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Six supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) were identified to be incorporated in concrete exposed to high-temperature cycling conditions within the thermal energy storage literature. The selected SCMs are bauxite, chamotte, ground granulated blast furnace slag, iron silicate, silica fume, and steel slag. A microstructural characterization was carried out through an optical microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, and FT-IR. Also, a pozzolanic test was performed to study the reaction of SCMs silico-aluminous components. The formation of calcium silica hydrate was observed in all SCMs pozzolanic test. Steel slag, iron silicate, and ground granulated blast furnace slag required further milling to enhance cement reaction. Moreover, the tensile strength of three fibers (polypropylene, steel, and glass fibers) was tested after exposure to an alkalinity environment at ambient temperature during one and three months. Results show an alkaline environment entails a tensile strength decrease in polypropylene and steel fibers, leading to corrosion in the later ones.
Laura Boquera; David Pons; Ana Inés Fernández; Luisa F. Cabeza. Characterization of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Fibers to Be Implemented in High Temperature Concretes for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Application. Energies 2021, 14, 5190 .
AMA StyleLaura Boquera, David Pons, Ana Inés Fernández, Luisa F. Cabeza. Characterization of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Fibers to Be Implemented in High Temperature Concretes for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Application. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):5190.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Boquera; David Pons; Ana Inés Fernández; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Characterization of Supplementary Cementitious Materials and Fibers to Be Implemented in High Temperature Concretes for Thermal Energy Storage (TES) Application." Energies 14, no. 16: 5190.
Concrete is identified in the literature as a suitable material for thermal energy storage applications, with even innovative application potentials such as storage media in concentrating solar power plants. To ensure a suitable heat transfer among concrete components, the binder material of concrete (cement paste) require further research and understanding to this aim. In particular, the thermal stability of cement paste under temperature cycled conditions arises as a research gap. In this study, ordinary Portland and calcium aluminate cement types were selected using a low water-cement ratio. Thermo-mechanical properties were studied before and after 1, 10, and 25 or 50 thermal cycles at 200 °C, 400 °C, 600 °C, and 800 °C. Although ordinary Portland cement paste showed micro-cracking propagation after 25 thermal cycles from ambient temperature to 200 °C and 400 °C, both cement pastes preserved their integrity, being compressive strength higher in ordinary Portland cement. On the contrary, after 25 or 50 thermal cycles at 600 °C and 800 °C, only calcium aluminate cement preserved its integrity, while ordinary Portland cement revealed a fragmentation status. Despite the compressive strength decrease in calcium aluminate paste at 600 °C and 800 °C, as a result of porosity increase, the properties were maintained after 10 thermal cycles. However, thermal conductivity in calcium aluminate paste was reduced nearly 50% after the first cycle at temperatures higher than 200 °C.
Laura Boquera; J. Ramon Castro; Anna Laura Pisello; Claudia Fabiani; Antonella D'Alessandro; Filippo Ubertini; Luisa F. Cabeza. Thermal and mechanical performance of cement paste under high temperature thermal cycles. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 2021, 231, 111333 .
AMA StyleLaura Boquera, J. Ramon Castro, Anna Laura Pisello, Claudia Fabiani, Antonella D'Alessandro, Filippo Ubertini, Luisa F. Cabeza. Thermal and mechanical performance of cement paste under high temperature thermal cycles. Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells. 2021; 231 ():111333.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLaura Boquera; J. Ramon Castro; Anna Laura Pisello; Claudia Fabiani; Antonella D'Alessandro; Filippo Ubertini; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Thermal and mechanical performance of cement paste under high temperature thermal cycles." Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells 231, no. : 111333.
In the last twenty years, research activity around the environmental applications of metal–organic frameworks has bloomed due to their CO2 capture ability, tunable properties, porosity, and well-defined crystalline structure. Thus, hundreds of MOFs have been developed. However, the impact of their production on the environment has not been investigated as thoroughly as their potential applications. In this work, the environmental performance of various synthetic routes of MOF nanoparticles, in particular ZIF-8, is assessed through a life cycle assessment. For this purpose, five representative synthesis routes were considered, and synthesis data were obtained based on available literature. The synthesis included different solvents (de-ionized water, methanol, dimethylformamide) as well as different synthetic steps (i.e., hours of drying, stirring, precursor). The findings revealed that the main environmental weak points identified during production were: (a) the use of dimethylformamide (DMF) and methanol (MeOH) as substances impacting environmental sustainability, which accounted for more than 85% of the overall environmental impacts in those synthetic routes where they were utilized as solvents and as cleaning agents at the same time; (b) the electricity consumption, especially due to the Greek energy mix which is fossil-fuel dependent, and accounted for up to 13% of the overall environmental impacts in some synthetic routes. Nonetheless, for the optimization of the impacts provided by the energy use, suggestions are made based on the use of alternative, cleaner renewable energy sources, which (for the case of wind energy) will decrease the impacts by up to 2%.
Vasileios Ntouros; Ioannis Kousis; Dimitra Papadaki; Anna Laura Pisello; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. Life Cycle Assessment on Different Synthetic Routes of ZIF-8 Nanomaterials. Energies 2021, 14, 4998 .
AMA StyleVasileios Ntouros, Ioannis Kousis, Dimitra Papadaki, Anna Laura Pisello, Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. Life Cycle Assessment on Different Synthetic Routes of ZIF-8 Nanomaterials. Energies. 2021; 14 (16):4998.
Chicago/Turabian StyleVasileios Ntouros; Ioannis Kousis; Dimitra Papadaki; Anna Laura Pisello; Margarita Niki Assimakopoulos. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment on Different Synthetic Routes of ZIF-8 Nanomaterials." Energies 14, no. 16: 4998.
In recent years, the urgent necessity and tremendous opportunity to accelerate the transition to a low-carbon competitive economy has resulted in growth of long-term targets for renewable energy and energy efficiency, which are coming from policy bodies worldwide. The inherent distributed nature of renewable energies, together with the modularity of those technologies, brings opportunities for consumer empowerment in terms of participation. Nevertheless, there is still the need for increasing global awareness and enabling policies, to strengthen the citizen role in the energy system, facilitating their proactive participation as renewable energy purchasers, investors, and clean energy producers. Drawing from research interviews and the academic literature, this article conceptualizes the understanding of the need for improving public attitudes and explores the factors influencing the acceptance in terms of misconceptions, best communication practices, activities addressing public concerns, and potential actions to bolster public support towards renewable energy. Research interviews were conducted at a technical workshop on social acceptance of renewable energy, held in Abu Dhabi in October 2013, and the findings show that despite detecting an increasing trend towards greater and more active participation of citizens, many misconceptions together with insufficient and inefficient awareness and communication initiatives on renewable energies persist. The main conclusions can be used as a basis for formulating sustainable energy communication and awareness campaigns in order to enhance public acceptance and increase active participation in renewable energy technologies.
Hugo Lucas; Ruth Carbajo; Tomoo Machiba; Evgeny Zhukov; Luisa Cabeza. Improving Public Attitude towards Renewable Energy. Energies 2021, 14, 4521 .
AMA StyleHugo Lucas, Ruth Carbajo, Tomoo Machiba, Evgeny Zhukov, Luisa Cabeza. Improving Public Attitude towards Renewable Energy. Energies. 2021; 14 (15):4521.
Chicago/Turabian StyleHugo Lucas; Ruth Carbajo; Tomoo Machiba; Evgeny Zhukov; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Improving Public Attitude towards Renewable Energy." Energies 14, no. 15: 4521.
Mohamed Abokersh; Manel Vall\xe8S; Luisa Cabeza; Dieter Boer. A Multicriteria Approach to Evaluate Solar Assisted District Heating in The German Market. 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleMohamed Abokersh, Manel Vall\xe8S, Luisa Cabeza, Dieter Boer. A Multicriteria Approach to Evaluate Solar Assisted District Heating in The German Market. . 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMohamed Abokersh; Manel Vall\xe8S; Luisa Cabeza; Dieter Boer. 2021. "A Multicriteria Approach to Evaluate Solar Assisted District Heating in The German Market." , no. : 1.
There is an increasing concern about fossil energy and products derived from it. The plastic industry depends on oil, and produced plastics cannot degrade naturally. An alternative to plastics from oil is the use of bioplastics, which can be degradable. The bibliometric study of the publications related to bioplastics carried out in this paper shows that research on this topic is growing both in developed (USA, European Union, and Canada) and in developing countries (China, India, Thailand, and Malaysia), mostly following the implementation of bioeconomy standards and labels by their governments. The main authors and the collaborations they have worldwide are also presented here. The research carried out in this paper is not only devoted to technological aspects but also to economic aspects and inhabitant ratios. Trends in publications, by country and authors, are analyzed. Finally, this paper also studies the countries governmental policies and how they impact the bioplastic field.
Ricard Garrido; Luisa Cabeza; Victor Falguera. An Overview of Bioplastic Research on Its Relation to National Policies. Sustainability 2021, 13, 7848 .
AMA StyleRicard Garrido, Luisa Cabeza, Victor Falguera. An Overview of Bioplastic Research on Its Relation to National Policies. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (14):7848.
Chicago/Turabian StyleRicard Garrido; Luisa Cabeza; Victor Falguera. 2021. "An Overview of Bioplastic Research on Its Relation to National Policies." Sustainability 13, no. 14: 7848.
Autism is a neurobiological developmental disorder that is detected at around 3 years old. This disorder affects their communication, socialization, and behavioral skills. Its ratio is 1 per 150 and the possibility is greater for boys (2 girls for every 6 boys). A bibliometric analysis, comparing documents in the Scopus and Web of Science databases, has been carried out. It includes some new features such as the evaluation of growth, maturity, conceptual and intellectual maps and trends of a scientific community on top of the bibliometrics traditional approach. This study shows that, although the interest in different aspects related to autism is very high (from the year 2000), there is a significant lack on the prevention or prediction crisis topic.
Manel Díaz; Mercè Teixidó; Rosa Maria Gil; Luisa F. Cabeza; Luis Miguel Aras. A Comparative Analysis of Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) Literature on the Autism Crisis. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 2021, 1 -17.
AMA StyleManel Díaz, Mercè Teixidó, Rosa Maria Gil, Luisa F. Cabeza, Luis Miguel Aras. A Comparative Analysis of Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) Literature on the Autism Crisis. Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders. 2021; ():1-17.
Chicago/Turabian StyleManel Díaz; Mercè Teixidó; Rosa Maria Gil; Luisa F. Cabeza; Luis Miguel Aras. 2021. "A Comparative Analysis of Scopus and Web of Science (WoS) Literature on the Autism Crisis." Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders , no. : 1-17.
The use of latent heat thermal energy storage is an effective way to increase the efficiency of energy systems due to its high energy density compared with sensible heat storage systems. The design of the storage material encapsulation is one of the key parameters that critically affect the heat transfer in charging/discharging of the storage system. To fill the gap found in the literature, this paper experimentally investigates the effect of the macro-encapsulation design on the performance of a lab-scale thermal energy storage tank. Two rectangular slabs with the same length and width but different thickness (35 mm and 17 mm) filled with commercial phase change material were used. The results show that using thinner slabs achieved a higher power, leading to a reduction in the charging and discharging time of 14% and 30%, respectively, compared with the thicker slabs. Moreover, the variation of the heat transfer fluid flow rate has a deeper impact on the temperature distribution and the energy charged/released when thicker slabs were used. The macro-encapsulation design did not have a significant impact on the discharging efficiency of the tank, which was around 85% for the operating thresholds considered in this study.
David Vérez; Emiliano Borri; Alicia Crespo; Boniface Mselle; Álvaro de Gracia; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Luisa Cabeza. Experimental Study on Two PCM Macro-Encapsulation Designs in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank. Applied Sciences 2021, 11, 6171 .
AMA StyleDavid Vérez, Emiliano Borri, Alicia Crespo, Boniface Mselle, Álvaro de Gracia, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Luisa Cabeza. Experimental Study on Two PCM Macro-Encapsulation Designs in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank. Applied Sciences. 2021; 11 (13):6171.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Vérez; Emiliano Borri; Alicia Crespo; Boniface Mselle; Álvaro de Gracia; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Experimental Study on Two PCM Macro-Encapsulation Designs in a Thermal Energy Storage Tank." Applied Sciences 11, no. 13: 6171.
Accurate monitoring is critical for better understanding cities’ microclimate conditions and safeguard citizens’ health. Previous studies have performed microclimate analyses of urbanized areas by implementing data from either stable meteorological stations or satellites, or by developing mobile stations. Here, we present a vehicle-based monitoring campaign capable of monitoring both the scalar and directionally dependent variables that regulate the canopy layer environment. Under this framework, we performed a monitoring campaign within an Italian city, and measured simultaneously air temperature (± 0.3 \(^\circ \hbox {C}\) @ 20 \(^\circ \hbox {C}\)), relative humidity (± 2% @ 20 \(^\circ \hbox {C}\)), directional shortwave radiation (calibration uncertainty: < 1.8%), CO\(_2\) (± 50 ppm +2%) and PM10 (< 1%) concentration, wind speed (± 3% @ 40 m/s) and direction (± 3\(^\circ\) @ 40 m/s), and specific location (latitude, longitude and elevation). The presented assessment can be carried out within almost any area that motorized vehicles are allowed to access (e.g. through public transportation vehicles). Its application together with other mobile stations that can specifically assess also pedestrian areas, such as footpaths, urban parks, sidewalks and bike paths, as well as fixed meteorological stations and remote sensing techniques can contribute to a better understanding of microclimate patterns and hence to more efficient urban planning and risk assessments.
Ioannis Kousis; Ilaria Pigliautile; Anna Laura Pisello. A Mobile Vehicle-Based Methodology for Dynamic Microclimate Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research 2021, 1 -9.
AMA StyleIoannis Kousis, Ilaria Pigliautile, Anna Laura Pisello. A Mobile Vehicle-Based Methodology for Dynamic Microclimate Analysis. International Journal of Environmental Research. 2021; ():1-9.
Chicago/Turabian StyleIoannis Kousis; Ilaria Pigliautile; Anna Laura Pisello. 2021. "A Mobile Vehicle-Based Methodology for Dynamic Microclimate Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research , no. : 1-9.
Occupants’ comfort perception affects building energy consumptions. To improve the understanding of human comfort, which is crucial to reduce energy demand, laboratory experiments with humans in controlled environments (test rooms) are fundamental, but their potential also depends on the characteristic of each research facility. Nowadays, there is no common understanding for definitions, concepts, and procedures related to human comfort studies performed in test rooms. Identifying common features would allow standardising test procedures, reproducing the same experiments in different contexts, and sharing knowledge and test possibilities. This review identifies 187 existing test rooms worldwide: 396 papers were systematically selected, thoroughly reviewed, and analysed in terms of performed experiments and related test room details. The review highlights a rising interest in the topic during the last years, since 46% of related papers has been published between 2016 and 2020. A growing interest in non-thermal sensory domains (such as visual and air quality) and multi-domain studies about occupant's whole comfort emerged from the results. These research trends have entailed a change in the way test rooms are designed, equipped and controlled, progressively becoming more realistic inhabitable environments. Nevertheless, some lacks in comfort investigation are highlighted: some continents (like Africa and South America) and climate zones are found to be underrepresented, while involved subjects are mainly students performing office tasks. This review aspires to guide scientists and professionals toward the improved design or the audit of test room experimental facilities, especially in countries and climate zones where human comfort indoors is under-studied.
A.L. Pisello; I. Pigliautile; M. Andargie; C. Berger; P.M. Bluyssen; S. Carlucci; G. Chinazzo; Z. Deme Belafi; B. Dong; M. Favero; A. Ghahramani; G. Havenith; A. Heydarian; D. Kastner; M. Kong; D. Licina; Y. Liu; A. Luna-Navarro; A. Mahdavi; A. Nocente; M. Schweiker; M. Touchie; M. Vellei; F. Vittori; A. Wagner; A. Wang; S. Wei. Test rooms to study human comfort in buildings: A review of controlled experiments and facilities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 149, 111359 .
AMA StyleA.L. Pisello, I. Pigliautile, M. Andargie, C. Berger, P.M. Bluyssen, S. Carlucci, G. Chinazzo, Z. Deme Belafi, B. Dong, M. Favero, A. Ghahramani, G. Havenith, A. Heydarian, D. Kastner, M. Kong, D. Licina, Y. Liu, A. Luna-Navarro, A. Mahdavi, A. Nocente, M. Schweiker, M. Touchie, M. Vellei, F. Vittori, A. Wagner, A. Wang, S. Wei. Test rooms to study human comfort in buildings: A review of controlled experiments and facilities. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 149 ():111359.
Chicago/Turabian StyleA.L. Pisello; I. Pigliautile; M. Andargie; C. Berger; P.M. Bluyssen; S. Carlucci; G. Chinazzo; Z. Deme Belafi; B. Dong; M. Favero; A. Ghahramani; G. Havenith; A. Heydarian; D. Kastner; M. Kong; D. Licina; Y. Liu; A. Luna-Navarro; A. Mahdavi; A. Nocente; M. Schweiker; M. Touchie; M. Vellei; F. Vittori; A. Wagner; A. Wang; S. Wei. 2021. "Test rooms to study human comfort in buildings: A review of controlled experiments and facilities." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 149, no. : 111359.
The building sector, as a major energy consumer with high direct and indirect CO2 emissions, plays a vital role in the fight against climate change. In order to make buildings more comfortable, functional, efficient and safe, building services are used. Therefore, building services are the key to decrease their contribution to climate change. Due to the lack of organized literature on this topic, this paper presents the first comprehensive assessment of trends in the literature on building services related to climate change, which was completed by conducting a bibliometric analysis of the existing literature on the topic. The ultimate goal is to provide a source where researchers and other interested parties can find this information in an organized manner. Results show that the most abundant and recent studies related to building services are based on improving energy efficiency by optimizing systems such as ventilation or lighting, the latter with the installation of LED lights. In addition, recent studies have focused on social factors such as housing and urban growth.
David Vérez; Luisa Cabeza. Which Building Services Are Considered to Have Impact on Climate Change? Energies 2021, 14, 3917 .
AMA StyleDavid Vérez, Luisa Cabeza. Which Building Services Are Considered to Have Impact on Climate Change? Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3917.
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid Vérez; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Which Building Services Are Considered to Have Impact on Climate Change?" Energies 14, no. 13: 3917.
Steam accumulation is one of the most effective ways of thermal energy storage (TES) for the solar thermal energy (STE) industry. However, the steam accumulator concept is penalized by a bad relationship between the volume and the energy stored; moreover, its discharge process shows a decline in pressure, failing to reach nominal conditions in the turbine. From the economic point of view, between 60% and 70% of the cost of a steam accumulator TES is that of the pressure vessel tanks (defined as US$/kWhth). Since the current trend is based on increasing hours of storage in order to improve dispatchability levels in solar plants, the possibility of cost reduction is directly related to the cost of the material of pressure vessels, which is a market price. Therefore, in the present paper, a new design for steam accumulation is presented, focusing on innovative materials developed specifically for this purpose: two special concretes that compose the accumulation tank wall. Study of dosages, selection of materials and, finally, scale up on-field tests for their proper integration, fabrication and construction in prototype are the pillars of this new steam accumulation tank. Establishing clear and precise requirements and instructions for successful tank construction is necessary due to the highly sensitive and variable nature of those new concrete formulations.
Cristina Prieto; David Pérez Osorio; Edouard Gonzalez-Roubaud; Sonia Fereres; Luisa Cabeza. Advanced Concrete Steam Accumulation Tanks for Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Electricity. Energies 2021, 14, 3896 .
AMA StyleCristina Prieto, David Pérez Osorio, Edouard Gonzalez-Roubaud, Sonia Fereres, Luisa Cabeza. Advanced Concrete Steam Accumulation Tanks for Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Electricity. Energies. 2021; 14 (13):3896.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCristina Prieto; David Pérez Osorio; Edouard Gonzalez-Roubaud; Sonia Fereres; Luisa Cabeza. 2021. "Advanced Concrete Steam Accumulation Tanks for Energy Storage for Solar Thermal Electricity." Energies 14, no. 13: 3896.
The building and construction sector is a large contributor to anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and consumes vast natural resources. Improvements in this sector are of fundamental importance for national and global targets to combat climate change. In this context, vertical greenery systems (VGS) in buildings have become popular in urban areas to restore green space in cities and be an adaptation strategy for challenges such as climate change. However, only a small amount of knowledge is available on the different VGS environmental impacts. This paper discusses a comparative life cycle assessment (LCA) between a building with green walls, a building with green facades and a reference building without any greenery system in the continental Mediterranean climate. This life cycle assessment is carried according to ISO 14040/44 using ReCiPe and GWP indicators. Moreover, this study fills this gap by thoroughly tracking and quantifying all impacts in all phases of the building life cycle related to the manufacturing and construction stage, maintenance, use stage (operational energy use experimentally tested), and final disposal. The adopted functional unit is the square meter of the facade. Results showed that the operational stage had the highest impact contributing by up to 90% of the total environmental impacts during its 50 years life cycle. Moreover, when considering VGS, there is an annual reduction of about 1% in the environmental burdens. However, in summer, the reduction is almost 50%. Finally, if the use stage is excluded, the manufacturing and the maintenance stage are the most significant contributors, especially in the green wall system.
Marta Chàfer; Gabriel Pérez; Julià Coma; Luisa F. Cabeza. A comparative life cycle assessment between green walls and green facades in the Mediterranean continental climate. Energy and Buildings 2021, 249, 111236 .
AMA StyleMarta Chàfer, Gabriel Pérez, Julià Coma, Luisa F. Cabeza. A comparative life cycle assessment between green walls and green facades in the Mediterranean continental climate. Energy and Buildings. 2021; 249 ():111236.
Chicago/Turabian StyleMarta Chàfer; Gabriel Pérez; Julià Coma; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "A comparative life cycle assessment between green walls and green facades in the Mediterranean continental climate." Energy and Buildings 249, no. : 111236.
This paper presents a review of the application of model predictive control strategies to active thermal energy storage systems. To date, model predictive control has been used to manage such energy systems as heating, ventilation and air conditioning equipment or power generation plants. In all cases, the aim of the strategy has been to anticipate both production and consumption decisions to optimize the system performance, reducing the final energy cost. This ability of the strategy to forecast weather conditions and predict demand requirements in advance exceeds the performance of conventional control methods and made the strategy a very effective option to be coupled with active thermal energy storage systems. In this regard, this review paper presents the progress and results of the combination of these two technologies. The key contributions consist of a summary of the technical parameters employed, such as the prediction horizon length, the computational architecture approaches, the thermal energy storage material used and the influence of renewables in this kind of system. Additionally, the review summarises the latest enhancements to overcome computational issues and an analysis of the objective functions employed in each study, which were mainly focused to minimize the energy cost, the peak power and CO2 emissions. A discussion about the strengths and weaknesses of this technology is provided, highlighting the difficulty of the strategy to operate with complicated physical models as the key limitation to overcome. Finally, some future guidelines to enhance the application of this strategy to control different sort of systems are detailed.
Joan Tarragona; Anna Laura Pisello; Cèsar Fernández; Alvaro de Gracia; Luisa F. Cabeza. Systematic review on model predictive control strategies applied to active thermal energy storage systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 2021, 149, 111385 .
AMA StyleJoan Tarragona, Anna Laura Pisello, Cèsar Fernández, Alvaro de Gracia, Luisa F. Cabeza. Systematic review on model predictive control strategies applied to active thermal energy storage systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2021; 149 ():111385.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoan Tarragona; Anna Laura Pisello; Cèsar Fernández; Alvaro de Gracia; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Systematic review on model predictive control strategies applied to active thermal energy storage systems." Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 149, no. : 111385.
Worldwide, the energy consumption of refrigeration systems increased by 50% in the last 20 years. Currently, active refrigeration systems are often used to maintain cold chains in industry. However, there are remarkable drawbacks in the operation of active systems such as susceptibility to blackouts in the power supply and vibrations during their operation. Therefore, to overcome the aforementioned problems, passive cold chain transport using latent thermal energy storage systems arose as a potential solution. However, these systems require long charging times due to the low thermal conductivity of most phase change materials. In that sense, this paper presents a novel design of a cold storage battery with metal foam enhanced phase change material. The peak efflux of energy and solidification time of the battery is correlated as a function of the inlet temperature and mass flow rate of the heat transfer fluid with a root mean square deviation of 11.4%. The solidification time prediction allows determining the geometry which results in the maximum efflux of energy density for a given energy density. Moreover, the cold battery is placed in an insulated container to analyse its performance during transport. Results show that the tested refrigeration battery can act as a standalone refrigeration system during 15 h. However, improvements in the design of the insulated container are suggested to increase the performance of the system along the discharging cycle.
Joan Tarragona; Wim Beyne; Alvaro de Gracia; Luisa F. Cabeza; Michel De Paepe. Experimental analysis of a latent thermal energy storage system enhanced with metal foam. Journal of Energy Storage 2021, 41, 102860 .
AMA StyleJoan Tarragona, Wim Beyne, Alvaro de Gracia, Luisa F. Cabeza, Michel De Paepe. Experimental analysis of a latent thermal energy storage system enhanced with metal foam. Journal of Energy Storage. 2021; 41 ():102860.
Chicago/Turabian StyleJoan Tarragona; Wim Beyne; Alvaro de Gracia; Luisa F. Cabeza; Michel De Paepe. 2021. "Experimental analysis of a latent thermal energy storage system enhanced with metal foam." Journal of Energy Storage 41, no. : 102860.
Around the world people are rapidly moving to cities. The rapid urbanization has led to changes in land use and land cover, which (i) modify the urban surface energy balance making the cities hotter than the surrounding rural area, (ii) exacerbate the impact of extreme weather events like heatwaves and (iii) lead to poor quality of life. City administrations around the world are undertaking drastic measures to mitigate extreme heat. Here, in this study we test a wearable sensing platform to both study pedestrian-level microclimate boundary conditions as well as the impact of urban greening on moderating excess heat in dense urban areas. The experiment presented here was conducted in New York City. Typically, the urban thermal state is estimated by means of direct observations from ground-based sensors, satellite based remote sensing techniques, and high-resolution urban climate modeling, all of which are too coarse to resolve pedestrian-level impacts, a key parameter in determining heat stress for citizens occupying the outdoors. Here a wearable and a portable sensing apparata were used to monitor key environmental parameters - air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, mean radiant temperature and solar radiation. The coupled monitoring platform included multiple sensors and a wireless data logging system which were all prototyped by the authors on open source technologies. The sensor platform was able to accurately map the thermal environment of multiple dense urban spaces, being to reproduce the spatial variability in key microclimate parameters, and the performance was comparable to traditional stationary ground-based weather stations. The results, which may be of key help also for validating microclimate forecasting models, indicate high spatial variability in temperature, humidity and solar radiation within the same urban parks. Our findings also indicate that on average small urban parks in a dense urban setting were able to reduce the air temperature by 3–7 °C in New York City with major gains during the mid-afternoon periods.
Benedetta Pioppi; Anna Laura Pisello; Prathap Ramamurthy. Wearable sensing techniques to understand pedestrian-level outdoor microclimate affecting heat related risk in urban parks. Solar Energy 2021, 1 .
AMA StyleBenedetta Pioppi, Anna Laura Pisello, Prathap Ramamurthy. Wearable sensing techniques to understand pedestrian-level outdoor microclimate affecting heat related risk in urban parks. Solar Energy. 2021; ():1.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBenedetta Pioppi; Anna Laura Pisello; Prathap Ramamurthy. 2021. "Wearable sensing techniques to understand pedestrian-level outdoor microclimate affecting heat related risk in urban parks." Solar Energy , no. : 1.
Gabriel Zsembinszki; Cristina Prieto; Gennady Ziskind; Luisa F. Cabeza. Advances in thermal energy storage for renewable energies integration in the energy system. Renewable Energy 2021, 176, 635 -636.
AMA StyleGabriel Zsembinszki, Cristina Prieto, Gennady Ziskind, Luisa F. Cabeza. Advances in thermal energy storage for renewable energies integration in the energy system. Renewable Energy. 2021; 176 ():635-636.
Chicago/Turabian StyleGabriel Zsembinszki; Cristina Prieto; Gennady Ziskind; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Advances in thermal energy storage for renewable energies integration in the energy system." Renewable Energy 176, no. : 635-636.
The use of thermal energy storage (TES) allows to cleverly exploit clean energy resources, decrease the energy consumption, and increase the efficiency of energy systems. In the past twenty years, TES has continuously attracted researchers generating an extensive scientific production growing year by year. Despite the large number of publications, there are some aspects of TES that need to be further investigated in order to assess its complete feasibility. This paper gives a perspective on the state-of-the-art of TES, highlighting the research trends and the research gaps of different TES technologies. Using bibliometric analyses techniques, the main research gaps identified were related to economic, environmental, and social aspects.
Luisa F. Cabeza; Alvaro de Gracia; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Emiliano Borri. Perspectives on thermal energy storage research. Energy 2021, 231, 120943 .
AMA StyleLuisa F. Cabeza, Alvaro de Gracia, Gabriel Zsembinszki, Emiliano Borri. Perspectives on thermal energy storage research. Energy. 2021; 231 ():120943.
Chicago/Turabian StyleLuisa F. Cabeza; Alvaro de Gracia; Gabriel Zsembinszki; Emiliano Borri. 2021. "Perspectives on thermal energy storage research." Energy 231, no. : 120943.
Thermal conductivity is an essential property to understand the rate of charging/discharging of thermal energy storage systems, but there is still a lack of experimental studies in this field. The temperature dependence of thermal conductivity of eutectic mixtures capric/myristic acid (CA/MA), lauric/myristic acid (LA/MA), and palmitic/stearic acid (PA/SA), as well as their respective shape-stabilized forms (SS-PCMs), were measured by the hot wire technique. Thermal conductivity presented a linear correlation with temperature for all the materials. Besides, the thermal conductivity of the samples was compared with a commercial SS-PCM finding out that the SS-PCMs produced by the authors exhibit higher thermal conductivity than the commercial sample, with an increase between 10.57% and 33.33%. In addition, the minerals that comprise the clay were acquired and their effect on the thermal conductivity on the support studied. Between the crystalline phases, kaolin governed the thermal conductivity of the support. Afterward, kaolin additions were made, resulting in an increase of thermal conductivity between 6.49% and 17.68% of the SS-PCM. Thus, the novelty of this study relies, first, on the experimental data obtained of thermal conductivity, and second, on the study of the effect of some minerals in the overall thermal conductivity of the samples.
Carolina Cárdenas-Ramírez; Maryory A. Gómez; Franklin Jaramillo; Angel G. Fernández; Luisa F. Cabeza. Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of fatty acid binary mixtures and their shape-stabilized composites. Renewable Energy 2021, 175, 1167 -1173.
AMA StyleCarolina Cárdenas-Ramírez, Maryory A. Gómez, Franklin Jaramillo, Angel G. Fernández, Luisa F. Cabeza. Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of fatty acid binary mixtures and their shape-stabilized composites. Renewable Energy. 2021; 175 ():1167-1173.
Chicago/Turabian StyleCarolina Cárdenas-Ramírez; Maryory A. Gómez; Franklin Jaramillo; Angel G. Fernández; Luisa F. Cabeza. 2021. "Experimental determination of thermal conductivity of fatty acid binary mixtures and their shape-stabilized composites." Renewable Energy 175, no. : 1167-1173.
Wine production is a key sector for the Italian economy, representing 13 billion euros per year. The proportion of the market raises concerns about improving the production technology at low cost, safe practices, and low environmental impacts. The recurrent life cycle assessment performed does not report on the impacts of frost protection. This study presents the potential environmental impact of a novel late frost protection technique for vineyards that is currently under development. It consists of an organic coating made of sugar and straw to prevent vine damage due to frosts in vineyards in the coldest hours of late winter and early spring. From previous research at the University of Perugia (Italy), the technique has proven to be an effective protection method for vine shoots. Currently, the yields are protected by highly energy-demanding methods. For this study, we simulated two different scenarios of frosting protection so we could point out possible hotspots for the field application of the novel method and compare it to a technique usually employed in central Italy. Under the Centrum voor Milieukunde Leiden (CML) method, the cotton candy technique is estimated at 316 kg CO2 equivalent emissions for hectare. Employing the organic sugar-coating means avoiding 69,375 kg of CO2 eq. compared to the traditional technique of oak wood-burning into the vineyard. Preliminary cost analysis demonstrated the economic viability of implementing the organic coating.
Fabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi; Alessia Di Giuseppe; Alberto Gambelli; Alberto Palliotti; Andrea Nicolini; Anna Pisello; Federico Rossi. Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard. Sustainability 2021, 13, 5562 .
AMA StyleFabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi, Alessia Di Giuseppe, Alberto Gambelli, Alberto Palliotti, Andrea Nicolini, Anna Pisello, Federico Rossi. Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard. Sustainability. 2021; 13 (10):5562.
Chicago/Turabian StyleFabiana Frota De Albuquerque Landi; Alessia Di Giuseppe; Alberto Gambelli; Alberto Palliotti; Andrea Nicolini; Anna Pisello; Federico Rossi. 2021. "Life Cycle Assessment of an Innovative Technology against Late Frosts in Vineyard." Sustainability 13, no. 10: 5562.