The Brazilian Pantanal region experiences intense biomass burning during the dry season, releasing large quantities of gasses and particles into the atmosphere, which have serious implications on both the climate system and public health. Understanding the dynamics of these emissions is crucial for mitigating the impact on the ecosystem, its functioning, and potential anthropogenic disturbances. This study focused on analyzing emissions in the northern Pantanal during the 2022 drought. Concentrations of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5), black carbon (BC), and 25 chemical elements were measured using gravimetry, reflectance analysis, and X-Ray fluorescence, respectively, from samples collected between August and October 2022. The average concentrations of PM_2.5 and BC increased approximately 4-fold and 2.5-fold, respectively, compared to averages from a decade ago. Significant increases were also observed in elements such as sulfur (S), potassium (K), iron (Fe), and silicon (Si). The maximum concentrations were comparable to values typical of the southern Amazon, a region known for high deforestation rates and land use changes. Elemental analysis revealed substantial shifts in concentrations, primarily associated with biomass burning (BB) and soil suspension. Additionally, enrichment factor (Ef) analysis showed that lead (Pb) levels, correlated with human activities, were 200 times higher than those found under clean atmospheric conditions.

Facilitar o entendimento da física tem sido um desafio constante ao longo do tempo, exigindo cada vez mais a busca por maneiras de tornar o aprendizado de física mais acessível. Neste trabalho, nosso objetivo é demonstrar a física teórica e experimental das ondas estacionárias. Para isso, utilizamos uma abordagem inovadora que combinou um instrumento musical amplamente conhecido, o violão, com o aplicativo PhyPhox, que permite a realização de experimentos de física por meio dos sensores presentes em smartphones. Realizando o experimento de autocorrelação de áudio disponível no aplicativo, os resultados obtidos mostraram-se satisfatórios, com as frequências medidas para cada nota muito próximas das esperadas em uma escala temperada. A análise dessas frequências possibilitou o cálculo da velocidade de propagação das ondas nas cordas do violão, um valor relevante que está diretamente relacionado à tensão e à densidade linear de cada corda. Observou-se que as cordas mais grossas geram sons mais graves devido à menor velocidade de propagação, enquanto as cordas mais finas produzem sons mais agudos. Além disso, as variações nas intensidades dos picos de autocorrelação sugerem flutuações no som, refletindo o comportamento realista de atenuação do som ao longo do tempo

The Brazilian Pantanal region suffers intensely from biomass burning during the dry season. Large quantities of gases and particles are emitted into the atmosphere during this period, with serious implications for fauna and flora. Understanding the dynamics of these emissions is es-sential for mitigating the ecosystem, its functioning, and possible anthropogenic disturbances. In this sense, this study analyzed emissions over the north of the Brazilian Pantanal during the 2022 drought. Measurements of concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5), Black carbon (BC), and elemental concentration (25 chemical elements) were determined by gravimetry, reflectance analysis, and X-ray fluorescence, respectively, for samples collected between August and Octo-ber 2022. The average concentrations of PM2.5 and BC had their values increased by approxi-mately 4 and 2.5 times, respectively, when compared to the averages from a decade ago. The maximum concentrations found are close to values typical of the southern Amazon region, a re-gion with high rates of deforestation and changes in land use. The elemental analysis showed large changes in concentrations, mainly associated with biomass burning emission (BB) and soil resuspension. Furthermore, analyses of lead (Pb) concentrations showed strong anthropization at the study site.