional printing is performed on an open-source MakerBot desktop 3D printer. The Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is employed to predict the creep rate and rupture time by undertaking the layer height, infill percentage, and infill pattern type (linear, hexagonal, and diamond) as input process parameters. A total of 39 experimental runs were planned by means of a categorical central composite design. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) results revealed that the most influencing factors for creep rate were layer height, infill percentage, and infill patterns, whereas, for rupture time, infill pattern was found significant. The optimized levels obtained for both responses for hexagonal pattern were 0.1 mm layer height and 100% infill percentage. Some verification tests were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the adopted RSM technique. The implemented research is believed to be a comprehensive guide for the additive manufacturing users to determine the optimum process parameters of FDM which influence the product creep rate and rupture time.

ACS Style

Muhammad Waseem; Bashir Salah; Tufail Habib; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Usman Ghani; Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology. Polymers 2020, 12, 2962 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Waseem, Bashir Salah, Tufail Habib, Waqas Saleem, Muhammad Abas, Razaullah Khan, Usman Ghani, Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology. Polymers. 2020; 12 (12):2962.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Waseem; Bashir Salah; Tufail Habib; Waqas Saleem; Muhammad Abas; Razaullah Khan; Usman Ghani; Muftooh Ur Rehman Siddiqi. 2020. "Multi-Response Optimization of Tensile Creep Behavior of PLA 3D Printed Parts Using Categorical Response Surface Methodology." Polymers 12, no. 12: 2962.

Journal article
Published: 19 November 2020 in Materials
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The influence of cutting forces during the machining of titanium alloys has attained prime attention in selecting the optimal cutting conditions to improve the surface integrity of medical implants and biomedical devices. So far, it has not been easy to explain the chip morphology of Ti6Al4V and the thermo-mechanical interactions involved during the cutting process. This paper investigates the chip configuration of the Ti6Al4V alloy under dry milling conditions at a macro and micro scale by employing the Johnson-Cook material damage model. 2D modeling, numerical milling simulations, and post-processing were conducted using the Abaqus/Explicit commercial software. The uncut chip geometry was modeled with variable thicknesses to accomplish the macro to micro-scale cutting by adapting a trochoidal path. Numerical results, predicted for the cutting reaction forces and shearing zone temperatures, were found in close approximation to experimental ones with minor deviations. Further analyses evaluated the influence of cutting speeds and contact friction coefficients over the chip flow stress, equivalent plastic strain, and chip morphology. The methodology developed can be implemented in resolving the industrial problems in the biomedical sector for predicting the chip morphology of the Ti6Al4V alloy, fracture mechanisms of hard-to-cut materials, and the effects of different cutting parameters on workpiece integrity.

ACS Style

Waqas Saleem; Bashir Salah; Xavier Velay; Rafiq Ahmad; Razaullah Khan; Catalin I. Pruncu. Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Ti6Al4V Alloy Chip for Biomedical Applications. Materials 2020, 13, 5236 .

AMA Style

Waqas Saleem, Bashir Salah, Xavier Velay, Rafiq Ahmad, Razaullah Khan, Catalin I. Pruncu. Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Ti6Al4V Alloy Chip for Biomedical Applications. Materials. 2020; 13 (22):5236.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Waqas Saleem; Bashir Salah; Xavier Velay; Rafiq Ahmad; Razaullah Khan; Catalin I. Pruncu. 2020. "Numerical Modeling and Analysis of Ti6Al4V Alloy Chip for Biomedical Applications." Materials 13, no. 22: 5236.

Journal article
Published: 28 October 2020 in Sustainability
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Determining replenishment lot size and number of shipments in a traditional production setup has been of great interest among researchers during the last decades. In order to survive modern competition, the manufacturer has to make good decisions about the lot size that is to be shipped to the retailer. Recently, several researchers have developed mathematical models for modelling different real-world situations; however, these models are lacking due to a combination of imperfection in process and shipment lot sizing. Therefore, in the proposed research, shipment policy for an imperfect production setup has been developed with transportation costs taken into consideration. The model analyzed lot sizing for manufacturers and retailers with imperfections in terms of equally sized shipments. Furthermore, an all-unit-discount policy for shipment is considered in the proposed research, and at the end, numerical computation and sensitivity analyses are carried out to gain more insight into the specifications of the model.

ACS Style

Mubashir Hayat; Bashir Salah; Misbah Ullah; Iftikhar Hussain; Razaullah Khan. Shipment Policy for an Economic Production Quantity Model Considering Imperfection and Transportation Cost. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8964 .

AMA Style

Mubashir Hayat, Bashir Salah, Misbah Ullah, Iftikhar Hussain, Razaullah Khan. Shipment Policy for an Economic Production Quantity Model Considering Imperfection and Transportation Cost. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (21):8964.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Mubashir Hayat; Bashir Salah; Misbah Ullah; Iftikhar Hussain; Razaullah Khan. 2020. "Shipment Policy for an Economic Production Quantity Model Considering Imperfection and Transportation Cost." Sustainability 12, no. 21: 8964.

Original article
Published: 21 October 2020 in The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology
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The emerging demands of industry for developing the novel materials with superior mechanical properties have successfully resulted in the development of distinct materials such as Al-matrix composites. Among these composites, newly developed Al6061-7.5% SiC holds promising mechanical characteristics. But, the SiC reinforcement in the Al-matrix makes the machining of this composite challenging, thus posing a serious concern regarding its effective utilization. In this research, high-speed wire electric discharge machining (WEDM) was employed for the precise machining of a squeeze casted Al6061-7.5% SiC composite. The cutting performance of the WEDM was assessed in terms of roughness (SR), cutting rate (Cs) and kerf width (KW). Experimentation was performed according to the response surface methodology. The experimental findings were thoroughly investigated using statistical, optical and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) analyses. It has been revealed that the voltage is most influential/contributing parameter (having a percentage contribution of 25%) for controlling the SR during WEDM of Al6061-7.5% SiC composite, whereas for the CS and KW, pulse and current are the major contributing control variables with percentage contributions of 90% and 84%, respectively. At low magnitude of both current and voltages, the surface quality is improved up to 33.3%. The SEM and optical microscopic evidences reveal shallow craters, small size melt re-deposits and micro globules on the machined surface at lower settings of both the said variables. Contrarily, for achieving higher cutting speed, high values of current and voltage along with low pulse are deemed essential. In case of KW, low magnitude of current and voltage along with smaller pulse yields 20% reduction in the kerf width. The analyses revealed the conflicting nature of the studied output responses (SR, Cs and KW). Therefore, multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) was used to find a parametric combination. The best combination of WEDM input parameters found is current = 3 A, voltage = 84.999 V and pulse = 10 mu. This combination gives a minimum SR of 5.775 μm with a KW of 0.3111 mm at a CS of 5.885 mm/min. The suitability of the MOGA-proposed parametric combination was witnessed through confirmation trials. Furthermore, the parametric effects have also been mathematically quantified with respect to the defined machinability parameters.

ACS Style

Kashif Ishfaq; Saqib Anwar; Muhammad Asad Ali; Muhammad Huzaifa Raza; Muhammad Umar Farooq; Shafiq Ahmad; Catalin I. Pruncu; Mustafa Saleh; Bashir Salah. Optimization of WEDM for precise machining of novel developed Al6061-7.5% SiC squeeze-casted composite. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 2020, 111, 2031 -2049.

AMA Style

Kashif Ishfaq, Saqib Anwar, Muhammad Asad Ali, Muhammad Huzaifa Raza, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Shafiq Ahmad, Catalin I. Pruncu, Mustafa Saleh, Bashir Salah. Optimization of WEDM for precise machining of novel developed Al6061-7.5% SiC squeeze-casted composite. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2020; 111 (7):2031-2049.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kashif Ishfaq; Saqib Anwar; Muhammad Asad Ali; Muhammad Huzaifa Raza; Muhammad Umar Farooq; Shafiq Ahmad; Catalin I. Pruncu; Mustafa Saleh; Bashir Salah. 2020. "Optimization of WEDM for precise machining of novel developed Al6061-7.5% SiC squeeze-casted composite." The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 111, no. 7: 2031-2049.

Journal article
Published: 03 October 2020 in Sustainability
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A facility for controlled environment agriculture from an energy consumption point of view was investigated at the C. G. Bhakta Institute of Biotechnology, Uka Tarsadia University (21.1667° N, 72.8333° E), Bardoli, Surat, Gujarat, India. It is a tropical wet and dry region of the state of Gujarat. The study was carried out for an even span type 2.45 m × 3.65 m greenhouse with an elevation of 34 m above the sea level under the environmental conditions. A thermal model is proposed to identify the suitable climate condition for the cultivation of different varieties of Banana (Musa) and Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum). Banana and Sugarcanes are the main crops in the Surat district, wherein around 12,400 hector and 94,500 hector cultivation are done, respectively. The experimental study was carried out during the period of December 2017 (winter) to February 2018 (winter and summer). The proposed thermal model is helpful to indicate the hourly energy balance and average temperature distribution inside the greenhouse. The greenhouse was studied for east–west orientation. The steady state analysis was utilized to find extra thermal energy other than solar radiation needed to keep the plant temperature desirable. Experimental validation of the model was carried out in even span greenhouse. At last, some important conclusions are drawn and suggestions made for further studies based on the main characteristics and results of the study. A higher air change rate seems desirable to bring down the temperature further. It was observed that the extra heating is required during the period of December to February, whereas from March onwards a storage unit is required to absorb the energy available and utilize it whenever necessary in the given climatic condition and crop.

ACS Style

GauravKumar Gadhesaria; Chinmay Desai; Ravi Bhatt; Bashir Salah. Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation of Environmental Condition Inside Greenhouse in Tropical Wet and Dry Climate. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8171 .

AMA Style

GauravKumar Gadhesaria, Chinmay Desai, Ravi Bhatt, Bashir Salah. Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation of Environmental Condition Inside Greenhouse in Tropical Wet and Dry Climate. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8171.

Chicago/Turabian Style

GauravKumar Gadhesaria; Chinmay Desai; Ravi Bhatt; Bashir Salah. 2020. "Thermal Analysis and Experimental Validation of Environmental Condition Inside Greenhouse in Tropical Wet and Dry Climate." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8171.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Materials
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Precise, economical and sustainable cutting operations are highly desirable in the advanced manufacturing environment. For this aim, the present study investigated the influence of cutting parameters (i.e., the cutting speed (c), feed rate (f), depth of cut (d) and positive rake angle (p)) and sustainable cutting conditions (dry and minimum quantity lubricant (MQL)) on cutting forces (i.e., feed force (Ff), tangential forces (Ft), radial force (Fr) and resultant cutting forces (Fc) and shape deviations (i.e., circularity and cylindricity) of a 6026-T9 aluminum alloy. The type of lubricant and insert used are virgin olive oil and uncoated tungsten carbide tool. Turning experiments were performed on a TAKISAWA TC-1 CNC lathe machine and cutting forces were measured with the help of a Kistler 9257B dynamometer. Shape deviations were evaluated by means of a Tesa Micro-Hite 3D DCC 474 coordinate measuring machine (CMM). Experimental runs were planned based on Taguchi mixture orthogonal array design L16. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed to study the statistical significance of cutting parameters. Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios are applied for optimization of single response, while for optimization of multiple responses Taguchi based signal to noise (S/N) ratios coupled with multi-objective optimization on the basis of ratio analysis (MOORA) and criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation (CRITIC) are employed. ANOVA results revealed that feed rate, followed by a depth of cut, are the most influencing and contributing factors for all components of cutting forces (Ff, Ft, Fr, and Fc) and shape deviations (circularity and cylindricity). The optimized cutting parameters obtained for multi responses are c = 600 m/min, f = 0.1 mm/rev, d = 1 mm and p = 25°, while for cutting conditions, MQL is optimal.

ACS Style

Muhammad Abas; Bashir Salah; Qazi Salman Khalid; Iftikhar Hussain; Abdur Rehman Babar; Rashid Nawaz; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem. Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9. Materials 2020, 13, 4327 .

AMA Style

Muhammad Abas, Bashir Salah, Qazi Salman Khalid, Iftikhar Hussain, Abdur Rehman Babar, Rashid Nawaz, Razaullah Khan, Waqas Saleem. Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9. Materials. 2020; 13 (19):4327.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muhammad Abas; Bashir Salah; Qazi Salman Khalid; Iftikhar Hussain; Abdur Rehman Babar; Rashid Nawaz; Razaullah Khan; Waqas Saleem. 2020. "Experimental Investigation and Statistical Evaluation of Optimized Cutting Process Parameters and Cutting Conditions to Minimize Cutting Forces and Shape Deviations in Al6026-T9." Materials 13, no. 19: 4327.

Journal article
Published: 29 September 2020 in Sustainability
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This study proposes a methodology for the oil and gas businesses to keep their production plant productive with a minimum investment in carrying maintenance, repair, and operating inventory planning. The goal is to assist the exploration and production companies in minimizing the investment in keeping maintenance, repair, and operating (MRO) inventory for improving production plant uptime. The MRO inventory is the most expensive asset and it requires substantial investment. It helps in keeping the oil and gas production plant productive by performing planned and unplanned maintenance activities. A (Q, r) model with a stock-out and backorder cost approach is combined with a continuous inventory review policy for the analysis of class A items of oil and gas production plant MRO inventory. The class A items are identified through popular ABC analysis based on annual dollar volume. The demand for the inventory is modeled through Poisson distribution with consideration of constant lead time. The (Q, r) model in both stock-out cost and backorder cost approaches assigned higher order frequency and lower service level to low annual demand and highly expensive items. The stock-out cost approach shows an 8.88% increase in the average service level and a 56.9% decrease in the company average inventory investment. The backorder cost approach results in a 7.77% increase in average service level and a 57% decrease in average inventory investment in contrast to the company’s existing inventory management system. The results have a direct impact on increasing plant uptime and productivity and reducing company maintenance cost through properly managing maintenance stock. The analysis is carried out on the oil and gas production plant’s MRO inventory data, but it can be applied to other companies’ inventory data as well. All the results reflected in this research are based on the inventory ordering policy of two orders per year. The inventory ordering frequency per year may be other than two orders per year depending on the type of organization.

ACS Style

Usman Ali; Bashir Salah; Khawar Naeem; Abdul Khan; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu; Muhammad Abas; Saadat Khan. Improved MRO Inventory Management System in Oil and Gas Company: Increased Service Level and Reduced Average Inventory Investment. Sustainability 2020, 12, 8027 .

AMA Style

Usman Ali, Bashir Salah, Khawar Naeem, Abdul Khan, Razaullah Khan, Catalin Pruncu, Muhammad Abas, Saadat Khan. Improved MRO Inventory Management System in Oil and Gas Company: Increased Service Level and Reduced Average Inventory Investment. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (19):8027.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Usman Ali; Bashir Salah; Khawar Naeem; Abdul Khan; Razaullah Khan; Catalin Pruncu; Muhammad Abas; Saadat Khan. 2020. "Improved MRO Inventory Management System in Oil and Gas Company: Increased Service Level and Reduced Average Inventory Investment." Sustainability 12, no. 19: 8027.

Journal article
Published: 28 September 2020 in Applied Sciences
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Big data analytics (BDA) is one of the main pillars of Industry 4.0. It has become a promising tool for supporting the competitive advantages of firms by enhancing data-driven performance. Meanwhile, the scarcity of resources on a worldwide level has forced firms to consider sustainable-based performance as a critical issue. Additionally, the literature confirms that BDA and innovation can enhance firms’ performance, leading to competitive advantage. However, there is a lack of studies that examine whether or not BDA and innovation alone can sustain a firm’s competitive advantage. Drawing on previous studies and dynamic capability theory, this study proposes that big data analytics capabilities (BDAC), supported by a high level of data availability (DA), can improve innovation capabilities (IC) and, hence, lead to the development of a sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). This study examines the proposed hypotheses by surveying 117 manufacturing firms and analyzing responses via partial least squares–structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) statistical software. Findings reveal that BDAC relies significantly on the degree of DA and has a significant role in increasing IC. Furthermore, the analysis confirms that IC has a significant and direct effect on a firm’s SCA, while BDAC has no direct effect on SCA. This study provides valuable insights for manufacturing firms to improve their sustainable business performance and theoretical and practical insights into BDA implementation issues in attaining sustainability in processes.

ACS Style

Muawia Ramadan; Hana Shuqqo; Layalee Qtaishat; HebaA Asmar; Bashir Salah. Sustainable Competitive Advantage Driven by Big Data Analytics and Innovation. Applied Sciences 2020, 10, 6784 .

AMA Style

Muawia Ramadan, Hana Shuqqo, Layalee Qtaishat, HebaA Asmar, Bashir Salah. Sustainable Competitive Advantage Driven by Big Data Analytics and Innovation. Applied Sciences. 2020; 10 (19):6784.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muawia Ramadan; Hana Shuqqo; Layalee Qtaishat; HebaA Asmar; Bashir Salah. 2020. "Sustainable Competitive Advantage Driven by Big Data Analytics and Innovation." Applied Sciences 10, no. 19: 6784.

Journal article
Published: 19 August 2020 in Processes
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The movement to digitally transform Saudi Arabia in all sectors has already begun under the “Vision 2030” program. Consequently, renovating and standardizing production and manufacturing industries to compete with global challenges is essential. The fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) triggered by the development of information and communications technologies (ICT) provides a baseline for smart automation, using decentralized control and smart connectivity (e.g., Internet of Things). Industrial engineering graduates need to have acquaintance with this industrial digital revolution. Several industries where the spirit of Industry 4.0 has been embraced and have already implemented these ideas yielded gains. In this paper, a roadmap containing an academic term course based on the concept of Industry 4.0, which our engineering graduates passed through, is presented. At first, an orientation program to students elaborating on the Industry 4.0 concept, its main pillars, the importance of event-driven execution, and smart product manufacturing techniques. Then, various tasks in developing a learning factory were split and assigned among student groups. Finally, the evaluation of student potential in incorporating the Industry 4.0 concept was analyzed. This methodology led to their professional skill development and promoted students’ innovative ideas for the manufacturing sector.

ACS Style

Bashir Salah; Sajjad Khan; Muawia Ramadan; Nikola Gjeldum. Integrating the Concept of Industry 4.0 by Teaching Methodology in Industrial Engineering Curriculum. Processes 2020, 8, 1007 .

AMA Style

Bashir Salah, Sajjad Khan, Muawia Ramadan, Nikola Gjeldum. Integrating the Concept of Industry 4.0 by Teaching Methodology in Industrial Engineering Curriculum. Processes. 2020; 8 (9):1007.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Salah; Sajjad Khan; Muawia Ramadan; Nikola Gjeldum. 2020. "Integrating the Concept of Industry 4.0 by Teaching Methodology in Industrial Engineering Curriculum." Processes 8, no. 9: 1007.

Journal article
Published: 29 July 2020 in Sustainability
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The emergence of Industry 4.0, also referred to as the fourth industrial revolution, has entirely transformed how the industry or business functions and evolves. It can be attributed to its broadening focus on automation, decentralization, system integration, cyber-physical systems, etc. Its implementation promises numerous benefits in terms of higher productivity, greater volatility, better control and streamlining of processes, accelerated enterprise growth, sustainable development, etc. Despite the worldwide recognition and realization of Industry 4.0, its holistic adoption is constrained by the requirements of specific skills among the workforce. The personnel are expected to acquire adaptive thinking, cognitive and computational skills, predominantly in the area of information technology, data analytics, etc. Thus, the universities that laid the foundation for future talents or trends in society have to adapt and modernize the existing programs, facilities, and infrastructure. This reshaping of higher education in consonance with the vision of Industry 4.0 possesses its opportunities and challenges. There are, of course, a multitude of factors involved and they need a reasonable assessment to strategically plan this metamorphosis. Therefore, this work aims to explore and analyze the different factors that influence the progression and enactment of Industry 4.0 in universities for sustainable education. For this purpose, a systematic approach based on a questionnaire as well as a SWOT (strengths (S), weaknesses (W), opportunities (O), and threats (T)) integrated with the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) is adopted. The questionnaires are administered to university employees and students (or stakeholders) to assess their viewpoint, as well as to estimate the priority values for individual factors to be included in SWOT. The AHP is implemented to quantify the different factors in terms of weights using a pairwise comparison matrix. Finally, the SWOT matrix is established depending on the questionnaire assessment and the AHP weights to figure out stakeholders’ perspectives, in addition to the needed strategic scheme. The SWOT implementation of this research proposes an aggressive approach for universities, where they must make full use of their strengths to take advantage of the emerging opportunities in Industry 4.0. The results also indicate that there are fundamental requirements for universities in Industry 4.0, including effective financial planning, skilled staff, increased industrial partnerships, advanced infrastructure, revised curricula, and insightful workshops. This investigation undoubtedly underlines the importance of practical expertise and the implementation of digital technologies at the university level to empower novices with the requisite skills and a competitive advantage for Industry 4.0.

ACS Style

Syed Hammad Mian; Bashir Salah; Wadea Ameen; Khaja Moiduddin; Hisham Alkhalefah. Adapting Universities for Sustainability Education in Industry 4.0: Channel of Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability 2020, 12, 6100 .

AMA Style

Syed Hammad Mian, Bashir Salah, Wadea Ameen, Khaja Moiduddin, Hisham Alkhalefah. Adapting Universities for Sustainability Education in Industry 4.0: Channel of Challenges and Opportunities. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (15):6100.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Syed Hammad Mian; Bashir Salah; Wadea Ameen; Khaja Moiduddin; Hisham Alkhalefah. 2020. "Adapting Universities for Sustainability Education in Industry 4.0: Channel of Challenges and Opportunities." Sustainability 12, no. 15: 6100.

Journal article
Published: 17 July 2020 in Processes
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In recent decades, production in high-volume/low-variety batches is replaced with low-volume/high-variety production type. This type of production demands excessive flows of both material and information. Recent advances in information and communication technologies (ICT), together with the concept of cyber-psychical system (CPS) enable the concept of Industry 4.0 (I4.0). In this paper, the performance of I4.0 related equipment implementation is presented in iterative assembly line balancing (ALB) process of a gearbox assembly line. Largest candidate rule method through spreadsheet simulation was used for tasks reallocations, with the objective to minimize the cycle time when the number of stations is fixed. Utilization of human analysts using snap back method for manual data gathering process still shown advantage over I4.0 equipment utilization in manual ALB. The assembly process is performed in the learning factory environment, and it is considered as very close to real industry process. The major conclusion is that I4.0 is excellent in process data monitoring and product tracking, but activities to be performed to effectively exploit I4.0 is demanding for task reallocations during the balancing procedure. Nevertheless, future enhancements of I4.0 system are listed to bridge this gap and to increase I4.0 system usefulness in the manual assembly line balancing process

ACS Style

Nikola Gjeldum; Bashir Salah; Amanda Aljinovic; Sajjad Khan. Utilization of Industry 4.0 Related Equipment in Assembly Line Balancing Procedure. Processes 2020, 8, 864 .

AMA Style

Nikola Gjeldum, Bashir Salah, Amanda Aljinovic, Sajjad Khan. Utilization of Industry 4.0 Related Equipment in Assembly Line Balancing Procedure. Processes. 2020; 8 (7):864.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Nikola Gjeldum; Bashir Salah; Amanda Aljinovic; Sajjad Khan. 2020. "Utilization of Industry 4.0 Related Equipment in Assembly Line Balancing Procedure." Processes 8, no. 7: 864.

Journal article
Published: 14 March 2020 in Sustainability
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Lean manufacturing is one of the most popular improvement agents in the pursuit of perfection. However, in today’s complex and dynamic manufacturing environments, lean tools are facing an inevitable death. Industry 4.0 can be integrated with lean tools to avoid their end. Therefore, the primary purpose of this paper is to introduce an Industry 4.0-based lean framework called dynamic value stream mapping (DVSM) to digitalize lean manufacturing through the integration of lean tools and Industry 4.0 technologies. DVSM with its powerful features is proposed to be the smart IT platform that can sustain lean tools and keep them alive and effective. This paper specifically tackles the scheduling and dispatching in today’s lean manufacturing environments, where the aim of this research is developing a smart lean-based production scheduling and dispatching model to achieve the lean target through optimizing the flow along the VSM and minimizing the manufacturing lead time. The developed model, called the real-time scheduling and dispatching module (RT-SDM), runs on DVSM. The RT-SDM is represented through a mathematical model using mixed integer programming. Part of the testing and verification process, a simplified IT-based software, has been developed and applied on a smart factory lab.

ACS Style

Muawia Ramadan; Bashir Salah; Mohammed Othman; Arsath Abbasali Ayubali. Industry 4.0-Based Real-Time Scheduling and Dispatching in Lean Manufacturing Systems. Sustainability 2020, 12, 2272 .

AMA Style

Muawia Ramadan, Bashir Salah, Mohammed Othman, Arsath Abbasali Ayubali. Industry 4.0-Based Real-Time Scheduling and Dispatching in Lean Manufacturing Systems. Sustainability. 2020; 12 (6):2272.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Muawia Ramadan; Bashir Salah; Mohammed Othman; Arsath Abbasali Ayubali. 2020. "Industry 4.0-Based Real-Time Scheduling and Dispatching in Lean Manufacturing Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 6: 2272.

Research article
Published: 09 December 2019 in SIMULATION
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Automated parking systems play an important role in improving the utilization of parking facilities, particularly in busy public areas that receive many visitors, such as airports, government buildings, and shopping malls. The current parking facilities of airports in Saudi Arabia use barrier gates and ticket-issuing machines. Such parking facilities increase the waiting time at every circulation point, especially at the entry and exit terminals, and when a large number of vehicles are waiting in the queue. In this study, we address this problem by applying an automated technology at the entry/exit terminals of the current parking facilities. In particular, we introduce a parking system that uses radio-frequency identification (RFID) technology for the entry and exit terminals. The basic components of the current entry/exit system and the proposed one (i.e., using RFID technology) are described in detail. Subsequently, a simulation model for the entry/exit system using Arena 14.7 is developed to evaluate the current and proposed entry/exit systems. The evaluation is based on two performance metrics: average waiting time and average number of waiting vehicles. The developed simulation model is validated using actual data through a systematic procedure. The outcome of this study shows that the proposed RFID-based entry/exit system significantly outperforms the current system. Similarly, the validated results confirm the robustness of the simulation model. Thus, it can be concluded that an RFID-based parking system will provide an effective solution for parking facilities.

ACS Style

Bashir Salah. Design, simulation, and performance-evaluation-based validation of a novel RFID-based automatic parking system. SIMULATION 2019, 96, 487 -497.

AMA Style

Bashir Salah. Design, simulation, and performance-evaluation-based validation of a novel RFID-based automatic parking system. SIMULATION. 2019; 96 (5):487-497.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Salah. 2019. "Design, simulation, and performance-evaluation-based validation of a novel RFID-based automatic parking system." SIMULATION 96, no. 5: 487-497.

Articles
Published: 01 October 2019 in International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing
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Production-line sensors are essential for synchronisation and execution of the correct workflow in a manufacturing process. Usually, sensor faults lead to serious delays, or even the complete termination of the manufacturing process, to carry out maintenance. Thus, sensor faults compromise the reliability of the manufacturing system and disturb the production schedule. This study proposes a multiple-sensor fault detection and isolation scheme for manufacturing series production lines. The proposed scheme adopts a global-redundancy method, using a digital camera and an ad-hoc video processing algorithm to detect and isolate faulty sensors. The main objective of this research is to preserve continuity of the production workflow and solve the problem of production delays and interruptions. Moreover, the scheme provides the possibility of online and post-process system maintenance. Further, the collected information on sensor false alarm rates can be used for a reliability analysis of the production line. The proposed scheme was tested using a laboratory production line model. The results show that the proposed scheme achieves the established objectives and improves the reliability of the manufacturing process.

ACS Style

Ali Abdo; Jamal Siam; Bashir Salah; Mohammed Krid. Multiple-sensor fault detection and isolation using video processing in production lines. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 2019, 33, 531 -549.

AMA Style

Ali Abdo, Jamal Siam, Bashir Salah, Mohammed Krid. Multiple-sensor fault detection and isolation using video processing in production lines. International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing. 2019; 33 (6):531-549.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Ali Abdo; Jamal Siam; Bashir Salah; Mohammed Krid. 2019. "Multiple-sensor fault detection and isolation using video processing in production lines." International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing 33, no. 6: 531-549.

Journal article
Published: 11 March 2019 in Sustainability
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Many advanced product manufacturing approaches have been introduced in the market in recent years. Thus, it is critical to develop modern techniques which can effectively familiarize budding minds with the latest manufacturing procedures. In fact, the contemporary training methods and advanced education practices are crucial to uphold the interest of the new generation as well as to equip them with state-of the art systems. There is a need for innovative ideas and effective methodologies to inculcate the desired competency and prepare students for prospective manufacturing set ups. In the latest Industry 4.0 paradigm, visualization technologies, especially virtual reality, have been emphasized to sustainably train and educate young students. This work presents a technique for utilizing the leading visualization method based on virtual reality in product manufacturing. It aims to acquaint students with the prominent concept of Industry 4.0, the reconfigurable manufacturing system (RMS). The RMS has been a demanding topic for the novice and, most often, amateurs are not able to grasp and interpret it. Therefore, this paper outlines the various steps that can be useful for students in order to anticipate the RMS design, interact with it, understand its operation, and evaluate its performance.

ACS Style

Bashir Salah; Mustufa Haider Abidi; Syed Hammad Mian; Mohammed Krid; Hisham Alkhalefah; Ali Abdo. Virtual Reality-Based Engineering Education to Enhance Manufacturing Sustainability in Industry 4.0. Sustainability 2019, 11, 1477 .

AMA Style

Bashir Salah, Mustufa Haider Abidi, Syed Hammad Mian, Mohammed Krid, Hisham Alkhalefah, Ali Abdo. Virtual Reality-Based Engineering Education to Enhance Manufacturing Sustainability in Industry 4.0. Sustainability. 2019; 11 (5):1477.

Chicago/Turabian Style

Bashir Salah; Mustufa Haider Abidi; Syed Hammad Mian; Mohammed Krid; Hisham Alkhalefah; Ali Abdo. 2019. "Virtual Reality-Based Engineering Education to Enhance Manufacturing Sustainability in Industry 4.0." Sustainability 11, no. 5: 1477.