The gold standard in the non-surgical treatment of periodontitis is scaling and root planing (SRP). In recent years, the use of autogenous platelet concentrates has spread over many specialties in dentistry and, thus, has also been gaining popularity in periodontal treatment. Its two main fractions are platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), which, since 2014, can also be used via injection as injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF). The authors conducted a comprehensive systematic review in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. It involved searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases using the phrases (“Root Planing” OR “Subgingival Curettage” OR “Periodontal Debridement”) AND (“Platelet-Rich Plasma”). Based on the authors’ inclusion and exclusion criteria, 12 results were included in the review, out of 1170 total results. The objective of this review was to ascertain the impact of utilizing PRP and i-PRF in SRP. The results revealed that both the incorporation of PRP and i-PRF were found to be significantly associated with are duction in gingival pocket depth and again in clinical attachment level; however, i-PRF demonstrated superiority in improving clinical parameters. Furthermore, i-PRF demonstrated notable bactericidal efficacy against Porphyromonas gingivalis. On the other hand, PRP proved inferior to an Nd:YAG laser in clinical parameter improvement; however, it demonstrated significant efficiency as well. This literature review led the authors to the conclusion that autologous platelet concentrates might be competent agents for improving the therapeutic outcomes of SRP.

Minimising pain with effective local anaesthesia is an essential step towards improving the level of dentally anxious patients’ comfort during dental treatment. It can be provided by many different techniques. One of them is using the Computer-Controlled Local Anaesthesia Delivery systems (CCLADs). This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of computerised anaesthesia with the conventional technique in terms of perceived pain. A database literature search was performed on PubMed, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar, covering up the period between 2015 and 2023. Only the studies comparing computerised anaesthesia technique with the use of conventional carpule were included. An overview of 20 relevant studies (n = 1347 subjects) was provided including pediatric patients, as well as the adults. The evaluated parameters were: pain, child’s behaviour, heart rate, blood pressure, level of satisfaction, anxiety, further anaesthesia method preference, need for additional anaesthetic, as well as the duration of anaesthesia, measured by different scales, devices and questionnaires. The present literature review led the authors to the conclusion, that the use of CCLADs is significantly less painful than the traditional anaesthesia and it is a promising technique for helping patients deal with pain perception. However, it is advisable to conduct further research on the use of CCLAD.

Background: Traditional root canal therapy (RCT) effectively removes diseased or necrotic pulp tissue and replaces it with inorganic materials. Regenerative endodontics is an alternative to conventional RCT by using biologically based approaches to restore the pulp–dentin complex. This review explores emerging techniques, including autogenic and allogenic pulp transplantation, platelet-rich fibrin, human amniotic membrane scaffolds, specialized pro-resolving mediators, nanofibrous and bioceramic scaffolds, injectable hydrogels, dentin matrix proteins, and cell-homing strategies. These methods utilize stem cells, growth factors, and biomaterials to regenerate vascularized, functional pulp tissue. Methods: A narrative review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Embase to identify studies published between 2010 and 2023. In vitro, animal, and clinical studies focusing on innovative regenerative endodontic techniques were analyzed. Conclusions: Although regenerative endodontics demonstrates great potential, challenges remain in standardizing protocols, addressing biological variability, and achieving consistent clinical outcomes. Future research must focus on refining these techniques to ensure their safety, efficacy, and accessibility in routine practice. By addressing current limitations, regenerative endodontics could redefine the management of pulpitis, offering biologically based treatments that enhance tooth vitality, structural integrity, and long-term prognosis.

Root cementum is a specialized connective tissue with a critical role in tooth function and periodontal health. This narrative review aims to consolidate current knowledge regarding the influence of cementum on the pathophysiology of periodontitis and root caries, its remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement, its significance in regenerative strategies and implantology, along with the effect of selected stimulants. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, Embase, and Scopus databases for articles fulfilling the inclusion criteria. The analysis revealed that cementum’s unique biological characteristics are fundamental to the success of periodontal regeneration, with biomimetic approaches showing promise for enhancing osseointegration of dental implants. Furthermore, the tissue is highly susceptible to mechanical forces, leading to adverse effects such as root resorption during orthodontic treatment. Its composition also renders it vulnerable to demineralization from root caries and damage from external stimulants. In conclusion, a profound understanding of the intricate biology of root cementum is essential for developing safer and more effective treatment modalities. The findings strongly support the development of targeted, cementum-oriented interventions and preventive strategies, thereby improving long-term success in restorative, periodontal, and orthodontic treatment.

Across the world, the incidence of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is increasing, establishing it as one of the most prevalent cancers originating in the oral cavity. Estrogen Receptor alpha (ERα) and Estrogen Receptor beta (ERβ) expression were identified and analyzed in normal oral mucosa as well as in squamous cell carcinoma. On a molecular level, estrogens and progestogens, as steroid hormones, influence various biological processes, including reproduction and behavior, by binding to their intracellular receptors. Hypotheses suggest that oral cavity malignancies could be hormonally induced. Periodontal inflammation, mediated by TREM-1, IL-1β, and reduced salivary antibacterial function during hormonal fluctuations, is important in evaluation of etiology of oral cancers and is correlated to hormonal levels. Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling activates ERα through phosphorylation, increasing its transcriptional activity and promoting cell proliferation. Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) offers both hormonal and non-hormonal treatments, with concerns about overprescription and potential off-label use. In this literature review we aimed to analyze whether there is a link between MHT which consists of estrogen or both estrogen and progesterone and oral cancer risk. A review of the scientific literature covering the years 2018–2025 was carried out, whether estrogens, identified as carcinogens, may be suggested as the potential therapeutic target for OSCC in the future, similar to their well grounded role in the standard management of estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer.

Aims: This review synthesizes current knowledge on inflammatory complications of odontogenic origin, based on scientific literature from 2005 to 2025. The objective is to identify and characterize the full spectrum of complications, their etiology, pathogenesis, diagnostic approaches, and therapeutic strategies. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, covering peer-reviewed articles published between 2005 and 2025. The literature search yielded 2,340 articles, of which 28 met inclusion criteria, including 15 original research articles, 10 review articles, and 3 case reports. Results: The review covers complications including periapical abscesses (periapical, subperiosteal, submucosal), odontogenic sinusitis, osteomyelitis, facial cellulitis, sepsis, orbital abscess, meningitis, cavernous sinus thrombosis, brain abscess, and Lemierre’s syndrome. Contributing factors include untreated caries, periodontal disease, dental trauma, diabetes, and immunosuppression. Infection spread occurs via direct extension, hematogenous dissemination, or lymphatic routes, affecting areas such as the maxillary sinus, orbit, mediastinum, and intracranial spaces. Conclusions: The results emphasize that early diagnosis, targeted antimicrobial therapy, surgical intervention, and patient education are critical for effective management. The discussion underscores the need for interdisciplinary approaches and preventive measures to mitigate these complications.