The objective of this research was to examine the determinants of farmer participation and shallot-farming development in search of effective farm management practices. The study used structural equation modeling data analysis. The primary data were collected from direct structural interviews with 150 randomly chosen shallot farmers in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. It was found that the latent variables of Physical Aspects of Land, System of Economy Peasant Society, and System of Political Peasant Society were fundamental factors that exerted a positive and significant influence on the latent variable of Farmer Participation. Therefore, improvements in the physical aspects of the land, the economic framework, and the political structure of agricultural communities could promote farmer participation. Furthermore, the latent variable of Farmer Participation and System of Political Peasant Society had a positive and significant impact on shallot-farming development. Thus, by increasing the influence of government officials and community leaders, shallot farming can be promoted. The farmers can then enhance their participation in shallot-farming plan formulation and implementation, providing the continued development of shallot farming. The findings of this study contribute significantly to the body of knowledge by validating previous research and proposing different ways to improve effective farm management practices in shallot farming.

Coffee is one of the promising agricultural commodities. Sound processing and advanced processing will provide added value and increase income. CV. Berkat Asia is a household-scale ground coffee industry located in Sinjai Borong District. They process robusta coffee from local farmers to packaged ground coffee. This study aims to analyze the added value of income in CV. Berkat Asia. This research was conducted in January 2022 by applying case study research. The data were then analyzed using income and value-added analysis using the Hayami method. The results showed that the daily income for processing ground coffee was IDR. 10.3 million . The annual income is IDR. 2.4 billion. The added value generated is IDR. 12 thousand/kg with a value-added ratio of 30.23%. The industrial value added is classified as a medium ratio because the added value is above 15%, with daily and annual R/C ratios of 1.34 and 1.32, respectively.

This study aims to measure the allocative efficiency of inputs or production factors in katokkon chili farming with climate-friendly organic farming. This research was conducted in five villages spread across two districts, Tana Toraja and North Toraja, South Sulawesi. This study involved 100 respondents from each village with a census sampling method. The methods used in this study are Cobb-Douglas Stochastic Frontier and allocative efficiency analysis (AEA). The results showed that of the six variables contained in the Cobb-Douglas equation, Land Area (X1), Labor (X2), Compost (X3), Liquid Organic Fertilizer (X4), Vegetable Pesticides (X5), and Farm Capital (X6), only the allocation of farm capital (X6) did not have a significant effect on the production of katokkon chili (Y) in Tana Toraja and North Toraja. Furthermore, the five variables that had a significant effect on the production of katokkon chili were again tested in allocative efficiency analysis, with results showing that the allocative use of Compost, liquid organic fertilizer, and vegetable pesticides was considered efficient or by the usage procedure with the value of NPM / Px = 1. In comparison, the other variables, land area and labor, were allocative, not optimal NPM / Px >1. Hence, increasing land by an average of 72.69 m² and a workforce of 39.95 HOK was necessary to achieve allocative efficiency.

The objective of the research was to examine the determinants that determine farmer participation and shallot farming development in search of effective farm management practices. The study used Structural Equation Modeling data analysis. The primary data was collected from direct-structural interviews with 150 randomly chosen shallot farmers in Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia. It was found that the physical attributes of the land, the economic framework of the community, and the political system of the agricultural community were fundamental factors that exerted a positive and significant influence on farmer participation. Therefore, improvements in the physical aspects of land, the economic framework, and the political structure of agricultural communities could promote farmer participation. Furthermore, the farmers’ participation and the political structure of agricultural communities have a positive and significant impact on the development of shallot farming. Thus, by increasing the influence of government officials and community leaders, shallot farming can be promoted. The farmers can then enhance their participation in the shallot farming plan's formulation and implementation, providing the continued development of shallot farming. The findings of this study contribute significantly to the body of knowledge by validating previous research and proposing different ways to improve effective farm management practices in shallot farming.