Aim: The aim of this study was to identify the diagnosis characteristics of the refugees who applied to pediatric emergency and pediatric outpatient policlinics of a major hospital in Ankara. Materials and Methods: Files of patients admitted to the pediatric emergency and pediatric outpatient polyclinics between January and December of 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Results: There were 12,385 refugee applications to the pediatric emergency polyclinic during this period. The number of refugee applications to the outpatient pediatrics polyclinic was 8,341. The distribution of the nationality of the refugee children who applied to the emergency polyclinic was 46.2% Syrian, 50.6% Iraqi, 1.2% Afghan, and 2% from other countries. The distribution of the nationality of the refugee children who applied to the outpatient polyclinic was 51.9% Syrian, 45.9% Iraqi, 0.9% Afghan, and 1.3% from other countries. The most frequent diagnosis of refugee children admitted to the pediatric emergency polyclinic and outpatient polyclinics were upper respiratory tract infections and lower respiratory tract infections. 21.4% of the refugee patients who applied to the emergency polyclinic were admitted to the pediatric clinic or the pediatric intensive care unit. Of these patients, 1.1% were hospitalized for varicella and 0.8% were hospitalized for hepatitis A. Malnutritionwas observed in 6.2%, anemia of iron deficiency was observed in 23.8%, and vitamin B12 deficiency was observed in 9.6% of the patients. Conclusions: We recommend that every refugee child should be scanned for malnutrition and anemia and nutritional support should be provided to preserve their health.

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitudes of family physicians and family health personnel who are responsible for childhood vaccination services in primary care regarding meningococcal, rotavirus, and human papillomavirus vaccines. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between October 2021 and January 2022. A total of 700 healthcare professionals from all geographical regions in Turkey were included in the study. The participants filled out an online questionnaire consisting of 39 questions created with Google Forms. Results: Of the participants, 340 (48.6%) are family physicians, and 360 (51.4%) are family health personnel. Most participants are from the Marmara region, Turkey’s most densely populated region. The most recommended vaccine among the participants was rotavirus (84.3%), while the least recommended vaccine was human papilloma virus (47.6%). The number of family physicians recommending meningococcal and human papilloma virus vaccines was significantly higher than that of family health personnel (p < 0.001). Furthermore, there was a statistically significant correlation between seeing a patient with these viruses in one’s professional life or considering the severity of these three diseases to be severe and recommending these vaccines (p < 0.001 for both). However, lack of knowledge about vaccines and doses, the high cost of vaccines, and concerns about side effects were among the reasons for not recommending vaccines. Conclusions: Healthcare professionals involved in childhood immunization should be trained to increase their knowledge and awareness on this issue. The training plan and curriculum should take into account the issues raised in our research, such as age, occupation, region of residence, and professional experience. In general, knowledge about the efficacy and safety of vaccines will help healthcare professionals develop their confidence in vaccines and willingness to recommend childhood vaccines to others.

Aim: The aim of our study is to assess the relationship between social media addiction and quality of life in adolescents. Methods: The study included 386 adolescents."Sociodemographic Data Form", "Short Form of Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents", and "Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Teenager Form" questionnaires were administered. Results: Mean age was 15.6±2.9 years (n=145, 37.6% males). 91.2% had internet connections at home. 43.8% were social media addicted. If the internet use was ≥5 hours/day (28.5%) Short Form of Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents was the highest and the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Teenager Form score was the lowest. Mobile phones were the most frequently used devices (94%). Short Form of Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents and the subscales of the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Teenager Form showed negative correlations: physical, emotional, social, school functioning. The total Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Teenager Form score and Short Form of Social Media Addiction Scale for Adolescents showed a strong negative correlation. Internet usage caused a decrease in quality of life related to social life, school life, and self-care. 30.8% of adolescents had reported health problems due to internet use. The mean Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory Teenager Form score was higher in boys compared to girls. Conclusion: Individuals are more susceptible to addiction during adolescence, a sensitive period of personality maturation, and all these factors affect a person's quality of life. Our study revealed that social media addiction adversely affects all facets of life functioning. Keywords: adolescent health, social media addiction, life quality

Introduction and Objective: Endocan has been used as a biomarker in the differential diagnosis of pulmonary diseases in adults. However, there are only a limited number of studies on its use in children. In this context, the objective of this study is to evaluate the relationship between serum endocan levels in children with bacterial and viral pneumonia. Materials and Methods: The population of this prospective case-control study consisted of hospitalized children aged 1 month to 15 years diagnosed with pneumonia between August 2020 and July 2021, whereas the control group consisted of randomly selected healthy children. The demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants were recorded. Participants' endocan levels, white blood cell (WBC) and neutrophil counts, and C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) levels were measured within the scope of the laboratory tests. Results: The study sample consisted of 41 children, of whom 21 had bacterial pneumonia and 20 had viral pneumonia, whereas the control group consisted of 47 healthy children. Serum endocan levels, WBC and neutrophil counts, and PCT and CRP levels were significantly higher in children with bacterial pneumonia than in children with viral pneumonia and healthy children ( P < 0.05). Additionally, serum endocan levels were significantly higher in children with viral pneumonia than in healthy children ( P < 0.001). The endocan levels in children with bacterial pneumonia were significantly associated with the need for intensive care ( P = 0.004) and correlated with the length of hospital stay (LoS) ( r = 0.592, P = 0.005). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that serum endocan levels can be used in the differential diagnosis of bacterial and viral pneumonias. Additionally, it was found that the need for intensive care and LoS were significantly correlated with endocan levels in children with bacterial pneumonia.