Background: Bleeding within the orbit in the form of a subperiosteal or retrobulbar hematoma is a relatively common complication of trauma and surgery. It affects up to 30% of patients fractures involving the orbital bones. Most cases do not require surgical intervention because they do not cause retinal ischemia or optic nerve neuropathy. The above symptoms occur in only 0.5–1% of patients developing Orbital Compartment Syndrome (OCS). Due to the short period (60–100 min) of time in which the optic nerve and retina can tolerate increased intraocular pressure, it seemed reasonable to evaluate and standardize the surgical management protocol for this rare complication. Objective: The aim of this retrospective study was to retrospectively analyze cases of inframammary haematomas with clinically relevant correlations. Methods: Eighteen patients treated at the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery due to OCS, in Lodz and Poznan, Poland, between 2009 and 2022, were included. APTT, INR, systemic diseases, cause, location and size of hematoma, presence and number of fractures, visual disturbances and pupillary response on the day after surgery and one month after, the type of intervention and time between admission to the hospital and surgery were evaluated. Results: Statistically significant correlations were obtained between the size of the hematoma and the patients’ age, the degree of visual disturbance and the weakening of pupillary constriction, severe initial symptoms and poor postoperative outcomes at both postoperative periods studied, immediate and distant poor outcome after decompression surgery and good postoperative outcome persisting one month after. Conclusions: The results obtained in the study and the surgical protocol proposed by the authors are in line with the current state of knowledge regarding orbital hematomas. Some of the correlations described in the literature (such as OCS and anticoagulant treatment) were not demonstrated, but this is probably due to the small study group. Maintaining the 100 min limit as a standard was possible only in early postoperative diagnoses (only 1 of the patients was operated on up to 100 min after the appearance of symptoms). In other cases, the specialized diagnosis took an average of 2785 ± 4020 min or 46 ± 67 h.

Introduction and objective: Smoking is associated with periodontal disease, potentially malignant disorders and oral cancer. Recent increase in the electronic cigarette use creates new, yet undiscovered consequences for both general and oral health. Although the negative effects of nicotinism...

Vitamin D₃ is a fat-soluble steroid essential for bone metabolism, immune modulation, and inflammation control, all critical for periodontal health. Its active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃, binds to the vitamin D receptor (VDR) in periodontal cells, including periodontal ligament stromal cells, fibroblasts, osteoblasts, and macrophages, enhancing osteogenesis, antimicrobial defenses, and anti-inflammatory responses. Clinical and experimental evidence demonstrates that adequate systemic vitamin D₃ levels and local activation in gingival tissues improve outcomes of nonsurgical and surgical periodontal therapies, reducing probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and gingival inflammation. Dose-dependent supplementation shows greater clinical efficacy, and emerging evidence supports potential topical applications. This review integrates molecular mechanisms with clinical findings, highlighting the therapeutic potential of vitamin D₃ in periodontal disease management.

Background/Objectives: Orbital reconstruction remains one of the most demanding procedures in maxillofacial surgery. It requires not only precise anatomical knowledge but also poses multiple intraoperative challenges. Limited surgical visibility—especially in transconjunctival or transcaruncular approaches—demands exceptional precision from the surgeon. At the same time, the complex anatomical structure of the orbit, its rich vascularization and innervation, and the risk of severe postoperative complications—such as diplopia, sensory deficits, impaired ocular mobility, or in the most serious cases, post-traumatic blindness due to nerve injury or orbital compartment syndrome—necessitate the highest level of surgical accuracy. In this context, patient-specific implants (PSIs), commonly fabricated from zirconium oxide or ultra-high-density polyethylene, have become invaluable. Within CAD-based reconstructive planning, especially for orbital implants, critical factors include the implant’s anatomical fit, passive stabilization on intact bony structures, and non-interference with orbital soft tissues. Above all, precise replication of the orbital dimensions is essential for optimal clinical outcomes. This study compares the morphological accuracy of orbital structures based on anthropometric measurements from 3D models generated from fan-beam computed tomography (FBCT) and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: A cohort group of 500 Caucasian patients aged 8 to 88 years was analyzed. 3D models of the orbits were generated from FBCT and CBCT scans. Anthropometric measurements were taken to evaluate the morphological accuracy of the orbital structures. The assessed parameters included orbital depth, orbital width, the distance from the infraorbital rim to the infraorbital foramen, the distance between the piriform aperture and the infraorbital foramen, and the distance from the zygomatico-orbital foramen to the infraorbital rim. Results: Statistically significant differences were observed between virtual models derived from FBCT and those based on CBCT in several key parameters. Discrepancies were particularly evident in measurements of orbital depth, orbital width, the distance from the infraorbital rim to the infraorbital foramen, the distance between the piriform aperture and the infraorbital foramen, and the distance from the zygomatico-orbital foramen to the infraorbital rim. Conclusions: The statistically significant discrepancies in selected orbital dimensions—particularly in regions of so-called thin bone—demonstrate that FBCT remains the gold standard in the planning and design of CAD/CAM patient-specific orbital implants. Despite its advantages, including greater accessibility and lower radiation dose, CBCT shows limited reliability in the context of orbital and infraorbital reconstruction planning.

Background: Periodontitis is a multifactorial, chronic inflammatory disease that leads to progressive destruction of the periodontal apparatus. Despite the effectiveness of scaling and root planing (SRP), residual inflammation and limited regenerative potential justify the search for adjunctive biologic therapies. Platelet-derived concentrates, including platelet-rich plasma (PRP), platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), concentrated growth factors (CGF), and platelet-poor plasma (PPP), have gained attention as autologous sources of growth factors enhancing periodontal regeneration. Aim: This narrative review provides a comparative analysis of the biological mechanisms, preparation protocols, and clinical outcomes associated with the adjunctive use of platelet-derived concentrates in non-surgical periodontal therapy. Methods: A narrative literature review was conducted using English-language publications retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar, covering studies published from 2012 onward. The search strategy was based on combinations of keywords related to platelet-derived concentrates and non-surgical periodontal therapy. In vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies, as well as relevant narrative, systematic, and umbrella reviews evaluating the adjunctive use of platelet-derived concentrates (PRP, PRF, CGF, and PPP) were considered. Studies focusing on biological mechanisms, preparation protocols, and clinical periodontal outcomes were included, whereas case reports, studies unrelated to periodontal therapy, and publications lacking relevant clinical or biological outcome data were excluded. Results: Most clinical studies reported improvements in probing depth reduction, clinical attachment level gain, and bleeding indices following adjunctive use of platelet-derived concentrates with SRP. PRF tended to demonstrate more consistent clinical outcomes compared to PRP, potentially related to its simplified preparation and sustained release of bioactive molecules. CGF showed promising osteogenic and angiogenic properties in preclinical and early clinical studies. PPP, although less extensively investigated, exhibited regenerative and antimicrobial potential in preliminary reports. Conclusions: Platelet-derived concentrates may serve as valuable adjuncts in non-surgical periodontal therapy; however, the current evidence is characterized by methodological heterogeneity and variable study quality. While PRF appears to yield more consistent clinical results, definitive conclusions regarding superiority among different platelet concentrates cannot be drawn. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials are required, particularly for CGF and PPP.

Gingival recession, particularly in patients exhibiting a thin periodontal phenotype, is a prevalent and challenging complication associated with orthodontic treatment, among other factors. Recent advances in biostimulation therapies aim to support soft tissue augmentation by increasing gingival thickness (GT) and keratinized tissue width (KTW) while minimizing the need for invasive surgical procedures. This narrative review explores the available clinical evidence regarding several biostimulation techniques, including injectable platelet-rich fibrin (i-PRF), microneedling (MN), concentrated growth factors (CGF), atelocollagen, hyaluronic acid (HA), and low-level laser therapy (LLLT), with a particular focus on their potential adjunctive role in orthodontic patients with a thin periodontal phenotype. While i-PRF and microneedling—used alone or in combination—have shown promising short-term soft tissue thickening and reduced patient morbidity when compared with conventional grafting procedures, the available evidence is largely derived from small, randomized trials, pilot studies, and non-orthodontic cohorts, limiting the strength of comparative conclusions. Minimally invasive biostimulation techniques may represent potential adjunctive strategies for soft tissue management in selected clinical scenarios. Nevertheless, current evidence remains limited and heterogeneous, and robust, long-term, orthodontic-specific clinical trials are required before these approaches can be considered reliable alternatives to established surgical protocols or validated preventive strategies against gingival recession.