Internet of Things (IoT) technology is now widely used in energy, healthcare, services, transportation, and other fields. With the increase in industrial equipment (e.g., smart mobile terminals, sensors, and other embedded devices) in the Internet of Things and the advent of Industry 4.0, there has been an explosion of data generated that is characterized by a high volume but small size. How to manage and protect sensitive private data in data sharing has become an urgent issue for enterprises. Traditional data sharing and storage relies on trusted third-party platforms or distributed cloud storage, but these approaches run the risk of single-node failure, and third parties and cloud storage providers can be vulnerable to attacks that can lead to data theft. To solve these problems, this paper proposes a Hyperledger Fabric blockchain-based secure data transfer scheme for enterprises in the Industrial Internet of Things (IIOT). We store raw data in the IIoT in the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) network after encryption and store the Keyword-index table we designed in Hyperledger Fabric blockchain, and enterprises share the data by querying the Keyword-index table. We use Fabric’s channel mechanism combined with our designed Chaincode to achieve privacy protection and efficient data transmission while using the Elliptic Curve Digital Signature Algorithm (ECDSA) to ensure data integrity. Finally, we performed security analysis and experiments on the proposed scheme, and the results show that overall the data transfer performance in the IPFS network is generally better than the traditional network, In the case of transferring 5 MB file size data, the transmission speed and latency of IPFS are 19.23 mb/s and 0.26 s, respectively, and the IPFS network is almost 4 times faster than the TCP/IP network while taking only a quarter of the time, which is more advantageous when transferring small files, such as data in the IIOT. In addition, our scheme outperforms the blockchain systems mainly used today in terms of both throughput, latency, and system overhead. The average throughput of our solution can reach 110 tps (transactions are executed per second), and the minimum throughput in experimental tests can reach 101 tps.

In the current medical insurance claims process, there are problems of low efficiency and complex services. When a patient applies for medical insurance claims, he/she must go to the hospital to apply for a diagnosis certificate and receipt and then send the relevant application documents to the insurance company. The patient will not receive compensation until the company completes the verification with the patient’s hospital. However, we can improve the current dilemma through blockchain technology. Blockchain technology can effectively open up the information channels of the insurance industry and medical institutions, promote industry integration, and enhance the ability of insurance companies to obtain information. In this research, we used blockchain and smart contract technology to make the following contributions to the development of Internet insurance. First, blockchain and smart contract technology can effectively solve the problem of online underwriting. Second, it is conducive to improving supervision. Third, it is conducive to solving risk control problems. Fourth, it is conducive to effective anti-money laundering. The proposed scheme fulfills the following security requirements: mutual authentication of identities, non-repudiation between each of two roles, and other major blockchain-based security requirements. In the event of a dispute, we also proposed an arbitration mechanism to divide responsibilities.

Internet of Things (IoT) device security is one of the crucial topics in the field of information security. IoT devices are often protected securely through firmware update. Traditional update methods have their shortcomings, such as bandwidth limitation and being attackers’ easy targets. Although many scholars proposed a variety of methods that are based on the blockchain technology to update the firmware, there are still demerits existing in their schemes, including large storage space and centralized stored firmware. In summary, this research proposes a highly secure and efficient protection mechanism that is based on the blockchain technology to improve the above disadvantages. Therefore, this study can reduce the need of storage space and improve system security. The proposed system has good performance in some events, including firmware integrity, security of IoT device connection, system security, and device anonymity. Furthermore, we confirm the high security and practical feasibility of the proposed system by comparing with the existing methods.

As sensor networks and cloud computation technologies have rapidly developed over recent years, many services and applications integrating these technologies into daily life have come together as an Internet of Things (IoT). At the same time, aging populations have increased the need for expanded and more efficient elderly care services. Fortunately, elderly people can now wear sensing devices which relay data to a personal wireless device, forming a body area network (BAN). These personal wireless devices collect and integrate patients’ personal physiological data, and then transmit the data to the backend of the network for related diagnostics. However, a great deal of the information transmitted by such systems is sensitive data, and must therefore be subject to stringent security protocols. Protecting this data from unauthorized access is thus an important issue in IoT-related research. In regard to a cloud healthcare environment, scholars have proposed a secure mechanism to protect sensitive patient information. Their schemes provide a general architecture; however, these previous schemes still have some vulnerability, and thus cannot guarantee complete security. This paper proposes a secure and lightweight body-sensor network based on the Internet of Things for cloud healthcare environments, in order to address the vulnerabilities discovered in previous schemes. The proposed authentication mechanism is applied to a medical reader to provide a more comprehensive architecture while also providing mutual authentication, and guaranteeing data integrity, user untraceability, and forward and backward secrecy, in addition to being resistant to replay attack.

In recent years, counterfeit luxury products have become a major concern for consumers worldwide. The reason for the proliferation of counterfeit products is that the manufacturing and distribution process is not transparent to consumers and this information can be easily falsified or altered by others. To solve this problem, this paper proposes the development of a management system using blockchain and smart contract technology to solve the problems of data forgery and data tampering, while tracking the information related to luxury products and ensuring the accuracy and authenticity of the relevant data, to achieve the purpose of luxury product anti-counterfeiting. When using Hyperledger Fabric to deploy the blockchain and execute smart contracts, all information related to the production and logistics process of luxury goods will be uploaded to the blockchain. No human intervention is required to create a complete, traceable, tamper-proof, and trusted repository. Compared to previous work, this paper combines blockchain technology with specific processes in the supply chain, employing a variety of security methods to secure the communication process. Moreover, our proposed solution is more flexible in transmission, with more secure protocols also making data harder to tamper with and falsify, thereby solving the problem of forgery and tracking of luxury products.

Electronic medical records (EMRs) are extremely private data in the medical industry. Clinicians use the patient data that the EMR stores to quickly assess a patient’s status and save diagnostic information. In the conventional medical model, it is easy for duplicate exams, medical resource waste, or the loss of medical records to happen when a patient is transferred between several medical facilities due to problems with data sharing and exchange, inadequate data privacy, security, confidentiality, and difficulties with data traceability. This paper recommends a Hyperledger Fabric-based strategy to promote the exchange of EMR models. With the use of Hyperledger Fabric, EMR stakeholders can be brought into the channel to facilitate data sharing. Attribute-based access control (ABAC) allows users to design the data access control policy, and the data access control may improve security. Any record stored in the blockchain can be viewed using the Hyperledger Fabric feature and it cannot be altered or destroyed, ensuring data traceability. Through proxy re-encryption, which makes sure that the data is not leaked during data exchange, data secrecy can be ensured. A module for medical tokens has now been added. Many foreign medical institutions currently use the medical token system, and the system described in this paper can use the tokens to pay for some medical expenses. The tokens are obtained by the patient’s initiative to share their EMR with the medical institution for research, which is how many foreign medical institutions currently use the medical token mechanism. This paradigm can encourage the growth of medical data by enabling stakeholders to collaborate and share EMR trust.