The increasing prevalence of colon and lung cancer presents a considerable challenge to healthcare systems worldwide, emphasizing the critical necessity for early and accurate diagnosis to enhance patient outcomes. The precision of diagnosis heavily relies on the expertise of histopathologists, constituting a demanding task. The health and well‐being of patients are jeopardized in the absence of adequately trained histopathologists, potentially leading to misdiagnoses, unnecessary treatments, and tests, resulting in the inefficient utilization of healthcare resources. However, with substantial technological advancements, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a potent tool in clinical settings, particularly in the realm of medical imaging. This study leveraged the LC25000 dataset, encompassing 25,000 images of lung and colon tissue, introducing an innovative approach by employing a self‐organized operational neural network (Self‐ONN) to accurately detect lung and colon cancer in histopathology images. Subsequently, our novel model underwent comparison with five pretrained convolutional neural network (CNN) models: MobileNetV2‐SelfMLP, Resnet18‐SelfMLP, DenseNet201‐SelfMLP, InceptionV3‐SelfMLP, and MobileViTv2_200‐SelfMLP, where each multilayer perceptron (MLP) was replaced with Self‐MLP. The models’ performance was meticulously assessed using key metrics such as precision, recall, F1 score, accuracy, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The proposed model demonstrated exceptional overall accuracy, precision, sensitivity, F1 score, and specificity, achieving 99.74%, 99.74%, 99.74%, 99.74%, and 99.94%, respectively. This underscores the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) to significantly enhance diagnostic precision within clinical settings, portraying a promising avenue for improving patient care and outcomes. The synopsis of the literature provides a thorough examination of several DL and digital image processing methods used in the identification of cancer, with a primary emphasis on lung and colon cancer. The experiments use the LC25000 dataset, which consists of 25,000 photos, for the purposes of training and testing. Various techniques, such as CNNs, transfer learning, ensemble models, and lightweight DL architectures, have been used to accomplish accurate categorization of cancer tissue. Various investigations regularly show exceptional performance, with accuracy rates ranging from 96.19% to 99.97%. DL models such as EfficientNetV2, DHS‐CapsNet, and CNN‐based architectures such as VGG16 and GoogleNet variations have shown remarkable performance in obtaining high levels of accuracy. In addition, methods such as SSL and lightweight DL models provide encouraging outcomes in effectively managing large datasets. In general, the research emphasizes the efficacy of DL methods in successfully diagnosing cancer from histopathological pictures. It therefore indicates that DL has the potential to greatly improve medical diagnostic techniques.

Background and Objectives: Diabetes is linked to a higher risk of urinary tract infections (UTIs) in women, often leading to recurrent antibiotic treatments. Frequent antibiotic use for UTIs can contribute to antimicrobial resistance (AMR), a critical public health threat that increases treatment failure. This study investigated the prevalence of AMR and its associated factors among women with UTIs, comparing those with and without diabetes. Results: The study population had a mean age of 52 years (SD = 23) for the women without diabetes and 68 years (SD = 14) for those with diabetes. Resistance was highest for cefazolin and levofloxacin in the Access and Watch antibiotic groups, while ciprofloxacin was the most frequently prescribed antibiotic. AMR prevalence was 35.7% among the women with diabetes and 21.3% among those without. After adjustment, AMR was significantly associated with both uncomplicated diabetes (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.08–1.21) and complicated diabetes (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.45–1.64), as well as with higher numbers of prescribed antibiotics (OR 277.39, 95% CI 253.79–303.17). Methods: Using a cross-sectional cohort from the Physionet database, we analyzed data on 116,902 female participants treated for UTIs, including their antibiotic exposure, diabetes status, comorbidities, and hospital admission details. Antimicrobials were classified per the WHO’s AWaRe criteria. The primary outcome was AMR identified in urine cultures, and the association with diabetes status was evaluated using multivariable logistic regression. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the need for focused antimicrobial stewardship in women with diabetes to reduce the AMR rates in this vulnerable group.

Empathy is a basic core human characteristic, the foundation for social relationships and interpersonal attachment. In medicine, particularly in neurosurgery, empathy goes beyond the concept of clinical neutrality and emerges as a guiding philosophy to form patient-centered care. Neurosurgical patients, who are often handling complex, life-changing pathologies, benefit greatly from empathetic reassurances that diminish their anxiety and establish a more robust patient-clinician connection. However, constructs of modern healthcare that undermine empathy include the very high value placed on time, oppressive workloads, inadequate staffing, and performance-driven cultures that can reduce compassion to nothing more than a secondary concern. The evidence underscores that empathy helps to improve patient satisfaction, treatment adherence, and development of strong therapeutic alliances. An empathic practice also helps the clinician in being protective against burnout, building emotional resilience, and the induction of reflection in self-assessment-all beneficial for his or her mental health. Indeed, another obvious and serious decrease in empathy has been detected with the increasing years of training in trainees and practitioners, as well as in clinical environments. The institutions need to have adequate staffing, the best flow processes, and empathetic leadership from the front, really prioritizing emotional well-being. Teaching empathy in medical school and during residency is critical, so our future physicians understand its importance. Empathy is further consolidated by ongoing professional training in communication skills and emotional intelligence and self-care strategies. Neurosurgery, as a high-demand and tough surgical discipline, can benefit the most from a culture of empathy.

Background External ventricular drainage (EVD) is associated with a significant risk of ventriculostomy-associated infection (VAI), which can lead to severe complications. The relationship between catheterization duration, routine catheter exchange, and infection risk remains debated. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the contemporary pooled VAI rate and evaluate the effect of catheter type and management strategy on infection risk. Methods PROSPERO-registered (CRD42025632997) systematic review and meta-analysis. MEDLINE, Cochrane, Embase, Scopus, and CINAHL were searched through February 2024. Studies reporting EVD infection counts with catheter-days were included. Random-effects (DerSimonian–Laird) meta-analysis pooled log-transformed infection rates. Subgroup analyses compared impregnated versus plain catheters and pre-/post-2010 era. Two RCTs were qualitatively synthesized. Risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and Cochrane RoB2. Results Nineteen cohort studies and two RCTs were included. Eight cohort studies contributed 167 infections across 22,839 catheter-days to quantitative synthesis. The pooled VAI rate was 7.87 per 1,000 catheter-days (95% CI 4.67–13.25; I²=91%, τ²=0.506). The 95% prediction interval was 1.78–34.85/1,000 catheter-days, reflecting wide variation across settings. Antimicrobial-impregnated catheters had a pooled rate of 4.85 versus 17.03/1,000 catheter-days for plain catheters. Contemporary studies incorporating standardized infection-prevention bundles and reduced catheter manipulation also demonstrated substantially lower infection rates. Neither RCT demonstrated benefit from routine replacement (Wong 2002: RR = 1.80, 95% CI 0.33–9.81, p = 0.50; Keong 2012: RR = 0.58, 95% CI 0.33–0.99, favouring silver-impregnated catheters). Conclusion Routine fixed-interval EVD replacement is not supported by current evidence, independently confirming IDSA 2017 Recommendation 78. Antimicrobial-impregnated catheters and infection prevention bundles appear more effective at reducing VAI rates than scheduled catheter exchange alone. Further adequately powered RCTs are needed and research should standardize reporting of institutional replacement practices and evaluate broader-spectrum antimicrobial catheter technologies targeting both gram-positive and gram-negative organisms.

Study Design: Case report. Objective: To describe the surgical strategy and clinical outcome of a single-session 270-degree decompression, fixation, and realignment procedure for a neglected subaxial cervical facet dislocation. Summary of Background Data: Neglected cervical facet dislocations are rare but challenging injuries that often present with chronic pain, neurological deficit, and fixed kyphotic deformity. Delayed management is complicated by facet fusion, spinal cord compression, and loss of reduction potential, frequently necessitating complex circumferential reconstruction strategies. Methods: A 22-year-old male presented 1 year after a road traffic accident with persistent neck pain, radiculopathy, bilateral upper limb weakness, and gait imbalance. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated C3–C4 anterolisthesis with right-sided facet fusion, a locked facet on the left, and severe canal stenosis with cord compression and cord signal changes. Under neurophysiological monitoring, a single-session circumferential “270 degrees” procedure was performed: posterior partial facetectomy and unilateral lateral mass screw fixation, followed by anterior C4 corpectomy, decompression, cage insertion with plating, and completion of posterior rod fixation for definitive stabilization and realignment. Results: The patient tolerated the procedure without intraoperative complications. Postoperatively, he experienced marked improvement in radicular pain, handgrip strength, and gait stability. Follow-up radiographs confirmed restoration of cervical alignment and correction of lordosis, and he continued to demonstrate neurological recovery with a structured rehabilitation program. At 3-year follow-up, the patient remained neurologically intact with mild intermittent neck pain and stable radiographic alignment. Conclusions: A carefully planned single-stage 270-degree decompression and fusion strategy can provide effective neural decompression, correction of deformity, and restoration of mechanical stability in neglected cervical facet dislocations, enabling meaningful neurological recovery. Early recognition and careful preoperative planning of circumferential surgery are particularly important in settings where delayed presentation is common.